Journal of Woman in Culture and Arts

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Terms and conditions of submitting an article

Paper Preparation Guide

Forms

Publons Membership and Review Guide

Reviewers

The Sociological Representation of Women’s Interactions in Mohammad Hejazi's Novels (Homa, Ziba, and Parichehr) Based on the Approach of Kress and Van Leeuwen

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD of Sociology, Educator in Bushehr, Bushehr, Iran

2 Corresponding Author, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, University of Yasouj, Yasouj, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor Department of Language and English Teaching, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, University of Yasouj, Yasouj, Iran

10.22059/jwica.2024.364083.1959

Abstract

Although many studies have been conducted about women, analyzing their interactions in various contexts almost remains unknown and shrouded in ambiguity. Undoubtedly, one of the most essential areas for increasing awareness of such interactions is exploring the content of novels. The main aim of the present study is to analyze the representation of women's interactions and relationships in Mohammad Hejazi’s three Novels (Homa, Prichehr, and Ziba), which were written during the first Pahlavi period. The research procedure employed was Kress and Van Leeuwen’s social semiotic approach, as well as critical discourse analysis. The unit of analysis was the "sentence," and the concentration was on identifying related statements and codifying them thematically. The research findings were presented in three dimensions: synthetic, interactive, and representational meta-roles. It is possible to assert that the triple signifiers of religion, tradition, and modernity are in an antagonistic relationship, as evidenced by the diverse representations of women. Therefore, it appears that both conventional and contemporary discourses are concurrently shaping the identities and interactions of women. Women are depicted in dual categories of superior/inferior, active/passive, and weak/strong. and undergo distinct “intra-gender” and “inter-gender” relationships.  The overarching conclusion is that the women in Hejazi’s stories are not passive objects; rather, they act in a variety of ways in accordance with their positions and employ strategies to confront and resist the pervasive patriarchal social climate. Therefore, it is impossible to simplify the diverse manners and enforcements of all women under a general and all-encompassing communication pattern, as not all women exhibit similar interactional patterns.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
Abbaszadeh, Sh., Khodabakhshi, A., & Khademzadeh, V. (2020). Study the issue of objectivity and eloquent subjectivity in architecture with a phenomenological method. The 7th Scientific-Research Conference on the Development and Promotion of Architectural Sciences and Urban Planning. https://civilica.com/doc/1180514 (In Persian)
Ahmadi, H., Babasalari, Z., Yazdani, S., & Rabi, A. (2020). The Social-Semiotic Study of the Images in Persian language-learning Textbook. Journal of Teaching Persian to Speakers of Other Languages, 9(1), 129-148. https://doi.org/10.30479/jtpsol.2020.12764.1471 (In Persian)
Alizadeh, A., & Tarafdari, A. M. (2010). The influence of nationalism discourse on the social and cultural developments of the first Pahlavi period. Research Journal of History, 5(19), 99-122. (In Persian)
Amoussou, F., & Allagbe, A. A. (2018). Principles, theories and approaches to critical discourse analysis. International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature, 6(1), 11-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2347-3134.0601002
Barekat, M., & Shafiee, S. S. (2020). Social Semiotic Analysis of women in the pictures of kid’s Story Book/Hobby. Journal of Culture-Communication Studies, 20(48), 61-86. https://doi.org/10.22083/jccs.2019.161672.2660 (In Persian)
Bernard, J. (2005). The world of women. Translated by: Sh. Zufan. Tehran: Akhtaran Publishing House. (In Persian)
De Certeau, M. (1997). Practice of Everyday Life. London: University of California Press.
Fazeli, N. A. (2013). Woman and Power in a Family (An analysis of quality of the content of six bestselling novels in the last decade. Sociological Journal of Art and Literature, 5(1), 53-81.   https://doi.org/10.22059/jsal.2013.51007 (In Persian)
Firouzian, S. (2016). Investigation of the relationship between inequality and the emergence of social classes. Of the 4th International Research Conference in Science and Technology, Petersburg. (In Persian)
Foucault, M. (1999). Care and punishment. Translated by: N. Sarkhosh & A. Jahandideh. Tehran: Ney. (In Persian)
Furqani, M. M., & Akbarzadeh Jahormi, S. J. (2011). Presenting a model for Critical Discourse Analysis of Movies. Journal of Culture-Communication Studies, 12(16), 129-157.   https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.20088760.1390.12.16.4.5 (In Persian)
Gassman, J. Y. (2006). A textual analysis of the role of women in historical fiction for young people. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/grp/3/
Giddens, A (2014). Sociology (9th Ed.). Translated by: H. Chavoshian. Tehran: Ney. (In Persian)
Gordan, M., & Almutairi, A. S. (2013). Resistance, a facet of post-colonialism in women characters of Khaled Hosseini’sa thousand splendid suns. International journal of applied Linguistics and English Literature, 2(3), 240-247.
Grafström, M., & Jonsson, A. (2019). Professional blinders? The novel as an eye-opener in organizational analysis. Culture and Organization, 25(2), 146-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/14759551.2018.1508212
Hall, S. (2014). Meaning, culture, and social life. Translated by: A. Golmohammadi. Tehran: Ney. (In Persian)
Hejazi, M. (1941). Ziba. Ibn Sina Publications. (In Persian)
Hejazi, M. (1964). Homa. Tehran: Amir Kabir. (In Persian)
Hejazi, M. (1965). Parichehr. Tehran: Amir Kabir. (In Persian)
Iman, M. T., & Golmoradi, M. (2011). Methodology of Goffman's Social Theory. Women's Sociology Quarterly, 2(2), 59-78. (In Persian)
Jorgensen, M., & Phillips, L. (2018). Theory and method in discourse analysis. Translated by: H. Jalili. Tehran: Ney. (In Persian)
Karimi Sangdehi, G., Sattari, R., & Hassani, S.G. (2021). Analysis of the representation of gender culture in the novels of Iranian women writers over three decades. Journal Woman in Culture and Art, 13(2), 291-318. https://doi.org/10.22059/jwica.2021.320505.1559 (In Persian)
Kiren, A., & Awan, A. (2017). Critical Discourse Analysis Of Jane Austien’s Novel “Pride And Prejudices”. Global Journal of Management, Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(3), 482-498.
Kothari, M., & Momeni, A. (2023) Critical Discourse Analysis Representing the Discourse Confrontation of, Damascus Time, Movie with Theo van Leeuwen Approach. Scientific Quarterly of Culture-Communication Studies, 22(60), 125-99. https://doi.org/10.22083/jccs.2022.332857.3567 (In Persian)
Mahdizadeh, M. (2008). Media and representation. Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, Media Production Office. (In Persian)
Merten, R. K. (1997). Social problems and sociological theories. Translated by: N. Tavallaei. Tehran: Amir Kabir. (In Persian)
Mohammadzadeh, H. (2020). Representation of Women in Sherko Bikas Poems. Sociology of Culture and Art, 2(2), 88-101.  https://scart.uok.ac.ir/article_61541.html (In Persian)
Moinifar, H. S. (2009). Representation of gender stereotypes in the media, a case study of the events page of Hamshahri newspaper. Cultural Research Quarterly, 2(3), 167-197. https://doi.org/10.7508/ijcr.2009.07.008 (In Persian)
Mokhtari, M., & Dehghani, H. (2021). The lived experience of women heads of households in social relations in Yasouj city. Women and Family Studies Quarterly, 9(3), 101-78. https://doi.org/10.22051/jwfs.2021.34799.2634 (In Persian)
Mousavi Jashani, S. S.(2013). Otherization in Imam Khomeini's Cultural Discourse. Metin Research Journal, 15(60).   https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/20140305152057-987 (In Persian)
Mousavi, M., & Zahidian, E. (2013). Effective factors in women's social interactions in urban spaces, a case study: Shahriar Koi Vali Asr (AS) pedestrian walkway in Tabriz city. Journal of Women and Family Studies, 6(21), 145-166. (In Persian)
Munawar, B. (2018). Discourse in Matrix of Power: The Textual Analysis of First Presidential Speech by Donald. J. Trump at White House in the Context of Norman Fairclough’s Modal of Three Levels of Discourse. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature.
 
Nagatilak, H. R. (2015). An Analysis of the Representation of Women Characters in Some of the Novels of Thomas Hardy. Damajian’s Research Endeavours, Editor Prin. Dr. N.B. Pawa. Published by: Thematics Publications.
Nojoomian, A. A. (2006). An introduction to postmodernism in literature. (In Persian)
Ritzer, G. (2011). Sociological theory in the contemporary era. Translated by: M. Talasi. Tehran: Elmi. (In Persian)
Sadeghi Shahiri, R., & Mahdinejad, E. (2020). Examining the manifestations and types of violence against women in five novels of the 1970s. Literary Research Quarterly, 16(66), 91-119. http://lire.modares.ac.ir/article-41-44134-fa.html (In Persian)
Sadeghi, F. (2005). Gender, nationalism, and modernity in Iran. Tehran: Qaseidasara Publishing House. (In Persian)
Sayadinejad, R., & Mortezaei, Z. (2017). Comparative study of the female face in the works of Fariba Wafi and Sahar Khalifa. A case example: My Bird and Lam Naad Jovari Lakm's novels. Scientific-Research Quarterly of Women and Culture, 9(34), 8-63. (In Persian)
Van Zonen, L. (2004). Feminist Approaches to the Media. Translated by: M. R. Hassanzadeh & S. H. Raeiszadeh. Media Quarterly, 11(1), 61-86. (In Persian)
Journal of Woman in Culture and Arts
Volume 17, Issue 2
July 2025
Pages 195-213
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics