Center for Women and Family Studies, University of Tehran Journal of Woman in Culture and Arts 2538-3108 17 2 2025 07 01 The Sociological Representation of Women’s Interactions in Mohammad Hejazi's Novels (Homa, Ziba, and Parichehr) Based on the Approach of Kress and Van Leeuwen The Sociological Representation of Women’s Interactions in Mohammad Hejazi's Novels (Homa, Ziba, and Parichehr) Based on the Approach of Kress and Van Leeuwen 195 213 102977 10.22059/jwica.2024.364083.1959 FA Hamideh Dehghanih PhD of Sociology, Educator in Bushehr, Bushehr, Iran 0000-0003-2782-2744 Arman Hedari Corresponding Author, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, University of Yasouj, Yasouj, Iran. 0000-0003-2782-2744 Reza Rezaei Assistant Professor Department of Language and English Teaching, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, University of Yasouj, Yasouj, Iran 0000-0002-7636-6135 Journal Article 2023 08 23 Although many studies have been conducted about women, analyzing their interactions in various contexts almost remains unknown and shrouded in ambiguity. Undoubtedly, one of the most essential areas for increasing awareness of such interactions is exploring the content of novels. The main aim of the present study is to analyze the representation of women's interactions and relationships in Mohammad Hejazi’s three Novels (Homa, Prichehr, and Ziba), which were written during the first Pahlavi period. The research procedure employed was Kress and Van Leeuwen’s social semiotic approach, as well as critical discourse analysis. The unit of analysis was the "sentence," and the concentration was on identifying related statements and codifying them thematically. The research findings were presented in three dimensions: synthetic, interactive, and representational meta-roles. It is possible to assert that the triple signifiers of religion, tradition, and modernity are in an antagonistic relationship, as evidenced by the diverse representations of women. Therefore, it appears that both conventional and contemporary discourses are concurrently shaping the identities and interactions of women. Women are depicted in dual categories of superior/inferior, active/passive, and weak/strong. and undergo distinct “intra-gender” and “inter-gender” relationships.  The overarching conclusion is that the women in Hejazi’s stories are not passive objects; rather, they act in a variety of ways in accordance with their positions and employ strategies to confront and resist the pervasive patriarchal social climate. Therefore, it is impossible to simplify the diverse manners and enforcements of all women under a general and all-encompassing communication pattern, as not all women exhibit similar interactional patterns. Although many studies have been conducted about women, analyzing their interactions in various contexts almost remains unknown and shrouded in ambiguity. Undoubtedly, one of the most essential areas for increasing awareness of such interactions is exploring the content of novels. The main aim of the present study is to analyze the representation of women's interactions and relationships in Mohammad Hejazi’s three Novels (Homa, Prichehr, and Ziba), which were written during the first Pahlavi period. The research procedure employed was Kress and Van Leeuwen’s social semiotic approach, as well as critical discourse analysis. The unit of analysis was the "sentence," and the concentration was on identifying related statements and codifying them thematically. The research findings were presented in three dimensions: synthetic, interactive, and representational meta-roles. It is possible to assert that the triple signifiers of religion, tradition, and modernity are in an antagonistic relationship, as evidenced by the diverse representations of women. Therefore, it appears that both conventional and contemporary discourses are concurrently shaping the identities and interactions of women. Women are depicted in dual categories of superior/inferior, active/passive, and weak/strong. and undergo distinct “intra-gender” and “inter-gender” relationships.  The overarching conclusion is that the women in Hejazi’s stories are not passive objects; rather, they act in a variety of ways in accordance with their positions and employ strategies to confront and resist the pervasive patriarchal social climate. Therefore, it is impossible to simplify the diverse manners and enforcements of all women under a general and all-encompassing communication pattern, as not all women exhibit similar interactional patterns. https://jwica.ut.ac.ir/article_102977_77d33af309f8dc6f08cdfec2179b9488.pdf