Research Paper
psychology
ghodrattollah alirezaei; Gholamreza Salemian; fateme kolahchian
Abstract
In his analytical psychology, the Swiss psychiatrist Jung has proposed numerous archetypes that can serve as valuable criteria for evaluating, reviewing, and analyzing the literary works of psychological critique. The “exemplary mother” archetype is a mental and universal image of human personality ...
Read More
In his analytical psychology, the Swiss psychiatrist Jung has proposed numerous archetypes that can serve as valuable criteria for evaluating, reviewing, and analyzing the literary works of psychological critique. The “exemplary mother” archetype is a mental and universal image of human personality and individuality that is manifested in both positive and negative forms. It is one of the most essential and vital archetypes. Simin Behbahani is a contemporary Persian poet whose poems are a reflection of her motherly exemplary deeds. The current study, which employs an analytical-descriptive method, aims to identify the positive and negative manifestations of the mother in Simin Behbahani’s poetic concepts and structures, as well as to uncover the archeological exemplary manifestations of the mother in the context of mythological-psychological critique. The findings indicate that the exemplary mother’s positive and negative manifestations are represented by 60% and 40%, respectively. She cites Simin Behbahani’s poetry as an example of the most prevalent manifestations of the spring season in the positive form, which include frequency, plant identification, congenital, reproduction, enthusiasm, enthusiasm, The sun and the homeland. The negative aspect is characterized by the maximum frequency of negative seasons(summer, autumn and winter), death thinking, night, swamp, sterile ground and City
Research Paper
Art
الهه Panjehbashi; motahareh seifi
Abstract
Shah Tahmasb Safavi pursued extremism during the latter portion of his reign. In this regard, women stayed at home. On the directive of Tahmasb, Tahmasabi composed his Falnama (962-967AH). Panofsky is one of the art history researchers who methodically organized iconology. He assigned three levels of ...
Read More
Shah Tahmasb Safavi pursued extremism during the latter portion of his reign. In this regard, women stayed at home. On the directive of Tahmasb, Tahmasabi composed his Falnama (962-967AH). Panofsky is one of the art history researchers who methodically organized iconology. He assigned three levels of significance to the interpretation of the work of art, in which the researcher seeks the symbolic values of a society that the artist unconsciously reflects in his work. Panofsky’s research questions include: What institutionalized belief about women is reflected in the painting of the expulsion of Adam and Eve in Tahmasbi’s Falnama? The objective of the investigation is to identify the origins of Tahmasb’s convictions regarding the status of women and their manifestation in this painting. The research is fundamental in nature and is conducted in a qualitative and comparative-analytical manner. The materials were collected in a library manner and with an iconological approach. The painting is influenced by the Qur’an; however, it contains elements that are not present in the Qur’an. So, the artist was motivated by additional texts that were extracted from ancient sources. The painting is a document that reflects the extreme beliefs about women in the patriarchal society of Tahmasab’s era, which originated from ancient metamorphoses such as the war between the male and female gender, Eve’s committing the first sin, and the blaming of the female gender. This is the root of women’s restrictions during this period.
Research Paper
Sociology
Somayeh Arab khorasani; Tahereh Maleki
Abstract
It is feasible to investigate oral culture and proverbs in order to comprehend the elements of Iranian men's masculinity as a field of men's studies. Men's studies is a new, emerging discipline within the fields of sociology and gender studies that has made significant strides in the understanding of ...
Read More
It is feasible to investigate oral culture and proverbs in order to comprehend the elements of Iranian men's masculinity as a field of men's studies. Men's studies is a new, emerging discipline within the fields of sociology and gender studies that has made significant strides in the understanding of men, including their behavior, expectations, attributions, and inherent identity. It is crucial to analyze proverbs because they serve as a conduit between the researcher and popular culture, enabling the researcher to gain a comprehensive understanding of the societal members' perspectives. The content analysis method was employed to conduct this qualitative research. 803 proverbs were selected and analyzed in this study, with the following keywords: man, spouse, son-in-law, uncle, father, and son. The analysis of the content of proverbs resulted in seventy-eight sub-components out of ten general components. The centrality of the general component “Masculinity as a contradictory phenomenon” was ultimately determined. The paradoxical issue of masculinity originates from an unclear situation that means that it is unclear when men have been characterized by these traits and whether there has ever been a time when men exhibited distinct masculinity behavior. The second facet of masculinity as a contradictory entity is the opposition and conflict with women. It is the site of investigation into the reasons and processes that result in a divergent and contradictory understanding, ultimately resulting in an opposition. Consequently, numerous evidences have been presented
Research Paper
Art
Maryam Mounesi Sorkheh
Abstract
The management of the body and its relationship with sociology of the body defines man as a corporeal agent. The problem is to understand the sociological relationship between body management and the choice of social clothing (clothes that can be worn outside the house in accordance with customary standards). ...
Read More
The management of the body and its relationship with sociology of the body defines man as a corporeal agent. The problem is to understand the sociological relationship between body management and the choice of social clothing (clothes that can be worn outside the house in accordance with customary standards). Choosing the appropriate type of apparel is directly correlated with body management, which involves the continuous monitoring and manipulation of appearance features. Question: In the context of Foucault and Giddens' body management approach, what are the factors that influence the selection of women's social clothing? The aim of the research is to determine the factors that influence the selection of social dress for women in order to showcase their bodies in accordance with the body management approach. The research method is analytical, correlation and survey and information collection, library and field. The sample size is 384 individuals, and the statistical population consists of Tehrani women aged 20 to 30. A simple random approach was employed to collect the data using a questionnaire. The findings showed that social structures exhibit variability in body management. Sometimes, the selection of social clothing is made to align with the societal norms and to wield influence; other times, it is done to secure positive acceptance and to align with social activities. The results indicated that social structures exhibit variability in body management. Sometimes the choice of social clothing is to match the thinking of others in the society and as a tool of power; Sometimes it is to achieve positive acceptances and in line with social activities
Research Paper
Art
Maryam Nikravesh; Abbas Namjoo
Abstract
Women's clothing as a post-revolutionary social phenomenon has undergone many changes and daily/street style has diversified. The artistic clothing (one of the common styles in recent decades) is considered as one of the subcultures that shape Iranian culture, therefore, this study was conducted with ...
Read More
Women's clothing as a post-revolutionary social phenomenon has undergone many changes and daily/street style has diversified. The artistic clothing (one of the common styles in recent decades) is considered as one of the subcultures that shape Iranian culture, therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the artistic style and the inclination of girls and women of Tehran towards artistic style and trying to answer the ratio of clothing trends to artistic styles and the influencing factors in it. The population of this descriptive survey comprises girls and women aged 20 to 40 who wear artistic clothing. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire, and the sample (123 individuals) was selected from both artistic and non-artistic groups. The results indicate a substantial correlation between the academic discipline and artistic careers in terms of the inclination toward an artistic style. Variety and freedom in design/color, accessories, attractiveness, use and combination of traditional, modern, and hand-embroidered motifs are significantly correlated. Increasing art departments and academic/non-academic artists, rethinking the identity of women in Iranian society with a tendency towards the artistic style, and the proliferation of advertising in social networks are all significantly correlated. The findings indicate that the artistic style is more prevalent among artists. The tendency of non-artistic disciplines demonstrated that the artistic style, as one of the styles of a specific subculture, has an impact on other members of society. The tendency toward the artistic style was most significantly influenced by a diverse selection of designs, colors, and models.
Research Paper
Literature
Khalil Baygzade; nazanin namdari
Abstract
Identifying one’s “what and who” is a conscious process. Understanding the historical values of a nation or people is helpful in achieving their important cultural, social, political, and economic goals. The discipline of ccultural iconography investigates the culture of human societies ...
Read More
Identifying one’s “what and who” is a conscious process. Understanding the historical values of a nation or people is helpful in achieving their important cultural, social, political, and economic goals. The discipline of ccultural iconography investigates the culture of human societies and its characteristics through literary and artistic works. In the same way that world travelers such as Tavernier and Sanson have described the position, role and identity of Iranian women in the Safavid era in their travelogues, eastern travelers have included the image of Iranian women. However, they have also been judged based on mental stereotypes. The purpose of this research was to elucidate the position, role, and identity of Iranian women during the Safavid era in the travelogues of Tavernier and Sanson. It was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach, based on the concept of cultural iconography. The real view and mental stereotypes of Iranian women during this period were analyzed, as beauty, marriage, fertility, and having sons were the most important demands placed on women in the patriarchal society of the era. Of course, the patriarchal society's treatment of women has been distinct in addition to beauty, marriage, acceptance of polygamy, and having sons. Court women are not passive; they consistently strive to acquire skills and participate in social arenas, including hunting, shooting, riding horses, embroidering etc. Travel writers have also attributed this lack of passivity to common women in mental stereotypes.
Research Paper
Historic
Javad Nazarimoghaddam
Abstract
One of the most important and challenging cultural and social measures of the first Pahlavi period was the removal of the hijab and the alteration of Iranian women’s attire. This action was implemented with the intention of modernizing Iranian society and implementing the western development model. ...
Read More
One of the most important and challenging cultural and social measures of the first Pahlavi period was the removal of the hijab and the alteration of Iranian women’s attire. This action was implemented with the intention of modernizing Iranian society and implementing the western development model. The veil removal law’s imposition by the government on the people with the aim of removing the veil, in contrast to the requirements and national and religious values of Iranian society, resulted in widespread opposition from a variety of social groups. The study of this part of the contemporary history of Iran provides a clear picture of the cultural policies of the Pahlavi period and how the Iranian society faced it. This research endeavors to examine the manner in which the inhabitants of Gilan encountered the veil removal law by employing a descriptive and analytical methodology and utilizing documents from the Pahlavi period. Despite the fact that the results of this research do not corroborate the findings of previous studies regarding the absence of significant resistance from the people of Gilan against the veil removal law, they demonstrate that the requisite ground and platform for the acceptance of veiling in Gilan, as well as in other regions of Iran, are not present. They have demonstrated opposition to this action, which is incompatible with the culture and identity of Iranian society. Despite the fact that a portion of the social classes, particularly the intellectuals and aristocratic classes, embraced Pahlavi’s actions and social reforms, it encountered resistance from a substantial portion of the populace and scholars as a result of the cultural conditions and social structures that governed Iranian society, ultimately leading to its failure.
