Clothing is not only an outward expression of a society's culture, but also a reflection of its identity, values, and social changes. During the Qajar period, cultural and social transformations, particularly influenced by Westernization and modernization, led to changes in women's clothing. Many previous studies have attributed these changes primarily to economic and political factors, such as the import of foreign textiles and government reforms, while giving less attention to the role of cultural and social factors. This study, using a historical and analytical approach, examines the changes in women's clothing in the Qajar period in three phases: first, the continuation of traditional dress until the mid-reign of Nasser al-Din Shah; second, the limited influence of European culture on the court after Nasser al-Din Shah's travels to the West; and third, significant changes in women's clothing during the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of modernist ideas. The findings suggest that Westernization and the influence of interactions with the West had a greater impact on the transformation of women's clothing than factors such as the importation of foreign fabrics. Modern schools, newspapers, and intellectual movements were key factors that contributed to changes in clothing patterns. However, these changes were not uniform or homogeneous. The results of this study show that the changes in clothing during the Qajar period were not merely a superficial transformation, but a reflection of deeper changes in the cultural identity of Iranian society.