Research Paper
Sociology
Somayeh Arab khorasani; Tahereh Maleki
Abstract
In order to understand the components of Iranian men's masculinity as a field of men's studies, it is possible to study oral culture and proverbs. Men's studies is one of the emerging fields of sociology and gender studies, which has taken an effective step in the direction of knowing more about men ...
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In order to understand the components of Iranian men's masculinity as a field of men's studies, it is possible to study oral culture and proverbs. Men's studies is one of the emerging fields of sociology and gender studies, which has taken an effective step in the direction of knowing more about men and investigating the behavior, expectations, attributions and inherent identity of men. Examining proverbs is important because it is a bridge between the researcher and popular culture to know as much as possible the opinions of the members of a society. This research was conducted in a qualitative way using the content analysis method. In this research, 803 proverbs with keywords man, husband, son-in-law, uncle, uncle, father and son were selected and analyzed. The analysis of the content of proverbs led to seventy-eight sub-components out of ten general components and was finally concluded with the centrality of the general component "Masculinity as a contradictory thing". The paradoxical issue of masculinity has characteristics; among which it can be pointed out that it starts from an unclear situation. The lack of clarity and ambiguity of masculinity means that it is not clear since when men have been characterized by these traits and has there ever been a time when men had different masculinity behavior from women? The second facet of masculinity as a contradictory thing is opposition and conflict with women. This is important because it is the place of investigation that for what reason and in what process being different means that the understanding is different and contradictory and finally what the difference has turned into an opposition and for that many evidences have been presented.This is important because it is the place of investigation that for what reason and in what process being different means that the understanding is different and contradictory and finally what the difference has turned into an opposition and for that many evidences have been presented.
Research Paper
Literature
Khalil Baygzade; nazanin namdari
Abstract
Identity is the process of consciously responding to one's "what and who" and Knowing the values of the historical identity of a people or a nation is helpful in realizing their important cultural, social, political and economic goals. exactly of course Cultural iconography is a science ...
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Identity is the process of consciously responding to one's "what and who" and Knowing the values of the historical identity of a people or a nation is helpful in realizing their important cultural, social, political and economic goals. exactly of course Cultural iconography is a science that examines the culture of human societies and its characteristics through literary and artistic works, and its subject is mostly the reflection of the mentality or reasoning of a person or group or nation and their image in travelogues. eastern travelers have included the image of Iranian women in their travelogues, just as world travelers such as Tavernier and Sanson have described the position, role and identity of
exactly Iranian women in the Safavid era in their travelogues and sometimes judged based on mental stereotypes. This research was carried out with the aim of explaining the position, role and identity of Iranian women of the Safavid era in the travelogues of Tavernier and Sanson based on the concept of cultural iconography in a descriptive-analytical method and examined their real view and mental stereotypes of the Iranian women of the Safavid era. The results of the research indicate that Iranian women were at the center of the real and stereotyped view of Safavid period travel writers, as beauty, marriage, fertility and having sons were the highest demands of women in
exactly the patriarchal society of this period. Of course, the patriarchal society's treatment of women in addition to beauty, marriage, acceptance of polygamy, and of course having sons has been different, as court women are not passive, but always strive to acquire skills and participate in social arenas and acquire skills such as hunting, shooting, riding horses, embroidering etc, and travel writers have also attributed this lack of passivity to common women in mental stereotypes.
Research Paper
Literature
kowsar ahsanmoghaddam; Abdollah Radmard; maryam salehi nia
Abstract
Metaphor as a symbolic and indirect language carries added and hidden meanings. Traces of gender metaphors and stereotypes can also be traced in interpretive narratives. In this research, the interpretive stories of three Persian interpretations of Rouz al- Jannan , Jala al- Azhan and Manhaj al- Sadeghin ...
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Metaphor as a symbolic and indirect language carries added and hidden meanings. Traces of gender metaphors and stereotypes can also be traced in interpretive narratives. In this research, the interpretive stories of three Persian interpretations of Rouz al- Jannan , Jala al- Azhan and Manhaj al- Sadeghin are the basis of the work. In this article, narratives that have used gender metaphors or whose content is reminiscent of gender metaphors have been selected, and then, using the qualitative content analysis method, the value of these metaphors and their relationship with gender stereotypes have been examined. Metaphors such as "the bride of the Qur'an"; "Kaab's woman"; "bed"; "Biot"; "Atbah" and "Denya" are examples of gender metaphors in these narratives, which some of them have a positive value and some others have a negative value. The most important results of this research are that most of the negative metaphors about women are formed around the role of a woman as a wife or sexual partner and emphasizing her physical aspect. These metaphors are influenced by common gender stereotypes that have a negative value . On the opposite point, most of the positive metaphors are formed around the role of mother and qualities such as kindness, creativity, originality and beginning in the role of mother . Also, this research shows that the female body is represented in two aspects: "heavenly body" and "infernal body" that the female heavenly body is a symbol of complete pleasure and benefit, and the female infernal body is a symbol of deception, sin, representation of Satan and adultery . Despite Sharia's efforts to disapprobation misogynistic attitudes, the prevalence of gender metaphors about women in different historical periods has not been significantly different among commentators and these commentators have shown their gendered attitudes consciously or unconsciously during the narratives.
Research Paper
psychology
ghodrattollah alirezaei; Gholamreza Salemian; fateme kolahchian
Abstract
In his analytical psychology, the Swiss psychiatrist Jung has proposed many examples of archetypes that can be useful criteria for measuring, reviewing, and analyzing the literary works in psychological critique. One of the most important and vital archetypes is the archetype of the "exemplary mother", ...
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In his analytical psychology, the Swiss psychiatrist Jung has proposed many examples of archetypes that can be useful criteria for measuring, reviewing, and analyzing the literary works in psychological critique. One of the most important and vital archetypes is the archetype of the "exemplary mother", which is a mental and universal image of human personality and individuality and it is manifested in both positive and negative forms. Simin Behbahani is one of the contemporary poets of Persian literature whose motherly exemplary works have been reflected in her poems. The present research, which has been done by analytical-descriptive method, seeks to discover the archeological exemplary manifestations of the mother in Simin Behbahani's poetic concepts and poetic structures and to identify their positive and negative manifestations in the light of mythological-psychological critique. The results show 60% reflection of the positive and 40% negative manifestations of the exemplary mother. She has an example in Simin's poetry; in the positive form, including respectively; frequency, plant identification, congenital, reproduction, enthusiasm and enthusiasm are the most common manifestations in the spring. In the negative aspect, the highest frequency is related to the negative seasons, death thinking, night, swamp, sterile ground.
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Research Paper
Sociology
Fatemeh Yamini; Talie Khademian; Hossein Dehqan
Abstract
Swearing, as the most obvious feature of popular rap music, changes the socio-linguistic indicators in the literature of people in society. The two-way relationship of the audience with the content of the songs is formed based on the tastes and knowledge that depend on the local situation. For example, ...
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Swearing, as the most obvious feature of popular rap music, changes the socio-linguistic indicators in the literature of people in society. The two-way relationship of the audience with the content of the songs is formed based on the tastes and knowledge that depend on the local situation. For example, in Iranian society, in the past, swearing was heard in the feudal system, boys' schools, military, labor and factories, but Today, swearing is increasingly heard in academic environments, regardless of gender, and in girls' high schools, which is in conflict with Iranian cultural symbols. The purpose of this research is to discover and investigate the mental and semantic implications of Tataloo fan girls from listening to his swearing songs, which was carried out with the qualitative method and grounded theory technique and the use of in-depth semi-structured interviews with 25 Tataloo fans.The samples were selected based on the purposeful snowball sampling. Interviews were stopped when theoretical saturation was reached. The paradigm model resulting from the interpretation of the opinions of female fans shows that acceptability of swearing songs) in connection with a set of causal conditions (social and cultural background - special situations - homophobia - attractiveness of the artist's lived experience - not getting permission and rejection from society - family background of the singer), background conditions (poverty-unemployment-isolation-lack of entertainment), intervening conditions (dominance of music industry-peer group) become meaningful. Girls justify swearing in street music by using strategies (the normality of swearing in rap style - the pleasantness of swearing) which is one of its consequences (draining energy - creating a discourse of profanity in society's literature - normalization of swearing to people around - intensification of swearing in new songs - tendency towards nihilism). The fans consider themselves and the singer to be rejected from the society and victims of oppression and discrimination, and because they lack the power to act against discrimination, they are helpless and weak people they are like helpless and weak people who are only able to express their anger by swearing.
Research Paper
Art
samareh rezaei; atieh Youzbashi
Abstract
Saqanfars are buildings related to the Qajar period, which originated from the indigenous and ritual architecture of Mazandaran. In contrast to other similar structures, pictorial themes centered on women are abundantly seen in the pictorial motifs of Saqanfar Kijatakiye wall paintings in Babylon. This ...
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Saqanfars are buildings related to the Qajar period, which originated from the indigenous and ritual architecture of Mazandaran. In contrast to other similar structures, pictorial themes centered on women are abundantly seen in the pictorial motifs of Saqanfar Kijatakiye wall paintings in Babylon. This research has been done with the aim of knowing the image themes and the reasons for the importance of the role of women. Research questions: 1- What is the reason for the abundance of women's motifs in the murals of Saqqanfar Kijatakiye Babylon compared to other Saqqanfar? 2- What are the reasons for the appearance of the role of women in Saqanfar Kijatakiye Babylon? 3- What themes have been observed in the murals of Saqanfar Kijatakiye, Babylon? The present research method is based on descriptive-analytical nature, and from each division of Saqanfar motifs in a non-random way (epic, otherworldly, symbolic and everyday activity), a specific image has been described with an iconological approach. The issue of redefining the role of women in society, family and the field of art peaked during the Qajar era. This shows the extensive developments and change of the position of women in the art of this period. On the other hand, the influence of the geographical region and the way of livelihood changed the concept of gender in the northern regions of Iran. Historical, social, political and cultural factors are important in the emergence of the main role of women. The simultaneity of the historical period of the Tekay building with the Qajar period, the fundamental changes in social relations, the style of clothing, the political position and the change in the aesthetic concepts of women and the multitude of images of women in the Qajar period indicate the direct connection of these motifs with the political-social developments that prevailed in It is the society of its time and it narrates the influence of native artists in reflecting the political and social conditions in a specific historical context.
Research Paper
Literature
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi; Setare Nobakht; Mohammad Reza Kohi
Abstract
The study of social capital in Palestine based on Pierre Bourdieu's sociological model
(Case study: the novel Al Madinah Carnival by Nozeh Ramlawi)
Abstract
Pierre Bourdieu is a contemporary French anthropologist who pays special attention to the capabilities of literature and depicting social situations. ...
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The study of social capital in Palestine based on Pierre Bourdieu's sociological model
(Case study: the novel Al Madinah Carnival by Nozeh Ramlawi)
Abstract
Pierre Bourdieu is a contemporary French anthropologist who pays special attention to the capabilities of literature and depicting social situations. According to him, the strength of a person in different fields and the extent of his participation in the management of the field of power does not depend on a specific capital, but on the volume and combination of types of capital. Since Bourdieu's critical sociology, in addition to the objective and structural dimension, also pays attention to the subjective dimension of social life, it can provide the writers with the necessary capacity to recognize the types of social capital in the novel Carnival of Al-Madinah in order to make their audience understand the conditions. Let the Palestinian community lead. Therefore, in the present study, they have evaluated this novel with a descriptive-analytical method and based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory and analyzed it in four levels of cultural, social, economic and symbolic capital. The findings of the research show that the social capital of the Palestinian people has greatly faded and caused limitations and deficiencies in their economic and cultural capital. But the strong presence of love in family and national types is considered as a significant symbolic asset in the story. The fight against the occupation and hope to remove the root restrictions is another saving and promising factor in this story. In fact, the symbolic capital can be considered as an effective lever to face the personal and social problems of the characters in the story and the Palestinian people as a whole, in difficult and chaotic social conditions. Palestinian people as a whole, in difficult and chaotic social conditions
Key words: Palestine, social capital, Pierre Bourdieu, Al-Madinah Carnival, Nezeh Ramlawi.
Research Paper
Communications
Aylin Daemi; Maryam Abachi; Seyed ali Mir Ebrahimi
Abstract
Cinema, as a cultural element in society and one of the arenas of representation of social issues, has an effective role in increasing the level of awareness of the society and reducing cognitive bias in this realm. One of the cinematic representations in this field is about violence against women and ...
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Cinema, as a cultural element in society and one of the arenas of representation of social issues, has an effective role in increasing the level of awareness of the society and reducing cognitive bias in this realm. One of the cinematic representations in this field is about violence against women and subsequently victimization of this vulnerable group. This research aims to investigate the criminological aspects of representation of women's victimization in cinematic works, in the context of lifestyle. To this purpose, the case study of Subdued (Rage Khab) movie has been done, using the directed qualitative content analysis method. The findings of this research showed that the lifestyle of the main character of the film, Mina, in the traditional society and in the absence of social and legal protections, led to the repeated and double victimization of her. In fact, Mina is a selected victim by Kamran, the male character of the film, as an attractive target in the ideal victim framework. The representation of victimization of women in this movie is a part of the reality in society. Also, since the reality of society in the realm of women's victimization is far more serious than its representation in cinematic works, and not paying attention to this important component can leave irreparable effects on the structure of society, as a result of this research and for preventing of violence against women, the necessity of cinematic works production without cultural censorship are emphasized. Thus, cinema with the preventive approach of initial victimization of women due to the lifestyles-exposure, through sensitization, awareness, immunization; and also by focusing on preventing the secondary victimization of women through efficiency in changing the structural factors of victimization, especially eliminating of discrimination against women, in the society and the possibility of accessing all women who have been experienced victimization in any form and in any framework to the criminal justice system, can be effective in reducing the victimization of women in the society.
Research Paper
Art
niloofar shafiee
Abstract
Biological and gender, as well as social distinctions, generally creates differences with the inferiority of women in the society, and finally, it has taken the rights of inequality and possibilities. which can be seen in art. Since Islam favors the equality between men and women, therefore women and ...
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Biological and gender, as well as social distinctions, generally creates differences with the inferiority of women in the society, and finally, it has taken the rights of inequality and possibilities. which can be seen in art. Since Islam favors the equality between men and women, therefore women and men have the same position in God's place. And in terms of freedom, right and rights, moral and religious responsibilities are the same. Islam believes that men and women are complementary to each other, and one is not preferable to the other. However, from the beginning of Islam until today, distinctions between men and women can be seen in most areas. One of the most important cognitive characteristics of humans, especially in the modern era and after, is the issue of gender identity, through which the border between oneself and the other can be perceived and the scope of defining and understanding the essence of a person is determined. The reflection of this issue in the works of contemporary artists, especially Muslim female artists, can be studied and analyzed as a serious concern. Based on the works of three contemporary Muslim female artists in the Islamic world, namely Mona Hatum, Lala Al-Sidi and Bushra Almutawakel, the current research aims to answer the question of which factors reflect the gender identity in the works of these three artists and how each of them Is. Have they reflected it in their works? In the current research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the information was collected through library documents by collecting books, books and websites. The methods of analysis are qualitative.By examining and analyzing the works of these three artists, it comes to the conclusion that it explores gender identity, in addition to the works of Western artists, among Muslim artists, women can also be considered. The results indicate that factors such as discrimination, sexist society, the position of women in Islamic society and the spread of religious extremism have shown gender identity in this artist. And they have reflected these factors in their works through photography, video and the use of writing factors.
Research Paper
Sociology
Masoomeh Taghizadegan
Abstract
In many cultures, weaving and knitting as a profession and industry are mostly the work of men, and home sewing and weaving, that is, as far as it is placed in the territory of the home, are mostly the work of women. Especially in the modern era, when the distinction between the workplace and the home ...
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In many cultures, weaving and knitting as a profession and industry are mostly the work of men, and home sewing and weaving, that is, as far as it is placed in the territory of the home, are mostly the work of women. Especially in the modern era, when the distinction between the workplace and the home led to the distinction between men's professional sewing and women's knitting and needlework. The purpose of this article is to deal with the works of contemporary Iranian women artists who, inspired by sewing and weaving, are searching for a feminine language. As described by Luce Irigaray, feminine language is for expressing women's experiences and understanding and receiving women. In this article, the question is followed that how and with what methods have the female visual arts artists turned knitting and sewing into a way to search for the language of female identity?
To answer this question by combining the methods of "Trend analysis" and "Event Study", five art exhibitions were studied and analyzed; include: "Tajali Ehsas" (1371 to 1388), "sew+zan" (1395), "Women Create" (1398), "Nakhsh" (1398) and "Pressbook" (period 1398 to 1400).
The results show the changes in the experience of contemporary Iranian women artists during the 1370s to 1400s (1990s-2020s) in the use of sewing and weaving. Sewing and knitting in the works of some Iranian female painters has been a symbol of desirable femininity, especially in the artistic event for women titled "Tajali Ehsas" during the 1370s, when artists used sewing and knitting as maternal femininity and women's skills in the context of domestic work and Sometimes they portrayed traditional and rural; However, following the socio-cultural changes of the 1380s, in artistic events such as the exhibition "sew+zan" and "Women Create" and "Pressbook", we witnessed the use of sewing and knitting as a critical and linguistic action for rethinking the identity of women by female artists in the decade. We are in 1380 and 1390
Research Paper
Literature
Chiman Mohammadi bytambar; mohamadnabi ahmadi
Abstract
Criticism of the position of women in Libyan society is one of the characteristics of the novel " Bread on Uncle Milad's table", the selected novel of the 2022 Arab Booker and written by the contemporary Libyan writer Mohammad Al-Naas. This novel contains a significant number of female ...
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Criticism of the position of women in Libyan society is one of the characteristics of the novel " Bread on Uncle Milad's table", the selected novel of the 2022 Arab Booker and written by the contemporary Libyan writer Mohammad Al-Naas. This novel contains a significant number of female characters and expresses their conditions, opinions and thoughts in a society with a patriarchal culture and a gendered view of women, and with bitter descriptions of the women in the story and their fate, it considers the root of their helplessness to be patriarchy, which prevents their talents from emerging. will be Due to the reflection of the critical view of Mohammad Al-Naas in the context of the mentioned novel and in accordance with the critical aesthetic view of the Frankfurt School that art and literature should fight with the existing conditions with a negative and oppositional approach in order to reach the desired conditions, we decided to write the novel Based on this theory, let's examine it in a descriptive-analytical way. This article is an attempt to analyze and examine this critical point of view. The findings of the research show that Mohammad Al-Naas's point of view is compatible with the critical approach of the Frankfurt School and it shows that he has criticized their situation in society with the objective of informing the society and improving the status of women, with an opposing and negative point of view. By creating a contrast between traditional and modern women in her story, she criticizes the ruling patriarchal system and the oppressions that have been inflicted on women, and with the help of male characters against the patriarchal system, she tries to inform the women and men of her society about their position. A woman and her prominent role in the family and society.
Research Paper
Literature
نرجس ghabeli; alireza asadi; ali soltani
Abstract
As a cultural product, the novel represents a society with various discourses. Each of these discourses, with their own configurations, are constantly trying to find their ideal to make their meanings hegemonic. The current research is an attempt to analyze the discourse semiotics of gender with an emphasis ...
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As a cultural product, the novel represents a society with various discourses. Each of these discourses, with their own configurations, are constantly trying to find their ideal to make their meanings hegemonic. The current research is an attempt to analyze the discourse semiotics of gender with an emphasis on the theory of "Laclau "and "Mouffe" in the two novels "This street has no speed bumps" and "Rahesh". Based on this, the main issue in the current research is how "gender" is represented in these novels.Also, how gender thoughts have been reflected through the author's mentality in writing the novel and what is the author's point of view towards them. In terms of methodology, the upcoming research is considered a descriptive and qualitative research, which data collection is done by library method. According to this method, the analysis of the novel includes three levels: textual analysis, intertextual analysis and contextual analysis. Textual analysis is dedicated to the semiotics of the novel's characters and finding the discourse order of the novel; In intertextual analysis, each novel is compared with novels of the same period, and in contextual analysis, the relationship of the novel with the larger social space is examined.Finally, the analysis of the propositions revealed that the main concern and theme of the novels; The obvious conflict between tradition and modernity lies in the social construction of gender, which is implicitly included in the inner layers of the text and lexical reflection, and the main characters and theme of the novels; The obvious conflict between tradition and modernity lies in the social construction of gender, which is implicitly included in the inner layers of the text and lexical reflection, and the main characters of the novels are in the conflict between the biological construction of gender and its social construction at all stages.
Research Paper
Historic
Abstract
Nazism and women:
Reflection of Nazi attitudes about women in the weekly newspaper "Nameh Iran-e Bastan"
Abstract:
In the contemporary world, women have been considered in different ways as a subject for propagandizing modernism, religious traditionalism, a criterion for the development of ...
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Nazism and women:
Reflection of Nazi attitudes about women in the weekly newspaper "Nameh Iran-e Bastan"
Abstract:
In the contemporary world, women have been considered in different ways as a subject for propagandizing modernism, religious traditionalism, a criterion for the development of citizenship rights, etc. In the doctrine of the National Socialist Party of Germany, women were considered as a means to increase the population and increase the political-military power of the country. In Iran, at the same time, the approach to the women as a means of modernity and a factor for increase of population and to create a strong central government was noticed in some Journals such as "Nameh-h Iran Bastan". This research seeks to answer the question that what was the position of women in this Journal and how were the views and program of Nazi Germany reflected in it? This research was carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on the content analysis of the weekly newspaper "Nameh Iran Bastan" during the 4 years of its publication. Nameh Iran Bastan was started in 1933 under the management of Abdul Rahman Saif Azad, who was a pro German Nazism party, when Hitler came to power in Germany and continued until 1936.
The results of research shows that according to defense of this weekly newspaper to fascism, along with a modern understanding of the women in the society, they are mentioned as an effective tool for childbearing and as a result increasing the military power of the country. Contrary to the traditional view that does not allow women to enter the field of sports and political-social activities, in this modern view women are semi-divine beings in terms of the creation of the nation, who, while entering the field of social activity, he should do her most important duty, i.e. childbearing and upbringing them.
Key words: First Pahlavi, Modernity, Nazism, Procreation, Women.
Research Paper
Art
Ghufran Brimo; Effatolsadat Afzaltousi
Abstract
Illustrating children's book covers plays a significant role as a medium in conveying cultural concepts to them. Images that reference specific cultural concepts of a community or a region can indirectly strengthen the cultural identity of children.
The present study aims to answer the question ...
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Illustrating children's book covers plays a significant role as a medium in conveying cultural concepts to them. Images that reference specific cultural concepts of a community or a region can indirectly strengthen the cultural identity of children.
The present study aims to answer the question of how the cultural identity of girls and women is depicted in the cover illustrations of children's stories in Arabic-speaking countries. Therefore, with the goal of understanding cultural identity, especially Arab identity among Arab-speaking girls and women, the study has conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis. In this regard, 249 cover designs from six Arab countries including Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates were examined for the age group (B). The research method is analytical-comparative.
The results show that Arab girls' identity is expressed through Islamic adornments, while the identity of adult women is depicted through botanical decorations, historical symbols, and wearing the veil. the identity of elderly women is emphasized with a focus on the veil, which is one of the most prominent visual symbols. However, this symbol is less prominent in Lebanon and Syria.The results indicate that the UAE is the richest country in terms of cultural visual symbols, while Syria is the weakest in this regard. Arab girls' and women's faces are prominent in most images, and the palm tree, a symbol of natural geography, plays a significant role in Arab identity, especially in Iraqi publications. Decorations also play an important role in representing the Islamic identity of these Arab countries, but they have had a minimal impact on showcasing the local identity of each country. Older women on the cover illustrations are often veiled, and the veil is one of the most prominent visual symbols. However, in Lebanon and Syria, this symbol is less prominent across all age groups. It seems that a general conclusion can be drawn that the identity of Arab girls and women on the covers of children's books in Arabic-speaking countries in the present study is a blend of Arab and Islamic identity, with a particular emphasis on geographical and natural symbols.
Research Paper
Historic
mohammadjavad najafi; Mohammed Hussain ragby Davani; mohammad sepehri
Abstract
Recognizing and examining historical examples of the position and performance of women poets in early Islamic countries and their comparison, in addition to being novel and new in terms of research, is discussed here as the main issue of the article. The purpose of the research is to determine the importance ...
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Recognizing and examining historical examples of the position and performance of women poets in early Islamic countries and their comparison, in addition to being novel and new in terms of research, is discussed here as the main issue of the article. The purpose of the research is to determine the importance of the Messenger of God (pbuh) to the position of women poets and to consider their role in the political and social arenas by him and to compare the performance of the governments of the so-called rightly caliphs with the life of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) in This is the case. In this regard, the research question is proposed as follows; To what extent did the governments of the three caliphs and Hazrat Ali (AS) pay attention to the position of women poets according to the performance of the Prophet's government?The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting library and documentary data. The findings of this research show that most of the narratives about the position and influence of women poets of the Islamic government at the beginning of Islam were related to the era of Prophetic and Alawi rule, which is derived from two schools of thought and two different management styles in this regard. The first one tries to adjust the position of Muslim women poets based on religious criteria and thus improve it, and the second one tries to adjust this position as he likes based on personal theories and individual tastes taken from the local environment before Islam and the interests ahead. acts government at the beginning of Islam were related to the era of Prophetic and Alawi rule, which is derived from two schools of thought and two different management styles in this regard. The first one tries to adjust the position of Muslim women poets based on religious criteria and thus improve it, and the second one tries to adjust this position as he likes based on personal theories and individual tastes taken from the local environment before Islam and the
Research Paper
Literature
mohsen seifi; samaneh dehghani; ali najafi ivaki
Abstract
Feminist criticism highlights women and their position in society. Alati Ta’ud al Salalim (She who counts the stairs) is a novel written by Huda Hamed, an Omani writer. In her novel, she takes a critical approach to women’s position in society and addresses concepts like social class inequality ...
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Feminist criticism highlights women and their position in society. Alati Ta’ud al Salalim (She who counts the stairs) is a novel written by Huda Hamed, an Omani writer. In her novel, she takes a critical approach to women’s position in society and addresses concepts like social class inequality among women, their cultural challenges, and male dominance. The present study aims to investigate this novel based on four models of gynocriticism proposed by Elaine Showalter, including biological, linguistics, psychoanalytic, and cultural models.. Using prominent linguistic features such as vocabulary and Arabic dialect in reflecting women’s issues and their cultural challenges like women trafficking and physical abuse in her work, Hamed has created an impressive and informative work. The results of the study revealed that she has succeeded in identifying women considering women’s social and cultural issues. Moreover, the high frequency of the components of Showalter’s model in the novel under study confirms its feministic nature. The women’s cultural aspect is so highlighted in its narrative that the fundamental and deep cultural concerns are mentioned in the shadow of the biological and psychoanalytic issues. This research seeks to answer this question: “how does the writer reflect women’s components in her novel?” She has raised issues like delivery, female circumcision, and pregnancy, considering the biological model. In terms of the psychoanalytic model, she has mentioned obsessions, compulsions, sleep, and bipolarity. Using prominent linguistic features such as vocabulary and Arabic dialect in reflecting women’s issues and their cultural challenges like women trafficking and physical abuse in her work, Hamed has created an impressive and informative work. The results of the study revealed that she has succeeded in identifying women considering women’s social and cultural issues. Moreover, the high frequency of the components of Showalter’s model in the novel under study confirms its feministic nature. The women’s cultural aspect is so highlighted in its narrative that the fundamental and deep cultural concerns are mentioned in the shadow of the biological and psychoanalytic issues.
Research Paper
Literature
Shafiullah Salik; Mahsa Rone
Abstract
Color is considered one of the personality measurement criteria in modern psychology; because each color has a special effect on the mind and body of the viewer and represents his mental state. And every literary work also consciously or unconsciously expresses the thought, intellectual structure, and ...
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Color is considered one of the personality measurement criteria in modern psychology; because each color has a special effect on the mind and body of the viewer and represents his mental state. And every literary work also consciously or unconsciously expresses the thought, intellectual structure, and worldview of its creator. Also, poetry, originating from the poet's emotions and feelings, is considered a mirror of his whole mental and spiritual aspect. Max Luscher's color psychology is an approach based on which the choice of colors helps to understand the human psyche. In this research, the poetry of Forough Farrokhzad and Khaleda Forough, one of the contemporary poets of the romantic movement of Iran and Afghanistan, has been analyzed based on the mentioned theory. The quality and extent of the use of colors in their poems show that in Forough Farrokhzad's poetry, black color is the first choice, which expresses his inner conflicts, dissatisfaction, and disgust with the environment and his depression and isolation. But the frequent use of green next to black indicates his hope for changing the destiny and transformation of society. Khaleda Forough's first choice is green - a symbol of faith, freedom, and peace - and black next to it represents tyranny, suffocation, and social unrest. Examining these two poets' poetry notebooks indicates that calm and hopeful colors gradually replace dark colors. This shows their desire and hope for a better life and interest in creating suitable changes for the image pulling their emotions. In fact, by examining Luscher's applied colors in the poems of these two poets, we come to the conclusion that although Forough Farrokhzad and Khaleda Forough are both among rheumatic poets, Farrokhzad's poetry speaks of an individual self. He sees the society and the times against his will and himself as a captive who screams for liberation, but Khaleda Forough's poetry is a narration of the social ego and his cry is not his only cry, and his poems are a struggle and stand for freedom and peace in the light of faith.
Research Paper
Literature
zahra mohagheghian
Abstract
Investigating the relationship between gender and colonialism is one of the important and significant issues in critical studies of colonial discourse, knowing its quality and manner, in addition to helping to expand colonial studies, to recognize the broad dimensions of gender, especially the different ...
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Investigating the relationship between gender and colonialism is one of the important and significant issues in critical studies of colonial discourse, knowing its quality and manner, in addition to helping to expand colonial studies, to recognize the broad dimensions of gender, especially the different roles of women, at the same time A phenomenon like colonialism also helps. Sarah Mills is one of the contemporary literary feminists who, with a feminine and critical perspective, shows that women's texts play a role in the expansion and development of colonialism and can be active activists, contrary to the neglect of the colonialist current. Considering the poverty of Persian literature in this field, this article tries to take a look at Mills's theory and after reviewing its achievements, by analyzing one of the examples analyzed by him, to consider the various angles of this theory in a practical way. At the end, some of the strengths and weaknesses of this theory are discussed, with the hope that it will initiate new discussions among Persian speakers and women's rights activists. The findings of this research show that Mills is actually trying to take a step to get rid of external colonialism by decolonizing from within. Therefore, her effort is more than criticizing women, as a feminist, she wrote in the direction of valuing women's texts and proving the creativity of women in creating works of art.
At the end, some of the strengths and weaknesses of this theory are discussed, with the hope that it will initiate new discussions among Persian speakers and women's rights activists. The findings of this research show that Mills is actually trying to take a step to get rid of external colonialism by decolonizing from within. Therefore, her effort is more than criticizing women, as a feminist, she wrote in the direction of valuing women's texts and proving the creativity of women in creating works of art.
Research Paper
Art
Yaghoub Azhand; shahrokh amirian doost
Abstract
The Long Story of the Snake and the Man (1976--78) is a work by Simin Daneshvar, based on mythical narratives, sacred texts and religious narratives. The theoretical basis of this paper in the study and study of the intertextual contribution of the narrations mentioned in the construction and payment ...
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The Long Story of the Snake and the Man (1976--78) is a work by Simin Daneshvar, based on mythical narratives, sacred texts and religious narratives. The theoretical basis of this paper in the study and study of the intertextual contribution of the narrations mentioned in the construction and payment of that literary work is Laurent Genie's theoretical definition of the concept of intertextuality in the article "Strategy of Forms", in which he proposes in the difference between his conception of intertextuality (known as soft intertextuality) and the intertextuality of Yulia Christova (known as hard intertextuality); The intertextuality should be mentioned when elements beyond the lexical unit of the proto text can be retrieved in the new text. In other words, the relationship between the texts is more than lexical and formal relationships; genetically related the intertextual relationship of two texts with each other not with the vague and mysterious sum of the effects of one on the other, but with the degree of interconnection between the two texts and how one influences the other, and emphasizes the two types of intertextuality "strong" and "weak". In his view, when two texts communicate in at least two formal and thematic aspects, "strong intertextuality" is established, and when texts stop communicating on one of these two levels, "weak intertextuality" is established. The present study is a qualitative study in terms of type.The research data is provided from library sources. Data analysis is done by descriptive-analytical method. The essay thus explains the Marr and the man text from the perspective of the reader's perspective with the relationship of the application of female personality and intertextuality. The intertextuality should be mentioned when elements beyond the lexical unit of the proto text can be retrieved in the new text. In other words, the relationship between the texts is more than lexical and formal relationships; genetically related the intertextual relationship of two texts with each other not with the vague and mysterious sum of the effects of one on the other, but with the degree of interconnection between the two texts and how one influences the other.
Research Paper
Art
Tuba Mozafari nezhad; Esmaeil Najar
Abstract
The present research, with drawing from Gayatri Chakravarty Spivak's theories of "Subaltern Studies", conducts a comparative analysis of two plays: Nine Parts of Desire by Heather Raffo and Mastaneh, the History of the Forgotten by Naghmeh Samini. Spivak believes that comparative studies ...
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The present research, with drawing from Gayatri Chakravarty Spivak's theories of "Subaltern Studies", conducts a comparative analysis of two plays: Nine Parts of Desire by Heather Raffo and Mastaneh, the History of the Forgotten by Naghmeh Samini. Spivak believes that comparative studies in world literature, which today are mainly carried out in line with the logic of globalization in the capitalist era, under the domination of world powers, are not a true echo of the history and experiences of the people of that region. She believes that today, the field of literature, only is a tool to maintain the survival of Western powers, and when they intend to study others, they label them as "Third World" and look at them as an undeveloped "other". These criticisms increase when the western world deals with subordinate subjects, especially female gender, because they only present an appearance of the situation of women in the direction of their goals, which ultimately lead to a limited idealistic and essentialist policy. When representing subalterns, especially with the female gender, it only presents a shade of it, for the sake of its own goals, and reaches an idealistic and essentialist policy. But the subaltern subject, when she speaks and acts as a woman, knows that a growing and expanding gender is the best possible state for her. In the shadow of this game, it is unfortunate that another history of the oppressed, which has been neglected, should be revealed by the subjugated and marginalized people. In this research, by studying a selection of Spivak's theoretical works, namely Death of a Discipline (2003), "Can the Subaltern Speak?" (1985) and "Rethinking Comparativism” (2009), it will be illustrated that the Subaltern can express herself and her pure experiences through literature without help, correction, and global powers. . . . .
Research Paper
Art
Abstract
With the entry of man into civil life, the development of social and cultural activities and the formation of religious beliefs, the body, clothes and cultures were formed. The management of the body and its relationship with the social and cultural realms (sociology of the body) defines man as a corporeal ...
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With the entry of man into civil life, the development of social and cultural activities and the formation of religious beliefs, the body, clothes and cultures were formed. The management of the body and its relationship with the social and cultural realms (sociology of the body) defines man as a corporeal agent. In other words, being in the world and human consciousness is determined by the body. Clothing is a symbolic arrangement and is influenced by social events that is placed on the body. With human socialization, his body is defined as a tool for social control and some bodily actions become important. Body management, in the sense of continuous monitoring and manipulation of appearance features, has a direct relationship with choosing the type of clothing. Question: What are the factors influencing the selection of women's social clothing, with Foucault's and Giddens' body management approach? The aim of the research is to know the factors of women's social dress selection for body display according to the body management approach. The research method is analytical, correlation and survey and information collection, library and field. The statistical population of 20 to 30-year-old Tehrani women and the sample number is 384 people, and the data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire using a simple random method. The findings showed that body management is variable in social structures. Sometimes the choice of social clothing is to match the thinking of others in the society and as a tool of power; Sometimes it is to achieve positive acceptances and in line with social activities. Based on the results obtained from the two-by-two correlation coefficients between the dimensions of factors affecting the choice of social clothing from the perspective of Foucault and Giddens among the women of Tehran, a significant value was obtained in all cases less than 0.05. Therefore, the existence of a two-by-two correlation between the social factors affecting the choice of women's social clothing was confirmed with the five factors in the opinions of Foucault and Giddens.
Research Paper
Art
الهه Panjehbashi; motahareh seifi
Abstract
In the second half of his rule, Shah Tahmasb Safavi took the path of extremism. In this regard, women, especially court women, stayed at home. Tahmasabi's Falnama (962-967 AH) was written in the same period and by his order. Ervin Panofsky (1892-1968) is one of the art history researchers who methodized ...
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In the second half of his rule, Shah Tahmasb Safavi took the path of extremism. In this regard, women, especially court women, stayed at home. Tahmasabi's Falnama (962-967 AH) was written in the same period and by his order. Ervin Panofsky (1892-1968) is one of the art history researchers who methodized iconology. He attributed three levels of meaning to the reading of the work of art, in which the researcher looks for the symbolic values of a society that the artist unconsciously reflects in his work. This research seeks to answer the question that according to Ervin Panofsky's opinion, what institutionalized belief about women is reflected in the painting of the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise in Tahmasbi's Falnama?
The aim of the research is to find the roots of Shah Tahmasib's beliefs about the position of women and its reflection in the painting of the expulsion of Adam and Eve from heaven in Tahmasbi's Falnama.
The research is conducted in a qualitative and comparative-analytical manner and its purpose is fundamental. The method of collecting materials has been done in a library style and with an iconological approach. A statistical example is the painting of the expulsion of Adam and Eve from heaven in Tahmasabi's Falnama. Conclusion: The image is influenced by the Qur'an, but there are elements in the image (Adam's reproachful state towards Eve, peacock, snake-dragon) that are not found in the Qur'an. So, the artist was inspired by other texts that were taken from ancient sources. It seems that the root of women's restrictions in this period can be seen as extreme beliefs that come from ancient metamorphoses such as the war between male and female gender
s, Eve's committing the first sin and blaming the female gender; Therefore, the painting is a document that reflects these beliefs about women in the patriarchal society of Shah Tahmasab's era.
Research Paper
Literature
Sayad Panahi; Hamid Valizadeh; mahin hajizadeh
Abstract
Today, feminist ideas and images are a suitable tool for checking the feminist level of the work, its author and the extent to which it has a feminist structure. In the meantime, the theory of the four dimensions of "Elaine Showalter", the famous American artist of the 20th century, including ...
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Today, feminist ideas and images are a suitable tool for checking the feminist level of the work, its author and the extent to which it has a feminist structure. In the meantime, the theory of the four dimensions of "Elaine Showalter", the famous American artist of the 20th century, including the biological, cultural, psychoanalytical and linguistic approaches, provides this opportunity for women's criticism of the work, and by relying on it, the position of women can be In the literary works of female writers and male writers, recognition. Therefore, the present research has tried to select a novel by by Ahlam Mostaghanami titled an Algerian female writer entitled " Body memory " and a novel by an Iranian female writer Nasim Marashi entitled " prune " for criticism of women's writing and based on the linguistic dimension of Elaine Showalter's four dimensions. to discuss in order to get a clearer picture of the situation of women and their ideas and idealsconclusion. Considering Elaine Showalter's theory, it can be said that both novels are in the stage of feminism. In addition to this tradition, signs of the feminine stage can also be seen in those two; Therefore, due to the fact that the novels in question belong to the feminist and feminine writing tradition, they have significantly the characteristics of female criticism. In terms of the use of linguistic components, for example, the word hey related to colors and its abundant and combined use, as the main component of women, it has occupied the most place in both works. However, regarding the vocabulary related to women, this component has a lower frequency in both works. Detail and short sentences are widely used in both works. This linguistic component has been used explicitly and repeatedly with less interference from culture and the transfigured minds of village characters from the heart of culture.
Research Paper
Art
Maryam Nikravesh; Abbas Namjoo
Abstract
Women's clothing has gone through many changes as a social phenomenon after the Islamic revolution. and the street style of everyday clothing has also diversified. Considering that the artistic type is one of the common styles of clothing in recent decades and one of the subcultures that make up ...
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Women's clothing has gone through many changes as a social phenomenon after the Islamic revolution. and the street style of everyday clothing has also diversified. Considering that the artistic type is one of the common styles of clothing in recent decades and one of the subcultures that make up the Iranian culture, The present research has been conducted with the aim of understanding the artsy fashion style in the clothing tendencies of girls and women in Tehran. It aims to answer the proportion of women and girls' tendency towards artistic type clothing and the factors influencing it The sample size 123 was selected from both artistic and of artistic groups. Data collection was conducted using a researcher-designed questionnaire. Data analysis was done by SPS software.
The findings show that there is a relationship between the field of study and artistic jobs in the tendency towards the artistic type. The findings show that there is a relationship between the field of study and artistic jobs in the tendency towards the artistic type. The research findings indicate that there is a correlation between
, a significant connection has been found between diversity and freedom in design and color, accessories, the appeal of combining traditional, modern, and handcrafted patterns, creativity, and boldness in the tendency of artistic fashion style clothing.
The research findings indicate that there is a correlation between the establishment of venues like cultural centers and art institute, the rise of university-affiliated and non-university-affiliated artists, , Rethinking women's identity in Iranian society, social transformations, Expansion of advertisements on social network , and the Formation and inclination towards artistic fashion style.
The results show that artistic type is more abundant among artists. Family origin has no effect on this type of style. The grouping of non-artistic fields and occupations showed that the artistic type as one of the special subculture styles has an influence on other members of the society. Due to the diversity and wide range of designs, colors, and models, the artistic type showed the greatest influence in the development of the artistic type.
Research Paper
Art
Seyede Fereshteh Ehsani Oskouei; Jamal- E-Din Mahdinejad
Abstract
With women's increased presence at home, they are disproportionately affected by unfavorable living conditions. This situation makes it essential to consider their lifestyle, needs, and preferences when designing housing. This study employed an exploratory approach, using qualitative research methods ...
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With women's increased presence at home, they are disproportionately affected by unfavorable living conditions. This situation makes it essential to consider their lifestyle, needs, and preferences when designing housing. This study employed an exploratory approach, using qualitative research methods such as semi-structured interviews and observations to collect data. The sample consisted of twenty purposefully selected women aged 20 to 40 residing in Tehran province. The data collected from interviews was coded using MAX QDA software, resulting in the identification of key themes and patterns. Besides that, behavior-oriented and spatial-oriented diagrams were drawn based on field observations of residential units. The findings highlight the pivotal role of rooms within residential spaces in women's lives, and it revealed that the contemporary social, economic, and cultural conditions of Iran have shaped a distinct lifestyle among women in this age, significantly impacting their housing preferences. Key design components for rooms in residential apartment units, based on the perspectives of young women, include perceived environmental characteristics such as “efficiency and functionality, beauty and order, privacy, flexibility and adaptability, cleanliness, and hygiene”. Additionally, physical attributes such as “the number of closets and storage spaces, lighting, room size and its other proportions, spatial configuration, noise pollution, interior furniture and its arrangement, texture, and color of materials, window views and their exposure, ventilation conditions, heating and cooling, the number of bedrooms, and form and geometry “.To accommodate the lifestyle of young women, it is important to consider suitable spaces for sleeping, working, and leisure, as well as ensuring personal solitude and incorporating individual tastes and cultural sensitivities in room design. These findings have practical implications for architects, interior designers, and developers involved in housing design. By incorporating the identified design components, housing can be tailored to meet the multifaceted requirements of young women, promoting their comfort and satisfaction.
Research Paper
Literature
Ayoob Moradi; mansoureh shahriyari
Abstract
Shohalter's approach, known for its critique of the current state and tradition of women's writing, provides a platform for examining women's literature through the lens of gender differences. Shohalter analyzes literary content and structure by considering biological, linguistic, psychological, and ...
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Shohalter's approach, known for its critique of the current state and tradition of women's writing, provides a platform for examining women's literature through the lens of gender differences. Shohalter analyzes literary content and structure by considering biological, linguistic, psychological, and cultural factors. The protagonist of this story is a lonely woman who is unjustly driven away from her home due to false accusations by her husband and becomes a wanderer in Tehran. In the novel, male characters, collectively or individually, play a role in the protagonist's tragic fate, while female characters, despite their futile efforts, strive to support her. The author creates an imaginary place called "Goran" to depict the historical oppression of women by a male-dominated culture. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of Iranian women's writing in the novel "Peyadeh" using Shohalter's fourfold approach through a descriptive-analytical method. The results demonstrate that topics such as pregnancy and childbirth, relationships with men, maternal attributes, and connections among women can be examined from a biological, psychological, and linguistic perspective based on Shohalter's framework. Furthermore, a notable stylistic feature of the text is its unique blend of native Iranian narrative style, combining third-person and first-person perspectives with the utilization of emotional sentences, reminiscent of storytelling among Iranian women
Research Paper
Art
ameneh mafitabar
Abstract
The art of the first Qajar period is tied to FathAli Shah's name, while the achievements of the second period are accredited to NaserAddin Shah. The main aim of this study is to compare the style of make-up, clothing, jewelry, and body portrayals of women in six Qajar Muraqqas. So, the question ...
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The art of the first Qajar period is tied to FathAli Shah's name, while the achievements of the second period are accredited to NaserAddin Shah. The main aim of this study is to compare the style of make-up, clothing, jewelry, and body portrayals of women in six Qajar Muraqqas. So, the question is: How does comparing the style of make-up, clothing, jewelry, and body portrayals of women in six Qajar Muraqqas can elucidate the similarities and differences of women's portrayal in the two historical periods of Qajar?The current qualitative research studies the Qajar art with a historical approach, in an analytical and comparative method. Thus, this developmental research achieved its goal by collecting data in the form of documents and using note-taking and picture-reading methods. The findings demonstrate that Qajar Muraqqa-making represents the artistic characteristics of court portraiture in the common artistic style of the first period of Qajar's reign. In the second period, it emphasizes the features of court painting. In response to the question of the study: The portrayal style of women in the first period emphasizes the ornamental items. The features are observably expressed via slim bodies and additional cosmetic items. The clothes are made of expensive materials and there can be seen accessories such as fans and tambourines in their hands. Meanwhile, despite court portraiture, the background is pictured negligently and simplistically incomplete. In the Muraqqas of the second period, the portrayal style of women is more realistic and their body is more natural. The ornamental styles and flamboyant expensive jeweleries are avoided and even women are pictured in their outdoor attire. Women's clothing style, changes according to the fashion of the era. But the background is still out of details so that, like graphic Muraqqas of the first period, the viewer has to imagine a vague place indoors or outdoors
Research Paper
Historic
Javad Nazarimoghaddam
Abstract
Changing the clothes and removing the hijab from Iranian women is one of the most important and challenging cultural and social measures in the first Pahlavi period, which was carried out with the aim of modernizing Iranian society and realizing the western development model. The disproportion of the ...
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Changing the clothes and removing the hijab from Iranian women is one of the most important and challenging cultural and social measures in the first Pahlavi period, which was carried out with the aim of modernizing Iranian society and realizing the western development model. The disproportion of the veil removal law with the requirements and national and religious values of the Iranian society and its imposition by the government on the people with the aim of removing the veil, led to widespread opposition from various social groups. The study of this part of the contemporary history of Iran provides a clear picture of the cultural policies of the Pahlavi period and how the Iranian society faced it. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate how the people of Gilan faced the veil removal law by adopting a descriptive and analytical approach and using documents related to the period of veil removal in the Pahlavi period. The findings of this research, while not confirming the results of previous studies regarding the lack of significant resistance of the people of Gilan against the veil removal law, show that the necessary ground and platform for the acceptance of veiling in Gilan as in other regions of Iran is not available and the people of Gilan They have shown resistance against this action that is incompatible with the culture and identity of the Iranian society. show that the necessary ground and platform for the acceptance of veiling in Gilan as in other regions of Iran is not available and the people of Gilan They have shown resistance against this action that is incompatible with the culture and identity of the Iranian society.
Changing the clothes and removing the hijab from Iranian women is one of the most important and challenging cultural and social measures in the first Pahlavi period, which was carried out with the aim of modernizing Iranian society and realizing the western development model.
Research Paper
Sociology
Halimeh Enayat; Marzieh Askari
Abstract
Abstarct
Art is an essential part of the culture of a society and artworks can represent the cultural, social, political and economic status of the society through their themes. The material for analysis in this research is the text of the drama "Drought and Lie" written by Mohammad Yaghoubi ...
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Abstarct
Art is an essential part of the culture of a society and artworks can represent the cultural, social, political and economic status of the society through their themes. The material for analysis in this research is the text of the drama "Drought and Lie" written by Mohammad Yaghoubi in the 1380s. The purpose of this research is to study the concept of gender in the mentioned text to recognize that, in which discourses this concept is produced or reproduced with considering the social conditions of the society of Iran in the 1380s. Accordingly, to achieve this purpose, gender-related theories have been cited from the biological, cultural, and discourse aspects. In the research methodology section, among the various approaches of critical discourse analysis, Ruth Wodak's discourse-historical approach has been chosen, due to, it considers the historical-social backgrounds of the texts for analysis. By exploiting the historical-social horizons of the 1380s and analyzing the text of the drama by using the Wodak's fivefold strategies for studing the linguistic aspects of words, phrases and key contents of the text, the result of the research shows that in the drama "Drought and Lie", the definition of gender and gender roles is presented in a state, among the traditional official dominant discourse and the modern discourse (as the rival discourse), which was established in 1380s. The final conclusion discusses that, the author of drama "Drought and Lie" has been successful to represent the position of Iran's transitional society towards modernity in the 1380s and the consequences of the cultural changes in the private sphere of family and marital relations. The contradictional and incompatible perspectives of his characters about the notion of gender, refer to different discourse orders of 1380s, that are competing to gain the cultural hegemony in the society. It is noteworthy to point out that the characters of this drama, portray the identified contradictios of culture of this historical era, so well through their speeches and behaviors.
Research Paper
Literature
Hamida dehghanih; Arman Hedari; Reza Rezaei
Abstract
Women are one of the most important demographic subgroups in any society, which have been the subject and focus of studies many times, along with other groups, due to their specific gender-social, economic and cultural situations. There is no doubt that scientific studies are conducted with the aim of ...
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Women are one of the most important demographic subgroups in any society, which have been the subject and focus of studies many times, along with other groups, due to their specific gender-social, economic and cultural situations. There is no doubt that scientific studies are conducted with the aim of unraveling, analyzing and providing solutions for the problems of different groups.but Despite the fact that so far many studies have been conducted about women and their life dimensions, women's relationships and interactions are the most important aspect of their lived experience, which is still in an aura of ambiguity, a kind of confusion and indecision. Since the wide range of novels have the potential to match the reader with their characters, situations and relationships; They are one of the important origins that can be seen and the symbols of women's interactions and relationships can be searched in them. Therefore, the present study analyzes the representation of women's interactions and relationships in selected novels of the first Pahlavi period (Mohammed Hijazi's trilogy) with a sociological perspective and using the social semiotics approach of Kress and VanLeon. Analyzing data in a thematic way, the "sentence" unit of analysis, and applying and using the background of the research, has been the validation method of the current research. To confirm the themes and topics, consultation with experts has been on the agenda. The findings of the research are reported in the three dimensions of representational, interactive and hybrid roles, according to which, the women of Hijazi stories are placed in mainly binary categories around the superior signification of "religion, tradition and modernity". Following this, women's relationships and interactions are also classified into weak/strong, official/informal, active/passive, superior and inferior categories, and women are placed in each of these categories based on their assigned positions and positions. Therefore, we cannot and should not draw a general pattern of communication for all the women in the story.
Research Paper
Art
Farhad Karvan
Abstract
The design process in architecture is one of the curricula of the field of architecture that is taught at different educational levels. For optimal educational planning, it is necessary to identify the variables related to it. Among the variables related to the design process and method are the epistemological ...
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The design process in architecture is one of the curricula of the field of architecture that is taught at different educational levels. For optimal educational planning, it is necessary to identify the variables related to it. Among the variables related to the design process and method are the epistemological beliefs and cognitive load of the learners. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between scientific epistemological and cognitive load with ideation in the design process of architecture students. The research method is a combination of quantitative (descriptive-correlation) and qualitative (analyzing samples of students' Sketches). Its statistical population included all architecture girl students in Hamadan universities. The desired sample of 120 people was selected in an accessible way. Scientific epistemology, cognitive load and idea evaluation scale questionnaires were used in the design. The research data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, skewness and skewness statistics) and inferential statistics (Pearson's correlation and path analysis with the calculation of its defaults). The results of the research showed that there is a relationship between the beliefs of scientific epistemology and cognitive load with ideation in the design process of architecture students and it has provided a framework for recognizing and explaining the theoretical relationships between the components of scientific epistemological beliefs, cognitive burdens and the idea of Sketches. The learning process in architectural design and cartography courses includes the stages of analytical comprehension, critical thinking, and creative processing, so scientific epistemological belief and cognitive balance or cognitive load are good explanations and predictors for ideas in students. Based on the results of the research, it is suggested to pay attention to the reduction of Intrinsic and Extraneous cognitive load in planning the education of architecture students, as well as Germane cognitive processing so that they can make better progress in the field of design. The development of scientific epistemological beliefs is also recommended for generating and analyzing ideas.
Research Paper
cultural
Yahya bouzarinejad; Mahdi Yazdani
Abstract
Qasim Amin was one of the Egyptian intellectuals, with his two books, he started many social changes in Egypt, which spread out among other Islamic countries as well. some of his opinions were about the position of women in society and thier hijab, which at first was raised in sympathy with Islam, but ...
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Qasim Amin was one of the Egyptian intellectuals, with his two books, he started many social changes in Egypt, which spread out among other Islamic countries as well. some of his opinions were about the position of women in society and thier hijab, which at first was raised in sympathy with Islam, but after a while he raised his personal opinions that were not in harmony with Islam. He considers the hijab of eastern women as the cause of regression in eastern countries, and the lack of hijab of the western women as the source of progress in western countries. He also believes that the lust of men is stimulated and increased as a result of the hijab by women. same as communism, he believed that there are four historical periods for women, and when a woman reaches the fourth period, she has reached complete freedom. He believed that using the hijab is imprisoning women and considered the hijab only for the Prophet's women. He also believed that hijab is a result of interaction between Islamic countries and thier neighbor countries. These raised topics are just some of Amin's beliefs about hijab, which he expressed in his two famous books, Tahrir al-Mur'a and al-Mur'a al-Jadidah. in this article we compare all of Amin's views about the hijab with Morteza Motahari's views, and based on Morteza Motahari's comments, he will been given appropriate answers. The influence of western modernity and the place that westerners had portrayed for women is obvious on Amin. the general direction of Amin's works is gender development and he emphasizes on women's education and considers women's freedom as approaching western civilization. he examines the hijab from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, but in the end reachs to his personal opinions about the hijab and seekes complete freedom from the hijab.
Research Paper
Literature
Somayeh alsadat Tabatabaei
Abstract
Abstract
Shahrzad in Arabic Nights is not the only one who tells stories to escape from death; "Bondwoman" also clings to the thread of the story to escape from it. In competition with seven ministers, she tells stories about men's tricks and "Fountain of Magic" is one of them. ...
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Abstract
Shahrzad in Arabic Nights is not the only one who tells stories to escape from death; "Bondwoman" also clings to the thread of the story to escape from it. In competition with seven ministers, she tells stories about men's tricks and "Fountain of Magic" is one of them. Although this story is told in the language of a bondwoman and in defense of women, but in that "being a woman" is the worst calamity that can befall a man. Therefore, Egyptian feminist critics in the book: "(female) narrator said; Women's stories inspired by popular Arabic folktales", have emphasized it and tried to recreate it from a woman-centered point of view. "The story of Fahd in women world" and "The Fountain of life" are the results of this effort. We have used two approaches to read these women's narratives: Tzvetan Todorov's structuralist approach and feminist analysis. This choice has two reasons: First, the feminist analysis shows why the mentioned story is anti-feminist and it needs a feminine rewrite. It also clarifies how the feminist critics in their newly created narratives have erased the anti-feminist strains from "Fountain of Magic". Second, in the structural analysis of the narrative, we are going to to find out can such a reading help in receiving the anti-feminist strains of a text or understanding the female perspective in another text? The application of Todorov's poetic in its syntactic layer shows that all three narratives; the narrative of Arabic Nights and the woman's retellings, have a similar structure that fits into Todorov's model. But this approach fails to reveal and evaluate those layers of the text that are important for feminist critics. The application of Todorov's poetic in its syntactic layer shows that all three narratives; the narrative of Arabic Nights and the woman's retellings, have a similar structure that fits into Todorov's model. But this approach fails to reveal and evaluate those layers of the text that are important for feminist critics.
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