Center for Women and Family Studies, University of TehranJournal of Woman in Culture and Arts2538-31087420151222Narrative and semiotic analysis of divorcee's portrayal in Iranian CinemaNarrative and semiotic analysis of divorcee's portrayal in Iranian Cinema4214365835110.22059/jwica.2015.58351FAMaryamRafatjahAssistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranNiloofarHoomanPhD Student, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20160305This article is an attempt to explore the subject of divorcee in narrative and visual content of Iranian cinema. Therefore, by applying constructionist approach in Representation theory of Stuart Hall as the main theoretical framework and using Roland Barthes’ structural analysis of narrative and John Fiske’s semiotic analysis in three levels of reality codes, representation and ideology, Esterahate Motlagh and Nahid movies have been analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that: 1. Both films have the three- part narrative structure, 2. The story take places in an urban space, 3. the crises that divorced woman face 4. Tactful woman is the most important type in both movies 5. Showing patriarchy, wise woman versus irrational man and the predominance of evil over goodness, are the most important ideological issues which have been mentioned and portrayed in the movies.This article is an attempt to explore the subject of divorcee in narrative and visual content of Iranian cinema. Therefore, by applying constructionist approach in Representation theory of Stuart Hall as the main theoretical framework and using Roland Barthes’ structural analysis of narrative and John Fiske’s semiotic analysis in three levels of reality codes, representation and ideology, Esterahate Motlagh and Nahid movies have been analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that: 1. Both films have the three- part narrative structure, 2. The story take places in an urban space, 3. the crises that divorced woman face 4. Tactful woman is the most important type in both movies 5. Showing patriarchy, wise woman versus irrational man and the predominance of evil over goodness, are the most important ideological issues which have been mentioned and portrayed in the movies.https://jwica.ut.ac.ir/article_58351_af06609c41efab3fda471f0db5e115d5.pdfCenter for Women and Family Studies, University of TehranJournal of Woman in Culture and Arts2538-31087420151222Effective factors on the rate of cosmetics use among female studentsEffective factors on the rate of cosmetics use among female students4374535835210.22059/jwica.2015.58352FAMohammadAkbariDepartment of Social Sciences. Faculty of Literature and Humanity, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranDariushBoostaniDepartment of Social Sciences. Faculty of Literature and Humanity, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranElhamZeadabadiMA of Sociology, Science and Research University, Kerman Branch, IranJournal Article20160114This article aims to investigate the effective factors on the rate of ‘cosmetics use’ among female students of Kerman Azad University. The research method was Survey, and data was collected by questionnaire. Statistical population comprises all of the female students of Kerman Azad University (N= 5413) and sample size is 378 students. Theoretical framework is extracted from theories of Bourdieu, Giddens and Turner. Findings indicated that variables such as seeking diversity, consumerism, cultural capital, media consumption, reflexive identity, social class, tendency to cosmetics, age, and level of education had significant relationship with the rate of cosmetics use. Generally, independent variables explained 37 percent of dependent variable. Variable of ‘seeking diversity’ was the best determinant of cosmetics use among the female students.This article aims to investigate the effective factors on the rate of ‘cosmetics use’ among female students of Kerman Azad University. The research method was Survey, and data was collected by questionnaire. Statistical population comprises all of the female students of Kerman Azad University (N= 5413) and sample size is 378 students. Theoretical framework is extracted from theories of Bourdieu, Giddens and Turner. Findings indicated that variables such as seeking diversity, consumerism, cultural capital, media consumption, reflexive identity, social class, tendency to cosmetics, age, and level of education had significant relationship with the rate of cosmetics use. Generally, independent variables explained 37 percent of dependent variable. Variable of ‘seeking diversity’ was the best determinant of cosmetics use among the female students.https://jwica.ut.ac.ir/article_58352_de76aabcbef572507d2e00a68fe1918a.pdfCenter for Women and Family Studies, University of TehranJournal of Woman in Culture and Arts2538-31087420151222The correspondence of social meanings of qajar women and their status in the painted manuscripts of Hezar- o- Yek ShabThe correspondence of social meanings of qajar women and their status in the painted manuscripts of Hezar- o- Yek Shab4554715835310.22059/jwica.2015.58353FAMahnazShayeste FarAssociate Professor, Islamic Art Study, Tarbiat Modares University, IranMahbobeShahbaziMA in Islamic Art Study, Tarbiat Modares University, IranJournal Article20160228The remained visual sources of Qajar art works can be studied as one of the referable, valid evidence for identifying thewomen's roles and identity during this period. For this purpose‚ the illustrations of the Arabian Nights manuscript by Sani Al-Molk is considered as one of the references recognizing the womanʼs presence during Qajar period. This masterpiece has some exclusive features distinguishing the collection from the similar ones made in the same period including the painterʼs use of social sources and contemporary real persons and places for drawing the illustrations. The study aims to describe the women's social status in the Qajar era‚ using the itineraries and other written sources‚ and compare it with the pictures of the collection. This paper which is based on the documented studies, focuses on the paintings which show woman’s stronger attendance. According to the findings of this paper‚ Sani Al-Molk did not absolutely apply the social sources of his age for picturing the women at his manuscript.The remained visual sources of Qajar art works can be studied as one of the referable, valid evidence for identifying thewomen's roles and identity during this period. For this purpose‚ the illustrations of the Arabian Nights manuscript by Sani Al-Molk is considered as one of the references recognizing the womanʼs presence during Qajar period. This masterpiece has some exclusive features distinguishing the collection from the similar ones made in the same period including the painterʼs use of social sources and contemporary real persons and places for drawing the illustrations. The study aims to describe the women's social status in the Qajar era‚ using the itineraries and other written sources‚ and compare it with the pictures of the collection. This paper which is based on the documented studies, focuses on the paintings which show woman’s stronger attendance. According to the findings of this paper‚ Sani Al-Molk did not absolutely apply the social sources of his age for picturing the women at his manuscript.https://jwica.ut.ac.ir/article_58353_f41817961bd183e5bd5dc1c2f06cc2ec.pdfCenter for Women and Family Studies, University of TehranJournal of Woman in Culture and Arts2538-31087420151222Women’s social capital situation in work and production communityWomen’s social capital situation in work and production community4734875835410.22059/jwica.2015.58354FAMaliheShianiAssociate Professor, Social Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranHananZareM.A of Social Planning Welfare, Social Sciences Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20160305Social capital has become an important subject in recent decade and is seriously considered in the physical and human capital, moreover, this complex, multi-faceted concept is one of the most important dynamic elements of social, cultural, economic concept in any society, organization and institution. In addition, one of the most important criteria to measure the degree of development of a country is the significance of women role as half of the population. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to study social capital among employed women. The method of research was survey by using questionnaire technique. In order to measure reliability and validity, we used Cronbach's coefficient alpha and two types of validity including face and construct validity. Employed women were selected by random sample in industrial estate in Tehran. Findings have shown that the amount of social capital among these women was average.Social capital has become an important subject in recent decade and is seriously considered in the physical and human capital, moreover, this complex, multi-faceted concept is one of the most important dynamic elements of social, cultural, economic concept in any society, organization and institution. In addition, one of the most important criteria to measure the degree of development of a country is the significance of women role as half of the population. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to study social capital among employed women. The method of research was survey by using questionnaire technique. In order to measure reliability and validity, we used Cronbach's coefficient alpha and two types of validity including face and construct validity. Employed women were selected by random sample in industrial estate in Tehran. Findings have shown that the amount of social capital among these women was average.https://jwica.ut.ac.ir/article_58354_a236d3f651b6736c17ae3d4b55e63697.pdfCenter for Women and Family Studies, University of TehranJournal of Woman in Culture and Arts2538-31087420151222Ayyar women's battle against Mongol myth in narratives story of "Bahram Beyzai"Ayyar women's battle against Mongol myth in narratives story of "Bahram Beyzai"4895065835510.22059/jwica.2015.58355FARoghayeVahhabi DaryakenariPhD Student, Department of Persian Language & Literature, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, IranMaryamHoseiniProfessor, Department of Persian Language & Literature, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20160430The "alien- enemy" archetype in cultural history of Iran often emerges in different forms and examples of hostility and alienation such as Tatar and Mongol. Mongol savagery and brutality on Iranians, was so severe that after a hard attack and murder and plunder, for centuries, they were an example for each type of attack. Gradually Mongols' attacks changed from historical form and remained in a mythical form in our literature and culture. This article describes how the myth of Mongol formed in our cultural history and signifies the issue, in particular, in the works of "Bahram Beyzai". The main feature of his fictional narratives is an active participation of women in the context of the narration. The purpose of this study is analyzing the struggle of "champion- trickster" women, against the myth of the Mongols, in the "Bahram Beyzai" narrations. Plays and screenplays that are considered in this study include: “Fathnameye kalat”, “mire kafanpush tales”, “ayyare tanha”,”ayyarname” and “tarajname”. The research is descriptive- analytical, so that at first we will express the way that Beyzai uses to describe myth of the Mongols, then five works that are particularly about women's struggle with Mongol in the narrations, will be analyzed.The "alien- enemy" archetype in cultural history of Iran often emerges in different forms and examples of hostility and alienation such as Tatar and Mongol. Mongol savagery and brutality on Iranians, was so severe that after a hard attack and murder and plunder, for centuries, they were an example for each type of attack. Gradually Mongols' attacks changed from historical form and remained in a mythical form in our literature and culture. This article describes how the myth of Mongol formed in our cultural history and signifies the issue, in particular, in the works of "Bahram Beyzai". The main feature of his fictional narratives is an active participation of women in the context of the narration. The purpose of this study is analyzing the struggle of "champion- trickster" women, against the myth of the Mongols, in the "Bahram Beyzai" narrations. Plays and screenplays that are considered in this study include: “Fathnameye kalat”, “mire kafanpush tales”, “ayyare tanha”,”ayyarname” and “tarajname”. The research is descriptive- analytical, so that at first we will express the way that Beyzai uses to describe myth of the Mongols, then five works that are particularly about women's struggle with Mongol in the narrations, will be analyzed.https://jwica.ut.ac.ir/article_58355_e7adbf5eee2b1ade300bacfd5dcdeda6.pdfCenter for Women and Family Studies, University of TehranJournal of Woman in Culture and Arts2538-31087420151222An analysis of the factors affecting realization of the social roles assigned to women during the Prophet Era Society using a historical approachAn analysis of the factors affecting realization of the social roles assigned to women during the Prophet Era Society using a historical approach5075205835610.22059/jwica.2015.58356FAFatemehJanahmadiScience Committee of Tarbiat Modares University, IranReyhanehHashemi ShahidiStudent at University of Religions and Denominations, Qum, IranJournal Article20160420Assigned roles and the enacted roles are two types of roles in the social life. Some of these roles are assigned to women in the Islamic society based on Quranic verses and traditions, which have been named according to the sociology of roles assigned to women in Islamic society. Subordinate to social terms along with the demands of Islam and relying on grounds and factors in the Islamic society, these roles are enforced and strengthened. Some of these factors were endorsed provisions of the Prophet (PBUH) and have already existed either basically or with low effect, based on the inherent circumstances and factors in the community. Some of these roles have been created by being established in Islam and the holy religion of Islam besides granting these roles, by referring to them has tried to elevate their social status and position. What is being addressed in this article is explanation of endorsed and the established provisions of Islam and the Prophet (PBUH) in delegating and strengthening the assigned role of women in Islamic society, and that the raised questions will be answered along with documentations by analytical-descriptive method based on historical references.Assigned roles and the enacted roles are two types of roles in the social life. Some of these roles are assigned to women in the Islamic society based on Quranic verses and traditions, which have been named according to the sociology of roles assigned to women in Islamic society. Subordinate to social terms along with the demands of Islam and relying on grounds and factors in the Islamic society, these roles are enforced and strengthened. Some of these factors were endorsed provisions of the Prophet (PBUH) and have already existed either basically or with low effect, based on the inherent circumstances and factors in the community. Some of these roles have been created by being established in Islam and the holy religion of Islam besides granting these roles, by referring to them has tried to elevate their social status and position. What is being addressed in this article is explanation of endorsed and the established provisions of Islam and the Prophet (PBUH) in delegating and strengthening the assigned role of women in Islamic society, and that the raised questions will be answered along with documentations by analytical-descriptive method based on historical references.https://jwica.ut.ac.ir/article_58356_a076757bdbd32b5022fd5a8926fed09a.pdfCenter for Women and Family Studies, University of TehranJournal of Woman in Culture and Arts2538-31087420151222A comparative study of temporary marriage in Zoroastrianism and IslamA comparative study of temporary marriage in Zoroastrianism and Islam5215355835710.22059/jwica.2015.58357FAHosseinBadamchiAssistant Professor, Faculty of Literature and Human Science, Department of History, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0009-0008-9201-5379KolsoumGhazanfariAssistant Professor, Faculty of Literature and Human Science, Department of History, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranParvinDavariMA in Ancient History of Iran, Faculty of Literature and Human Science, Department of History, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20160528Abstract In Zoroastrian law, there are several indications that denote to the temporary marriage as a legal institution and this can be compared to one law in Imami jurisprudence. Sunni and Imami jurists differ on the continued legitimacy of the temporary marriage which the former believes it to be continued. Temporary marriage is legitimate in the opinion of Imami jurists and it has certain conditions that need to be observed. In Zoroastrian texts, there is no separate chapter discussing this institution but based on the remaining evidence one can infer its existence and attempt a reconstruction. In the first section of this paper, this remaining evidence, direct and indirect, will be discussed and then the main points of the comparison with Imami jurisprudence will be studied taking into consideration similarities and differences. The study shows considerable similarity although the aims and conditions are different on occasions.Abstract In Zoroastrian law, there are several indications that denote to the temporary marriage as a legal institution and this can be compared to one law in Imami jurisprudence. Sunni and Imami jurists differ on the continued legitimacy of the temporary marriage which the former believes it to be continued. Temporary marriage is legitimate in the opinion of Imami jurists and it has certain conditions that need to be observed. In Zoroastrian texts, there is no separate chapter discussing this institution but based on the remaining evidence one can infer its existence and attempt a reconstruction. In the first section of this paper, this remaining evidence, direct and indirect, will be discussed and then the main points of the comparison with Imami jurisprudence will be studied taking into consideration similarities and differences. The study shows considerable similarity although the aims and conditions are different on occasions.https://jwica.ut.ac.ir/article_58357_1763c85be76d7ce9d8e972e4f81ec7d3.pdfCenter for Women and Family Studies, University of TehranJournal of Woman in Culture and Arts2538-31087420151222The normative institutionalism, pattern in good governance and social cultural management about womenThe normative institutionalism, pattern in good governance and social cultural management about women5375545835810.22059/jwica.2015.58358FABehradRazavi AlehashemLecturer and Researcher, Faculty of Social Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranArianGholiporProfessor, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20160428This study attempts to answer the fundamental question that how the process of the normative institutionalization (institutions linked with the values and social norms), can help for good governance and management of social, cultural, community agencies? This research investigates how the representatives how can link the Islamic Consultative Assembly with the social values and norms and what the effects of this interaction are on good representatives' governance and socio-cultural management. Methodology is of descriptive and analytical type. Status is reviewed and analyzed based on available statistics as regular and periodic. The statistical population is female members of Islamic Consultative Assembly periods and the used data was collected and analyzed from the UN Human Development reports, statistical Interior Ministry sources, Statistical Center of Iran, the Islamic Consultative Assembly, and other relevant literature. The findings showed that in recent years, the average growth of women in countries' parliaments is about 20 percent which has grown by 15 percent compared with 10 years earlier. So far, in Iran, 10 parliamentary elections have been held, the tenth period with 7.96 percent has allocated the most participants of women in parliament. The results showed that personalized, administrative, social and cultural restrictions are some barriers for women’s efficient attendance in Islamic Consultative Assembly. Good women governance in Parliament can be facilitated through providing the development projects such as health care services, health, education, employment and effectiveness in the management of high levels of public, private and civil parts. In addition, it is necessary that the representatives of women participate actively in commissions, fractions, delegations and specialized forums for being more influential in the social and cultural management.This study attempts to answer the fundamental question that how the process of the normative institutionalization (institutions linked with the values and social norms), can help for good governance and management of social, cultural, community agencies? This research investigates how the representatives how can link the Islamic Consultative Assembly with the social values and norms and what the effects of this interaction are on good representatives' governance and socio-cultural management. Methodology is of descriptive and analytical type. Status is reviewed and analyzed based on available statistics as regular and periodic. The statistical population is female members of Islamic Consultative Assembly periods and the used data was collected and analyzed from the UN Human Development reports, statistical Interior Ministry sources, Statistical Center of Iran, the Islamic Consultative Assembly, and other relevant literature. The findings showed that in recent years, the average growth of women in countries' parliaments is about 20 percent which has grown by 15 percent compared with 10 years earlier. So far, in Iran, 10 parliamentary elections have been held, the tenth period with 7.96 percent has allocated the most participants of women in parliament. The results showed that personalized, administrative, social and cultural restrictions are some barriers for women’s efficient attendance in Islamic Consultative Assembly. Good women governance in Parliament can be facilitated through providing the development projects such as health care services, health, education, employment and effectiveness in the management of high levels of public, private and civil parts. In addition, it is necessary that the representatives of women participate actively in commissions, fractions, delegations and specialized forums for being more influential in the social and cultural management.https://jwica.ut.ac.ir/article_58358_598fb37d8e3a1f127b3ba7700febc92e.pdf