Historic
Abstract
Nazism and women:
Reflection of Nazi attitudes about women in the weekly newspaper "Nameh Iran-e Bastan"
Abstract:
In the contemporary world, women have been considered in different ways as a subject for propagandizing modernism, religious traditionalism, a criterion for the development of ...
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Nazism and women:
Reflection of Nazi attitudes about women in the weekly newspaper "Nameh Iran-e Bastan"
Abstract:
In the contemporary world, women have been considered in different ways as a subject for propagandizing modernism, religious traditionalism, a criterion for the development of citizenship rights, etc. In the doctrine of the National Socialist Party of Germany, women were considered as a means to increase the population and increase the political-military power of the country. In Iran, at the same time, the approach to the women as a means of modernity and a factor for increase of population and to create a strong central government was noticed in some Journals such as "Nameh-h Iran Bastan". This research seeks to answer the question that what was the position of women in this Journal and how were the views and program of Nazi Germany reflected in it? This research was carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on the content analysis of the weekly newspaper "Nameh Iran Bastan" during the 4 years of its publication. Nameh Iran Bastan was started in 1933 under the management of Abdul Rahman Saif Azad, who was a pro German Nazism party, when Hitler came to power in Germany and continued until 1936.
The results of research shows that according to defense of this weekly newspaper to fascism, along with a modern understanding of the women in the society, they are mentioned as an effective tool for childbearing and as a result increasing the military power of the country. Contrary to the traditional view that does not allow women to enter the field of sports and political-social activities, in this modern view women are semi-divine beings in terms of the creation of the nation, who, while entering the field of social activity, he should do her most important duty, i.e. childbearing and upbringing them.
Key words: First Pahlavi, Modernity, Nazism, Procreation, Women.
Art
Seyede Fereshteh Ehsani Oskouei; Jamal- E-Din Mahdinejad
Abstract
With women's increased presence at home, they are disproportionately affected by unfavorable living conditions. This situation makes it essential to consider their lifestyle, needs, and preferences when designing housing. This study employed an exploratory approach, using qualitative research methods ...
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With women's increased presence at home, they are disproportionately affected by unfavorable living conditions. This situation makes it essential to consider their lifestyle, needs, and preferences when designing housing. This study employed an exploratory approach, using qualitative research methods such as semi-structured interviews and observations to collect data. The sample consisted of twenty purposefully selected women aged 20 to 40 residing in Tehran province. The data collected from interviews was coded using MAX QDA software, resulting in the identification of key themes and patterns. Besides that, behavior-oriented and spatial-oriented diagrams were drawn based on field observations of residential units. The findings highlight the pivotal role of rooms within residential spaces in women's lives, and it revealed that the contemporary social, economic, and cultural conditions of Iran have shaped a distinct lifestyle among women in this age, significantly impacting their housing preferences. Key design components for rooms in residential apartment units, based on the perspectives of young women, include perceived environmental characteristics such as “efficiency and functionality, beauty and order, privacy, flexibility and adaptability, cleanliness, and hygiene”. Additionally, physical attributes such as “the number of closets and storage spaces, lighting, room size and its other proportions, spatial configuration, noise pollution, interior furniture and its arrangement, texture, and color of materials, window views and their exposure, ventilation conditions, heating and cooling, the number of bedrooms, and form and geometry “.To accommodate the lifestyle of young women, it is important to consider suitable spaces for sleeping, working, and leisure, as well as ensuring personal solitude and incorporating individual tastes and cultural sensitivities in room design. These findings have practical implications for architects, interior designers, and developers involved in housing design. By incorporating the identified design components, housing can be tailored to meet the multifaceted requirements of young women, promoting their comfort and satisfaction.
Historic
Javad Nazarimoghaddam
Abstract
Changing the clothes and removing the hijab from Iranian women is one of the most important and challenging cultural and social measures in the first Pahlavi period, which was carried out with the aim of modernizing Iranian society and realizing the western development model. The disproportion of the ...
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Changing the clothes and removing the hijab from Iranian women is one of the most important and challenging cultural and social measures in the first Pahlavi period, which was carried out with the aim of modernizing Iranian society and realizing the western development model. The disproportion of the veil removal law with the requirements and national and religious values of the Iranian society and its imposition by the government on the people with the aim of removing the veil, led to widespread opposition from various social groups. The study of this part of the contemporary history of Iran provides a clear picture of the cultural policies of the Pahlavi period and how the Iranian society faced it. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate how the people of Gilan faced the veil removal law by adopting a descriptive and analytical approach and using documents related to the period of veil removal in the Pahlavi period. The findings of this research, while not confirming the results of previous studies regarding the lack of significant resistance of the people of Gilan against the veil removal law, show that the necessary ground and platform for the acceptance of veiling in Gilan as in other regions of Iran is not available and the people of Gilan They have shown resistance against this action that is incompatible with the culture and identity of the Iranian society. show that the necessary ground and platform for the acceptance of veiling in Gilan as in other regions of Iran is not available and the people of Gilan They have shown resistance against this action that is incompatible with the culture and identity of the Iranian society.
Changing the clothes and removing the hijab from Iranian women is one of the most important and challenging cultural and social measures in the first Pahlavi period, which was carried out with the aim of modernizing Iranian society and realizing the western development model.
Literature
Bahram Rezaei Vishesheraei; Mohammad Ali Khazane Darlo; mahmood Ranjbar
Abstract
One of the most important works in which the image of another, both "intra-cultural other" and "extra-cultural other" is reflected, is the travelogue. In this type of writing, images of women, men, cities, special places of pilgrimage, tourism, etc. can be the subject of imagery. This article is written ...
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One of the most important works in which the image of another, both "intra-cultural other" and "extra-cultural other" is reflected, is the travelogue. In this type of writing, images of women, men, cities, special places of pilgrimage, tourism, etc. can be the subject of imagery. This article is written in a descriptive-analytical way by combining the three approaches of critical discourse analysis, representation and imagery. The purpose of this research is to analyze the representation of various types of images of women and the assumptions that the author made in the framework of this type of representation. The results of the research show that in the travelogue "From Pariz to Paris" women with eastern and western nationalities are divided into two categories: historical women and contemporary women. The author represents the images of historical women indirectly and through the study of texts (intertextual) and the representation of images of contemporary women - who is either directly connected with them through personal experience or indirectly or directly , through communication with others (impersonal),has heard about them - with a combined experience (combination of face-to-face and impersonal experience).In this travelogue, the various titles of the author are placed in the shadow of the identity of "master intellectual of history" and with this identity, the image of contemporary women and historical court women and public women in the East and West is represented.
Art
Fatemeh samipour; mostafa pourali; marzieh kazemzadeh
Abstract
Territorial behaviors are one of the most important and influential behaviors related to the environment and the use of it. Therefore, if the space is in accordance with these behaviors, it can lead to an increase in the quality of the environment and it makes them use it more and better. In line with ...
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Territorial behaviors are one of the most important and influential behaviors related to the environment and the use of it. Therefore, if the space is in accordance with these behaviors, it can lead to an increase in the quality of the environment and it makes them use it more and better. In line with the study of women's territorial behavior, the present research seeks to identify a concept called "semi-private territories" and achieve its characteristics in public spaces, which according to the research conducted and the hypothesis of the research, is compatible with the territorial behavior of women. It is also in line with women spatial preferences in public spaces. After conducting library studies and compiling the research literature, field studies have been used in a qualitative way using interview tools and contextual conversations to achieve the research goals. In fact, in order to explain the concept of semi-private territories and its characteristics, the opinions of various women in relation to their spatial preferences and territorial behavior in public spaces have been collected and analyzed. The qualitative analysis of the findings has been done in the form of coding and in the platform of Atlas.ti8 software. Based on this, with the study of women's territorial behavior, the concept of "semi-private territory" is defined. The semi-private territory is a territory that is neither completely private nor public, which, while being located in a public arena, has characteristics close to and similar to private territories, but has less public characteristics. These territories have characteristics such as: relative privacy and coziness, relative separation of space by visual and non-visual limits and boundaries, reducing the amount of access to the space compared to the public territory, etc, which is in accordance with the territorial behavior of women in public spaces and provides the necessary conditions for their presence in the space
Sociology
shiva parvaei
Abstract
Music consumption has a prominent role in women's everyday life experiences as an active audience. The question of this research was "how the musical taste of women is formed?". This question was answered by qualitative research method and study of women's musical experience. The data collection tool ...
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Music consumption has a prominent role in women's everyday life experiences as an active audience. The question of this research was "how the musical taste of women is formed?". This question was answered by qualitative research method and study of women's musical experience. The data collection tool is semi-structured interviews with 28 women with different educations, social statuses, and age groups in Tehran city, who were selected by purposeful sampling and theoretical sampling common in qualitative research. Data from qualitative interviews were coded with the thematic analysis method. The findings indicate that the audience's musical taste is not a predetermined matter, but rather a product of the interaction of the audience's individual background and social position. This means that musical taste is social. The lived experience of women shows cultural capital (family cultural background, education, musical knowledge, and skill), economic capital (individual economic situation and family economic background), multiple identity sources (network of reference groups, ethnic identity, religious identity, national identity, generational identity), and media sources (mass media consumption, social media consumption), shapes and differentiates their musical taste.
Literature
Fahime Maleki Mareshk; Abolghasem Ghavam; Homa Zanjani Zadeh
Abstract
The purpose of the current research article is to investigate women's social identity in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh based on Irving Goffman's theory or play performance. The theory based on the view that individuals play a role for their audience to present and keep the desired image of themselves to others ...
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The purpose of the current research article is to investigate women's social identity in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh based on Irving Goffman's theory or play performance. The theory based on the view that individuals play a role for their audience to present and keep the desired image of themselves to others in the society. Thus, the community stage is like the theater stage, in which people perform in interaction with each other The source is Ferdowsi's Shahnameh—edited by Khaleghi Motlagh. The research method is qualitative, and the technique used is content analysis. The research framework is a conceptual model. To analyze women's social identity, we used theatrical performance concepts, front stage, and venue. The results of the present study show that women in the heroic part of Shahnameh look to achieve a superior social identity by performing dramatic actions. To achieve this goal, they present the desired image of themselves and control the actions of others, and they use clothing and ornaments, gestures, and verbal articulations. In the heroic part of Shahnameh, women try to have a good relationship with famous and influential men to gain and keep their social identity. By performing dramatic actions and marrying and bonding with Iranian heroes and princes, they were in pursuit of achieving a superior social identity.
Art
Alavitalab Mitra
Abstract
Female characters in the plays of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th AH, have different manifestations and are presented in a paradoxical way. The social and political changes in this period emphasize the discourse of improving the position of women and have fueled fear and anxiety about ...
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Female characters in the plays of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th AH, have different manifestations and are presented in a paradoxical way. The social and political changes in this period emphasize the discourse of improving the position of women and have fueled fear and anxiety about the presence of women equally. In this research, we focus on the roles of women in some of the plays of this era by critical discourse analysis. This plays have been described, interpreted and explained by the descriptive and analytical method suggested by Norman Fairclough. First of all, at the level of description, we have discussed the function of female characters in the plots of plays. At the level of interpretation, looking at the social events related to women in this period, the relationship between women's activism in the play and their level and role in the society is examined, and finally, in the third stage, the reason for the gap between the change of social paradigms and the role Women are explained in plays. By the analysis of the plays in the discourse context of the era, it was concluded that although in this era, the key role of women in the society and their promotion to the level of the speaking subject is always emphasized as one of the manifestations of progress, but still the dominance of the patriarchal discourse and The fear of killing women has so powerfully cast a shadow on the dramas of this hundred-year era that the role of women is either associated with concepts such as cunning, deception and conspiracy, or the female characters remain as objects of men's opinion games and seduction
الیهات
Mehran Rahbari; • Shahram Pazouk; Abolfazl Mahmoudi
Abstract
Women's position and their role in the society has been influenced by various factors such as culture and religion. This research tries to study the role of women in the point of views of religions especially Christianity and church fathers and also analyze the view of the Gospel of Thomas on this matter. ...
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Women's position and their role in the society has been influenced by various factors such as culture and religion. This research tries to study the role of women in the point of views of religions especially Christianity and church fathers and also analyze the view of the Gospel of Thomas on this matter. The Gospel of Thomas is a noncanonical text that were discovered seventy years ago in the Naj Hammadi, in Upper Egypt. In spite of its small volume, The Gospel of Thomas has always been the focus of scholar in the field of early Christianity. In this research, we have aimed to study the position of woman and femininity in the Gospel of Thomas. The result shows that Jesus in the form of sayings, proverbs and phrases of the Gospel of Thomas, unlike the other canonical texts of Christianity, considers a more important position for women and assigns a more valuable role to them. Because of its theological and mysticism perspective, the Gospel of Thomas focuses on the spirituality of person and not his or her gender. for this reason, attaining the kingdom, enlightenment and salvation requires passing away from masculinity and femininity and then trying to achieve celibacy and unity.
Art
marzieh jafarpour; zohreh tabatabaiie jebeli
Abstract
What we call death in our dictionary, and which we often refer to bitterly, in the eyes of agriculturists was a connection of the deceased with the earth and the expectation of resurrection; Like a seed buried in the soil in the hope of rebirth. The remaining written and visual pieces of evidence of ...
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What we call death in our dictionary, and which we often refer to bitterly, in the eyes of agriculturists was a connection of the deceased with the earth and the expectation of resurrection; Like a seed buried in the soil in the hope of rebirth. The remaining written and visual pieces of evidence of mourning rituals indicate that women played a more critical role in this way; as they played an important role in planting and harvesting agricultural products. Therefore, the present article, with the aim of explaining the role of women in mourning rituals and its relationship with agricultural rituals, seeks to answer these questions: Why the operatives of mourning rituals are primarily women? And is there any connection between these rituals (mourning and request for fertility from nature)? In this regard, this paper will analyze eight Persian paintings with the theme of mourning from the Ilkhanid to the Safavid period in a historical-analytical way using the iconographic approach. The results show that mourning rituals were inherently used to activate the forces of plants that are often embodied as plant gods/goddesses. During a transformation, this pattern has changed from a form of mourning for the goddess of fertility to mourning for the general public. The presence of women in the mourning rituals was also considered blessed and auspicious because of their liaison with mother-earth. Thus, based on the symmetry of mourning and agriculture, the presence of women in mourning and the performance of various rituals by them is justified.
Faramarz Khojasteh; حسین pouladian; zahra ansari
Abstract
AbstractIn Ayyari Persian short stories, women have a prominent, vivid, pivotal, and influential role and presence. It is reflected in various ways and forms in these texts. Ayyari discourse in the history of Iran has always been formed in opposition to the existing dominant order, seeking rights and ...
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AbstractIn Ayyari Persian short stories, women have a prominent, vivid, pivotal, and influential role and presence. It is reflected in various ways and forms in these texts. Ayyari discourse in the history of Iran has always been formed in opposition to the existing dominant order, seeking rights and equality, and eliminating authoritarianism, discrimination, and oppression. Ayyar women in Ayyari's stories represent the same discourse and, in a way, represent Ayyari's subculture in the face of an oppressive and immoral male-dominated system. This research has been done with a qualitative approach. It uses content analysis method. First, the stories of Ayyari women are collected, then the way of thinking of women in the face of all kinds of oppression and tyranny of men, especially in the field of gender discrimination, are counted, analyzed, and explained. According to the research findings, the highest frequency of these tricks is dedicated to humiliation, deception, disguise, use of anesthesia, and secret escape. Most of the tricks used by women are reactionary, that is they are responses from women to male sexual diversity, injustice, inequality, oppression, coercion, authoritarianism, and the exercise of power in a patriarchal society. It is in this context that women find opportunity for "masculinity."
Vajiheh Javani; Firishtah Aghajani; mina Alemi
Abstract
AbstractIn today's world, the media is the most important means of conveying messages to the public via various ways. It has a significant contribution to the level of public awareness of various issues. Therefore, the present study deals with media's effect on gender stereotypes in women's sports. ...
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AbstractIn today's world, the media is the most important means of conveying messages to the public via various ways. It has a significant contribution to the level of public awareness of various issues. Therefore, the present study deals with media's effect on gender stereotypes in women's sports. The method used to analyze the data is thematic analysis. The research population includes Iranian women athletes at professional level and researchers working in the field of women's sports studies. When analyzing the findings of the interviews, there are two main themes: the dysfunctions and functions of the media in the field of media influence on gender stereotypes are extracted, which indicates their dual and contradictory influence. It means that on the one hand, the consequences of covering the successes and activities of professional women athletes in the media undermine the prevailing patriarchal ideas in sports, while, on the other hand, the media reinforces gender stereotypes in society by inciting and emphasizing the femininity dimension of female athletes through inducing a gender perspective and believing that women's sports are not severe in the public mind.
Afsaneh Tavassoli; Zohreh Babaei
Abstract
AbstractThe cinema of the Oscar-winning director, Asghar Farhadi, pays special attention to women by focusing on the increasing number of women along with their presentation in key roles. The present article analyzes "Dance in the Dust", "Beautiful City", "Fireworks Wednesday", "About Eli", "A ...
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AbstractThe cinema of the Oscar-winning director, Asghar Farhadi, pays special attention to women by focusing on the increasing number of women along with their presentation in key roles. The present article analyzes "Dance in the Dust", "Beautiful City", "Fireworks Wednesday", "About Eli", "A Separation", "The Past", "Salesman", and "Everyone Knows", in which the woman is the focal point. Thus, it tries to examine the films with the method of qualitative content analysis to work on the attention Farhadi has paid to woman’s importance by representing her. Examination of codes, categories, and concepts shows that although the number and importance of female characters and the assignment of key roles to them has increased over time, at the same time women with passive actions, gender job maps, absence from the public arena, and spouse-dependence is portrayed as critical, desperate, powerless, and incompetent. It seems that in order to give importance to women, it is not enough to focus on the subject of women. One should also pay attention to the hidden layer of narratives that can be obtained from their mentality and stereotypes..
Fahime Maleki Mareshk; Abolghasem Ghavam; homa Zanjani Zadeh
Abstract
AbstractIdentity is a mental state for recognition, which can be found in the characteristics distinguishing each individual. The study of women's identity has been the subject of research through various means in the literature. The Shahnameh or the long epic poem book, written by the Persian ...
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AbstractIdentity is a mental state for recognition, which can be found in the characteristics distinguishing each individual. The study of women's identity has been the subject of research through various means in the literature. The Shahnameh or the long epic poem book, written by the Persian Poet Ferdowsi, is continually playing a crucial role in the cultural and social heritage of Iranians. The book is an acceptable source to study women’s identity in Persian territory. The research version of the text is edited by Dr. Khaleghi Motlaq and the research methodology, itself, is qualitative. Content analysis is the technique, used in the present study. The research framework is a conceptual model where two fundamental concepts of “I” and “me” are used to analyze women’s actions in Shahnameh. This analysis shows that their identity is the result of the superiority of the word "I" in nature. In the actions of all the characters, except Sindokht, the "I" is more obvious than the word "Me". When it comes to choose or decide, the women do actions, which are subliminal to their consciousness. However, when they act contrary to the traditional norms and expectations, the "I" becomes apparent. It is the occurrence of these different and norm-breaking actions that cause their individualities. Boldness in love, courage, warfare, wisdom, and politics can be considered as the identifying features of women in the heroic part of the Shahnameh..
samad Abedini; Samad Rasoulzadeh Aghdam; Parviz Saboori Kazaj
Abstract
One of the determinants of justice and domination is perceptions of gender justice. The purpose of this research is to study the perception of women gender justice and the role of sociological factors in the emergence of this phenomenon in the context of ethnicity. Theoretical foundations of the research ...
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One of the determinants of justice and domination is perceptions of gender justice. The purpose of this research is to study the perception of women gender justice and the role of sociological factors in the emergence of this phenomenon in the context of ethnicity. Theoretical foundations of the research are formulated based on the theories of Homens, Bourdieu, and Parsons. The research has been conducted by survey method and the data have been collected by questionnaire. The statistical population are including all women over 20 years old from Turkish, Kurdish and Gilak ethnicities from provinces of Ardebil, Parsabad, Khalkhal, Sanandaj, Piranshahr, Bijar, Rasht, Lahijan and Talesh. The sampling method is quota-purposive. The results showed that 52% of respondents refer to the definition of gender justice for cultural and social characteristics and role of natural and biological factors in shaping the perception of gender justice. Comparative tests revealed the largest differences in perceptions of gender justice between ethnic groups of Kurdish and Gilak. Multivariate analysis tests confirmed differences in perceptions of gender justice (Exchange justice, Ritual justice, Justice in freedom of action, Justice in capability) in terms of variables of cultural capital, social capital, symbolic capital, economic capital, emotional capital, and stereotypes among Turkish, Kurdish and Gilak ethnic groups.
Mansour Tabiei; Raana Mohammad Taghinejad Esfahani
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the critical discourse of women's inferiority through the analysis of four films: Fire Bride, Lineless Paper, Father's House and Venus. The theoretical framework is Judge Moradi's theory of self-determination, which has been done by Fairclough's method of critical ...
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the critical discourse of women's inferiority through the analysis of four films: Fire Bride, Lineless Paper, Father's House and Venus. The theoretical framework is Judge Moradi's theory of self-determination, which has been done by Fairclough's method of critical discourse analysis; Critical discourse analysis, by linking discourse structures and social contexts can help us to understand the existing issues. Among the dominant discourse systems, patriarchal discourse deconstructs relations between the genders from a position of power; the discourse of tradition and modernity causes subjects to redefine their identity. This method has three stages of description, interpretation and explanation; for this purpose, in the description stage, great attention is paid to the formal features of the context (analysis of dialogues and sequences).The interpretation, inter-discourse (discourse practice) is discussed in the second stage. Finally, the interaction of macro-social structures on the study is based on the theory of autonomy. The results showed the mechanism by which the transition between the two discourse spaces of tradition and modernity, the order of gender discourse and the power relations inherent in this hierarchy, has led to the inferiority of women and then their resistance to the superiority of men. Modern and traditional femininities not only contrast with each other, but on the other hand, the feminine signs are also represented in front of traditional and modern male subjects.
Mahtab Dadkhah; Karim Hajizadeh; Behruz Afkhami; Hibib Shahbazi Shiran
Abstract
Historical texts by narrative men of the rulers and the great men of history have said often less about ordinary people, especially women. In fact, women, despite being half of human society and educators of men and the next generation, have had an undeniable influence on social relations, the preservation ...
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Historical texts by narrative men of the rulers and the great men of history have said often less about ordinary people, especially women. In fact, women, despite being half of human society and educators of men and the next generation, have had an undeniable influence on social relations, the preservation and perpetuation of traditions, customs and even political games in historical periods. But in most cases, for cultural reasons, less mention is made of their presence in society or defined in the shadow of men. Therefore, archaeological methods and the study of cultural materials are very valuable and useful for clarifying the subject and answering the existing gaps and questions; because archeology has used cultural materials to rebuild communities, culture and people's roles. The present article examines the miniatures of the Tabriz school as material evidence of the Safavid period and tries to compare the image of women presented in the texts of the Safavid period with the remaining images of them in the miniatures of the Tabriz school and the contradictions and similarities between the two. The miniatures of Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp, Khamse of Nizami and Haft Awrang of Jami showed that women in Safavid Tabriz School at the same time at least during that period, contrary to historical texts have highlighted more active role in the community.
Masoud Olia; Mozhdeh Hasheminasab
Abstract
The present study investigates self-expression through profile image selection among Iranian female users in social networks (case study: Facebook) based on Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical theory. Goffman’s dramaturgical theory regards society as the stage of a theater and actors as players. ...
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The present study investigates self-expression through profile image selection among Iranian female users in social networks (case study: Facebook) based on Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical theory. Goffman’s dramaturgical theory regards society as the stage of a theater and actors as players. If social networks can be perceived as a society in which users play their roles, then the selection of profile images can be regarded as the beginning of this process. Cyberspace allows users to have a selected “self” when dealing with others and express it in a variety of ways, including profile image selection. This paper follows visual culture studies that emphasize culture as an element influencing visual experience and vice versa. Such an attitude allows identifying cultural aspects which influence the selection of profile images by female users. The present study was conducted to analyze these images using 200 profile images. We also used qualitative content analysis and quantitative analyses to observe and classify the identified categories. Based on the results of the present study, women seem to tend to create and display an ideal self in their profile images. Such a selection is consistent with gender stereotypes and involves in the reproduction and enforcement of gender norms and performing them.
Sociology
Fatemeh Golabi; Mohammad Bagher Alizadeh Aghdam; Leila Zarezadeh Ardashir
Abstract
The purpose of this research is sociological analysis of humiliation among women and their relationship with different parenting styles. This research is descriptive and analytical-quantitative and conducted by survey method. The statistical population of this study consists of all women over 15 ...
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The purpose of this research is sociological analysis of humiliation among women and their relationship with different parenting styles. This research is descriptive and analytical-quantitative and conducted by survey method. The statistical population of this study consists of all women over 15 years old living in Tabriz. Sampling method was a multi-stage cluster type with a sample size of 400 people. The research tool was a questionnaire. A standard questionnaire was used in the parenting style and the researcher-made questionnaire was made in the sense of humiliation. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Based on the descriptive results of the research, the mean of depression among women is relatively low and the average of the dimensions of parenting is relatively low in the light dimensions, relatively modest in the dimension and in the authoritarian dimension is relatively high. There is a significant relationship between deviance and authoritarian parenting and reproductive parenting. According to the views expressed in the field of childbearing, negative education has a high degree of degradation. But this humiliation may be as commonplace with normal behaviors and everyday relationships as to be commonplace. In fact, as more equal interaction of family life is emphasized, the same amount of people will experience less humiliation.
Sadreddin Taheri
Abstract
Based on archaeological and anthropological findings, some of ancient societies were governed by social system of matriarchy. Among the ancient civilizations of Iran, Shahr-i Sokhta is a proper case for study to examine the social status of women, due to its continuous publications, which are results ...
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Based on archaeological and anthropological findings, some of ancient societies were governed by social system of matriarchy. Among the ancient civilizations of Iran, Shahr-i Sokhta is a proper case for study to examine the social status of women, due to its continuous publications, which are results of long-term scientific excavations. This article is a historical research through descriptive analytical method and quantitative and qualitative data, looking for evidence of matriarchal system in Shahr-i Sokhta. The seals in an ancient society represent prominent social status, state power, or participation in trade. In Shahr-i Sokhta graveyard, seals are almost entirely owned by women. Based on the high number of valuable objects, many of the buried females can be considered rich. Plentitude of these objects, especially in the second period, when the city’s population and commercial capacity reaches its peak, reveals that women of Shahr-i Sokhta (at least in the second and fourth periods) were on average richer than men. Guns are rarely found in the place, and instead, there are often decorative objects and various accessories alongside the deceased women. Given the ownership of the seals, it can be suggested that the goods manufactured in the surrounding villages, have been sold in the city or exported to other regions by women. Based on the evidence analyzed in this article, the author believes that the society of Shahr-i Sokhta was governed by a matriarchal system, at least in an important part of its 1300-year history, and those women have contributed significantly to the social and economic evolution of this civilization.
Art
Sare Tahmasbizade; Mohamad Ebrahim Zarei
Abstract
In the early Qajar period, many travelers provided unbelievable information about women. The beauty of Iranian women is one of the points that European tourists have come to appreciate. We can also see the reflection of this beauty in the paintings of this period. But the point that attracts attention ...
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In the early Qajar period, many travelers provided unbelievable information about women. The beauty of Iranian women is one of the points that European tourists have come to appreciate. We can also see the reflection of this beauty in the paintings of this period. But the point that attracts attention is the remarkable difference between the women's survivors of the Qajar period with travel writings and paintings of this period. What has been studied in this research is to validate the accuracy of the Qajar women's background based on archaeological evidence. The collection of materials in this library research is written in a historical-analytical way. Accordingly, the questions of this paper are as follows: How is the apparent image of women in paintings of Qajar period to compare with other archaeological evidence? Is there any difference in the apparent appearance of the women left behind the archaeological evidence of the Qajar era, what factors has caused this difference? The results of the surveys show that we are seeing some kind of difference between the concepts of the pictures left and those of the paintings in this period. In the Qajar period, the painters have tended to face the idealism and lack of simulation. Therefore, it can be said that women in the paintings of this period are instrumental in expressing the glory of power and monarchy.
Literature
Ehsan Ghabool; Abdollah Radmard; Zahra Shariatpanah
Abstract
Literary and historical texts can be considered as the most important tool in recognizing the images of women of different ethnic groups in the past. Imagology is the knowledge to classify and analyze the images of women in these texts on a systematic and scientific basis. The travelogues are among the ...
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Literary and historical texts can be considered as the most important tool in recognizing the images of women of different ethnic groups in the past. Imagology is the knowledge to classify and analyze the images of women in these texts on a systematic and scientific basis. The travelogues are among the literary texts, which represents a fairly realistic image of women. One of the most comprehensive travelogues in the eighth century is Ibn Battutah's travelogue. In this article, we are going to identify and classify a variety of women's images in this travelogue. Accordingly, in primary images of the women from Turkic, Mongolian, Iranian, Chinese and Indian countries, the classification are conducted from three perspectives of appearance and covering, marriage, and attendance in social activities, and then the valuation attitude of Ibn Battutah has been reviewed for each image. The results of this study introduce new images of the women of these nations in Ibn Battutah's travelogue. Thus, the results confirm the hypothesis that Ibn Battutah's religious presuppositions have influenced his evaluation attitude toward women of different ethnic groups, representing itself in Turkic tribes and Mogul, Iran, India and China.
cultural
Hossein Mohammadzadeh
Abstract
There are a variety of social songs. Some types of the songs are works songs. Work songs are the songs that women and men singing during work process, for work or in the memories of work. The goal of this study is the role of Kurdish women in production of work songs in one side and thematic analysis ...
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There are a variety of social songs. Some types of the songs are works songs. Work songs are the songs that women and men singing during work process, for work or in the memories of work. The goal of this study is the role of Kurdish women in production of work songs in one side and thematic analysis of social topics among them on other side. The guide theory of the study is rooted in folklore theories. The most important theories in folklore knowledge are comparative, national, psychoanalysis and anthropology. In this case, we used the last one. Methods of data collection were document and field interviews. For Data analysis, we used thematic analysis methods. The results of this research show that varieties of work songs are so much and some of these songs are produced by women. Some of these songs belong to agriculture and animal husbandry societies. In thematic analysis, we exclude five categories like, aesthetic, love, production, economy and critics. At the last time, we collected these five categories as subject model of "soft art of social protest".
International
Ehsan Ghabool; Abdollah Radmard; Toktam Abedi
Abstract
Imagology is one of the branches of comparative literature that attempts to identify the features and attitudes of other nations through literary works. The identification of women’s image in other countries and nations from the viewpoint of a foreign poet or author is a topic of the knowledge ...
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Imagology is one of the branches of comparative literature that attempts to identify the features and attitudes of other nations through literary works. The identification of women’s image in other countries and nations from the viewpoint of a foreign poet or author is a topic of the knowledge imagology. This plays an important role in understanding the position, interests and attitudes of women in those societies. In this essay, the images of women in Ibn-e Fazlan Travelogues are studied. This travelogue is one of the oldest survived literary works about the lands located in the basin of Volga River and Central Asia. The author of the work also traveled and visited Iran and Turkan region. In Ibn-e Fazlan travelogues, valuable and exclusive information and images of Turkish, Bulgarian, Iranian and Russian women are given. These images and information have been studied and classified in this essay within the four perspectives of marriage, clothes, jewelries and bondwomen based on the methodology of imagology. This is concluded that those images of women were strange and odd to Ibn-e Fazlan based on his beliefs and the environment he lived in. The strange images are specially marked for Russian, Turkish, Bulgarian and Iranian nations, in order.
Sociology
Fardin Alikhah; Samaneh Koohestani; Tahereh Vaghehdashti
Abstract
The increase in the penetration of the internet and also increase in the number of membership of Iranian people in social networks through mobile phones is remarkably observed in the recent years. The presence of women in social media and the impact of social media on their lives are important from the ...
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The increase in the penetration of the internet and also increase in the number of membership of Iranian people in social networks through mobile phones is remarkably observed in the recent years. The presence of women in social media and the impact of social media on their lives are important from the sociological point of view. Reviewing the conceptual framework and some of the researches and theories related to women's bonding with communication technologies, this study has a special focus on Cyber-Feminism. The main question of the research is the impact of membership in social networks on the lives of employed women and housewives. The authors conducted a deep interview with 15 housewives and employed women in the city of Rasht based on a qualitative method and a non-objective sampling with snowball technique. The findings of the study have indicated that social networks can increase the domain of social relationships and so facilitate their participation in various social, cultural, scientific and educational arenas, which corresponds to the ideas of Cyber feminism. The authors believe that the issues such as the patriarchal system, lack of security in cyberspace, and the lack of adequate media literacy and skills among the women can challenge the empowerment and the active presence of women in cyberspace as claimed by Cyber-feminism.
