Literature
Shafiullah Salik; Mahsa Rone
Abstract
Color is considered one of the personality measurement criteria in modern psychology; because each color has a special effect on the mind and body of the viewer and represents his mental state. And every literary work also consciously or unconsciously expresses the thought, intellectual structure, and ...
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Color is considered one of the personality measurement criteria in modern psychology; because each color has a special effect on the mind and body of the viewer and represents his mental state. And every literary work also consciously or unconsciously expresses the thought, intellectual structure, and worldview of its creator. Also, poetry, originating from the poet's emotions and feelings, is considered a mirror of his whole mental and spiritual aspect. Max Luscher's color psychology is an approach based on which the choice of colors helps to understand the human psyche. In this research, the poetry of Forough Farrokhzad and Khaleda Forough, one of the contemporary poets of the romantic movement of Iran and Afghanistan, has been analyzed based on the mentioned theory. The quality and extent of the use of colors in their poems show that in Forough Farrokhzad's poetry, black color is the first choice, which expresses his inner conflicts, dissatisfaction, and disgust with the environment and his depression and isolation. But the frequent use of green next to black indicates his hope for changing the destiny and transformation of society. Khaleda Forough's first choice is green - a symbol of faith, freedom, and peace - and black next to it represents tyranny, suffocation, and social unrest. Examining these two poets' poetry notebooks indicates that calm and hopeful colors gradually replace dark colors. This shows their desire and hope for a better life and interest in creating suitable changes for the image pulling their emotions. In fact, by examining Luscher's applied colors in the poems of these two poets, we come to the conclusion that although Forough Farrokhzad and Khaleda Forough are both among rheumatic poets, Farrokhzad's poetry speaks of an individual self. He sees the society and the times against his will and himself as a captive who screams for liberation, but Khaleda Forough's poetry is a narration of the social ego and his cry is not his only cry, and his poems are a struggle and stand for freedom and peace in the light of faith.
Art
Tuba Mozafari nezhad; Esmaeil Najar
Abstract
The present research, with drawing from Gayatri Chakravarty Spivak's theories of "Subaltern Studies", conducts a comparative analysis of two plays: Nine Parts of Desire by Heather Raffo and Mastaneh, the History of the Forgotten by Naghmeh Samini. Spivak believes that comparative studies ...
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The present research, with drawing from Gayatri Chakravarty Spivak's theories of "Subaltern Studies", conducts a comparative analysis of two plays: Nine Parts of Desire by Heather Raffo and Mastaneh, the History of the Forgotten by Naghmeh Samini. Spivak believes that comparative studies in world literature, which today are mainly carried out in line with the logic of globalization in the capitalist era, under the domination of world powers, are not a true echo of the history and experiences of the people of that region. She believes that today, the field of literature, only is a tool to maintain the survival of Western powers, and when they intend to study others, they label them as "Third World" and look at them as an undeveloped "other". These criticisms increase when the western world deals with subordinate subjects, especially female gender, because they only present an appearance of the situation of women in the direction of their goals, which ultimately lead to a limited idealistic and essentialist policy. When representing subalterns, especially with the female gender, it only presents a shade of it, for the sake of its own goals, and reaches an idealistic and essentialist policy. But the subaltern subject, when she speaks and acts as a woman, knows that a growing and expanding gender is the best possible state for her. In the shadow of this game, it is unfortunate that another history of the oppressed, which has been neglected, should be revealed by the subjugated and marginalized people. In this research, by studying a selection of Spivak's theoretical works, namely Death of a Discipline (2003), "Can the Subaltern Speak?" (1985) and "Rethinking Comparativism” (2009), it will be illustrated that the Subaltern can express herself and her pure experiences through literature without help, correction, and global powers. . . . .
Literature
Masoumeh Nemati Ghazvini; Narges Ansari
Abstract
Nowadays, because of the special and pivotal place of women in the family and nurturing future generations; problems and issues related to women has become one of the main concerns of thinkers and intellectuals. Jalal Al-e-Ahmad (1302-1348 AHS) and Mustafa Lutfi al-Manfaluti (1876-1924 AD) are two of ...
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Nowadays, because of the special and pivotal place of women in the family and nurturing future generations; problems and issues related to women has become one of the main concerns of thinkers and intellectuals. Jalal Al-e-Ahmad (1302-1348 AHS) and Mustafa Lutfi al-Manfaluti (1876-1924 AD) are two of the social reformers and contemporary writers in the field of Persian and Arabic literature. Each of them has presented women issues and criticized its different aspects as the conditions of their own society and the specific viewpoint that they had toward social and cultural problems. The present study which has compared the works of these two writers with a descriptive-analytic method indicate the presence of many similarities in their approach to women issues which can be studied in six general areas including west oxification, freedom, social injustices, hijab, marriage, and science learning and while being similar in concepts they are presented in somewhat different writing styles when appropriate.
