Farshad Momeni; Somayeh Arzeroom; Atieh Honardoost
Abstract
Access to development and life quality improvement are ideals that all the time has involved human’s mind. Nowadays development phenomenon besides economic programs contains cultural and social subject. One of the important subjects in development part is women's issues. In these days, even though ...
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Access to development and life quality improvement are ideals that all the time has involved human’s mind. Nowadays development phenomenon besides economic programs contains cultural and social subject. One of the important subjects in development part is women's issues. In these days, even though trend to women's issues in new approaches of development has increased, but in many countries several problems of women are observed. Goal of this research is evaluation of women's position in development programs after revolution and concentration to women's issues, also we want to know reflex ions of approaches on goals, policies, model, program's quantitative indices and its implementations (with emphasis on Amartyasen's approaches). Thus a relevant index has been considered. Applied method is descriptive and analytical. Analyses have been chosen based on theory pattern that is institutionalism with special emphasis on Amartyasen's approaches. Two important and necessary concentration to women's role in development with Amartyasen's approach is better function observation about potentialities, appropriate condition in education, health, employment in women centric issues and gender inequalities negative role in other inequalities increase. Research results demonstrate differences between sen's opinions and first and second development programs is too much and the most important factor in this incompatibility is that these development programs are based on economic growth. Third development program (Gender Empowerment), education, health, employment, policitical participation and etc, are goals that are based on sen's approach and education, health, employment and political participation are considered. In the fourth development program, women participation development is emphasized and the government must follow program's goals about women. Dominant view in the fourth development program is the idea of gender and development. Improvement of life quality that is considered through substantial changes in economic, educational and health parameters. In some cases, women has been given more priority and adapted based on Amartyasen's approach. An overview on human development, gender development and Gender Empowerment indices express during first to fourth development programs, women's situation such as health and education has been relatively improved. Although indices show fewer ratios for women. In other cases such as women's income proportion, participation rate in labor force, proportion of parliament's chairs, proportion of high level managerial and legislation hasn’t changed in this period.
Ezat Mola Ebrahimi; Yashar Taroudi Mamaghani; Atieh Honardoust
Abstract
Conspicuously enough, Millennium Development Goals (UN-MDG) indexes cover the various aspects of economic development in countries. Indeed, MDGs are collected from the World Bank and the IMF indexes that were used for monitoring economics status. Every member of the UN is subjected to report the required ...
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Conspicuously enough, Millennium Development Goals (UN-MDG) indexes cover the various aspects of economic development in countries. Indeed, MDGs are collected from the World Bank and the IMF indexes that were used for monitoring economics status. Every member of the UN is subjected to report the required data in former designed format and frequency. Furthermore reported data and usage of indexes provide tremendous chance to compare the countries with each other. In 2004, Iran adopted a strategic vision named “Iran 1404” that suggests Iran to be the 1st country in the Middle East and Central Asia region in economic, social, cultural aspects. By using almost 20 years data provided by MDG indexes and the use of ADF and ARIMA time series models the index values of countries in 2015 are estimated and in the result by ranking Iran position among Middle Eastern and central Asian countries in the year 2015 is forecasted. Due to lack of data in some indexes a combination of graphical trend analysis and ARIMA models are used. In conclusion in the year 2015 Iran would be not be in the 5 high rank countries in the 3rd goal of MDG and serious changes in policies are needed to be made
