Sociology
Somayeh Arab khorasani; Tahereh Maleki
Abstract
In order to understand the components of Iranian men's masculinity as a field of men's studies, it is possible to study oral culture and proverbs. Men's studies is one of the emerging fields of sociology and gender studies, which has taken an effective step in the direction of knowing more about men ...
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In order to understand the components of Iranian men's masculinity as a field of men's studies, it is possible to study oral culture and proverbs. Men's studies is one of the emerging fields of sociology and gender studies, which has taken an effective step in the direction of knowing more about men and investigating the behavior, expectations, attributions and inherent identity of men. Examining proverbs is important because it is a bridge between the researcher and popular culture to know as much as possible the opinions of the members of a society. This research was conducted in a qualitative way using the content analysis method. In this research, 803 proverbs with keywords man, husband, son-in-law, uncle, uncle, father and son were selected and analyzed. The analysis of the content of proverbs led to seventy-eight sub-components out of ten general components and was finally concluded with the centrality of the general component "Masculinity as a contradictory thing". The paradoxical issue of masculinity has characteristics; among which it can be pointed out that it starts from an unclear situation. The lack of clarity and ambiguity of masculinity means that it is not clear since when men have been characterized by these traits and has there ever been a time when men had different masculinity behavior from women? The second facet of masculinity as a contradictory thing is opposition and conflict with women. This is important because it is the place of investigation that for what reason and in what process being different means that the understanding is different and contradictory and finally what the difference has turned into an opposition and for that many evidences have been presented.This is important because it is the place of investigation that for what reason and in what process being different means that the understanding is different and contradictory and finally what the difference has turned into an opposition and for that many evidences have been presented.
Mojtaba Torkian Demneh; Manijeh Maghsoudi
Abstract
The evaluation of the kinship, family and marriage systems in pre-Islamic Iran, mainly Sassanid era, and today Iranian Zoroastrian has been carried out in this study with diachronic approach. The changes in kinship system in pre-Islamic Iran and modern Zoroastrian in Iran had been assessed via library ...
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The evaluation of the kinship, family and marriage systems in pre-Islamic Iran, mainly Sassanid era, and today Iranian Zoroastrian has been carried out in this study with diachronic approach. The changes in kinship system in pre-Islamic Iran and modern Zoroastrian in Iran had been assessed via library research methods, and ethnographic methods. In this study, the changes were assessed according to Claude Rivière and G. P. Murdock viewpoint of the kinship, family and marriage systems. These two scholars assumed the least changes in kinship system, and among kinship elements. Rivière believed that the most impact is related to the marriage. In this research, this theory analyzed and its accuracy is confirmed according to the findings. Moreover, the assumptions like the passage of cultural components from the simple elements to the developed elements are conflicted according to the findings of this study. Therefore, it has been distinguished that the cultural components does not necessarily move from the simple to the complicacy and does not necessarily change it as well.
Sociology
Abbas Lotfizadeh; Mohammad Javad Zahedi; Fatemeh Golabi
Abstract
The early scientific studies of family generally dedicated to the structure and function of the family as a social institution, but in recent decades the family has undergone a conceptual transformation: shifting the focus from the institution of family to the intimacy and intimate relationships. The ...
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The early scientific studies of family generally dedicated to the structure and function of the family as a social institution, but in recent decades the family has undergone a conceptual transformation: shifting the focus from the institution of family to the intimacy and intimate relationships. The theoretical development arises from profound changes of family life in the contemporary world. Sociologists and family theorists considered these changes and noticed the need to take appropriate ways to analyze the intense complexity and diversity of of the family forms in contemporary world (single parents, same-sex marriage, white marriage or Cohabitation, etc.). Thus, they were forced to redefine the nature of their subject. Today, sociologists of family shifted their focus from structural and functional analyses of the institution of family to the quality of personal life and intimate relationships of people. They preferred the Term of “sociology of intimacy” to describe contemporary research of family. The transformation and turn of the theme in the sociology of the family could have different research and political implications. Reviewing and analyzing the theoretical developments in the sociology of the family, the article seeks to highlight a conceptual development to explain the current situation of the family knowledge in challenging with contemporary changes using the critical analysis approach.
Archeology
Diana Rostami Nejadan; Mansour Mansouri Moghadam
Abstract
Spirituality and religious status of women in Kurdistan have many different aspects. For centuries, the goddess of mother, and his holiness, as a symbol of respect and importance of women, is in the midst of Kurdish culture and worldview. The cultural zone of Kurdistan is the land of the first ...
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Spirituality and religious status of women in Kurdistan have many different aspects. For centuries, the goddess of mother, and his holiness, as a symbol of respect and importance of women, is in the midst of Kurdish culture and worldview. The cultural zone of Kurdistan is the land of the first religions and abstract systems which, in their dawnings, have been mixed with feminine characteristics and the honors of the mother goddess. The position in Kurdistan in this regard has two contradictory facets: in the literature and the present social system, we can observe a patriarchal system and ideology to some extent. Studying the religious roots of Kurdish culture, however, we can observe the evidence for the maternal system, the sanctity of goddesses, and consequently the spiritual and powerful position of the woman. Among the characteristics of all the material and immaterial works relevant to the woman and the mother goddess, we can find strong symbolic and abstract nature. These symbols have mixed features and have evolved over time, and today they comprise the main sources of the rich literature and traditional arts of the Kurds.
Historic
Kolsom Ghazanfari; Hossein Badamchi; Parvin Davari
Abstract
The formation of marriage which is the foundation of family in both Islam and Zoroastrianism depends on certain requirements or conditions. The comparative study of these requirements or conditions shows certain similarities and differences between the two religions, and examining these issues can shed ...
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The formation of marriage which is the foundation of family in both Islam and Zoroastrianism depends on certain requirements or conditions. The comparative study of these requirements or conditions shows certain similarities and differences between the two religions, and examining these issues can shed light on the common tradition and shared heritage between the two. The present essay will first study the conditions of marriage from perspective of Zoroastrianism and then compares that standpoint to the Islamic law. The study shows that there are important differences between the two religions. This research deals with one problem from the perspective of the Zoroastrianism and then examines the same problem from the Islamic point of view. Common characteristics in conditions of marriage (age, consent of the guardian, consent of the girl and boy, and their social equality) and in the marriage contact itself (offer and acceptance, representation, witnesses and bride-wealth) between the two legal systems are noteworthy.
Sociology
Ehsan Aqababaee; Mahvash Khademolfogharaei
Abstract
Family is a widespread social institution through which the early universe and its phenomena are understood. It seems that family and intra family relationships has changed these years and has taken a new form. Iranian cinema by creating stereotypes of relationships, personality and positions plays an ...
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Family is a widespread social institution through which the early universe and its phenomena are understood. It seems that family and intra family relationships has changed these years and has taken a new form. Iranian cinema by creating stereotypes of relationships, personality and positions plays an important role in Iranian people’s mental construction of family and its relations. In this regard, this research seeks to describe the representation of vertical and horizontal relationships of family members in the movies, interpret the actions of family members in crisis situations and problem solving and interpret the link of family on movies with social and political conditions in 2000s. The method used in this research was narrative analysis with Chatman theory. Five films named The Last Supper (1380), Fever (1382), Wet Dream (1384), Canaan (1386) and Seven Minutes to Fall (1388) were selected from the 2000s movies. The results indicate that represented family is in crisis. Family crisis is rooted in individualism and unclear roles and relationships between family members and in most cases leads to divorce. Meanwhile, Iranian cinema in a crisis situation either temporarily delays the crisis by returning to traditions or reinforces the crisis by creating ambiguity in the relationships and roles, instead of solving the problems under study.
cultural
Meisam Mousaaei; Leila Sadat Fenderesi
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the family unit is one of the most important social institutions, having different forms and known in almost all societies. Different factors can affect people’s marital status. The statistical population of this study consists of married and single men and women residing in Behshahr, ...
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Undoubtedly, the family unit is one of the most important social institutions, having different forms and known in almost all societies. Different factors can affect people’s marital status. The statistical population of this study consists of married and single men and women residing in Behshahr, Iran in summer 1391. A total of 400 subjects were randomly selected for the study. The research has been conducted based on survey method and the data has been collected using techniques of face to face interviews in the form of questionnaires. Furthermore, in order to judge the accuracy of the hypothesis, logistic regression has been used. The empirical findings show that economic capital has a significant impact on people's marital status, that is, an increase in economic capital (especially among women( of people brings about a decrease in marriage rate.
Sociology
Naima Mohammadi; Khan Mohammad Askani
Abstract
Marriage in each of the different regions of Iran is affected by the ethnic and religious beliefs. Polygamy phenomenon in Sarbaz in under debate because inside of this tradition some modernization factors also being establishment. According to this incompatibility, polygamy in the field of mental health ...
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Marriage in each of the different regions of Iran is affected by the ethnic and religious beliefs. Polygamy phenomenon in Sarbaz in under debate because inside of this tradition some modernization factors also being establishment. According to this incompatibility, polygamy in the field of mental health is studied in this paper. In this study 300 men who have one wife and polygamous has been studied by using cluster sampling method in terms of mental health questionnaire (GHQ), social health questionnaire (Keyes) and Family Health (McMaster model) were studied. The results of ANOVA showed that the averages of mental health (anxiety, depression and anger) among the men who have 3 or 4 wives are decreased significantly. The averages of social health (social Integration and actualization) among the men who have 3 or 4 wives were lower significantly. Also, the average of acceptance rate was not significantly different among these 3 groups. Family health in polygamous families in terms of average turnout empathetic and emotional bond is significantly lower than in monogamous families. For conclusion, to reduce the impacts of psychological and social polygamous lifestyle on men, family therapy and professional services recommended.
Archeology
Ali Norallahy; Hasan Talai; Bahman Firoozmandi
Abstract
Up to now, various graveyards from Iron Age in the west central Zagros have been examined and some burial goods specific to women have been found. However, researchers have only described the data obtained not dealing with the issue of women’s rank in this period. This is due to the fact that among ...
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Up to now, various graveyards from Iron Age in the west central Zagros have been examined and some burial goods specific to women have been found. However, researchers have only described the data obtained not dealing with the issue of women’s rank in this period. This is due to the fact that among the buried objects any inscription related to these graves has not been found. Moreover, women studies have recently been posed within archeological literature. Researchers have ascribed these graves to semi nomads; a style of living in the form of tribal living which still exists in this region. Therefore, it can be said that with regard to the geographical similarity and the same living style of these people with the tribes living in this region, and also continuation of the traditions in central Zagros, some of which have been shown in this paper such as the burial type, women’s rank during Iron Age has been dealt ethno-archeologically. In this paper, woman’s burial in 14 graveyards, taking into account that women ranking in these tribes are seen in the family form which is affected by numerous social, political, and economic factors, has been studied. Finally, a conclusion will be presented.
cultural
Fatemeh Hajian Moghadam; Gholamreza Ghaffary; Reza Salehi Amiri
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the results and findings of conducted researches in the field of family in order to identify the characteristics and strengthening factors of the Iranian family. The present study is applied in terms of objective and documental in terms of methodology. Accordingly, ...
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the results and findings of conducted researches in the field of family in order to identify the characteristics and strengthening factors of the Iranian family. The present study is applied in terms of objective and documental in terms of methodology. Accordingly, among the conducted researches , fifty-one scientific works which aimed at identifying the influential factors on strength of the family were selected through purposeful sampling; they were suitable in terms of methodology and had necessary information and features to perform intended meta-analysis; finally they were reviewed in the period spanning 1995- 2011. Research tools were checklist of meta-analysis. The used techniques in data analysis included techniques of descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and percent. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. In reviewing the findings of the study, a model of nine influential factors on the family institution was obtained. In order of importance, they are as follows: "faith, beliefs and moral values, positive family interactions, physical and mental health, way of handling family life, personal growth, social, cultural and political milieu of society, family welfare (affording bare necessities), public services and public health considerations ".
habib ahmadi; homeira bazafkan; ali arabi
Abstract
This study reviews the formations of the family in Shahnameh; distribution of power in it; and its identity. Therefore, we study the theoretical background related to the subject of the research, theories related to the topic of cultural theories of Malinowski, Radcliffe Brown, Ario and Shlensky, Ronard ...
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This study reviews the formations of the family in Shahnameh; distribution of power in it; and its identity. Therefore, we study the theoretical background related to the subject of the research, theories related to the topic of cultural theories of Malinowski, Radcliffe Brown, Ario and Shlensky, Ronard and proposed research and theoretical framework of the research were written according to the background of the research. Citation method was used to examine the issue and we tried to use social representations to explore sociologically the composer’s ideas behind his poems in Shanameh. Studying the families of Zahak, Faranak and Abtin, Fereidoon, Zal and Roodabeh, Rostam, Siavash, Piran (the minister of Afrasyab), Katayoon, Goshtasb, Bahram Shah and Farangis, and Keikhosrow shows that various forms of families propounded in modern sociology can be found in Shahnameh. On the other hand, families play a key role in preserving the identity of individuals and it is also sociologically a distinctive factor and at a higher level, the family is a symbol of identity of individuals and the identity of individuals is based on their families. The family also plays an important role in preserving cultural heritage, transition of culture and customs and also linking generations. Family marriage between two different communities, cultural conflict, cultural diversity, and cultural transmission, understanding cultural commonalities, and ultimately the cultural production and reproduction are among cases of identity and family issues in which the role and family identity of Iranians can be found. We also know that men have had the main part in decision making in the family though in some cases the decisions were made together with their wives, who were respected a lot in the Iranian family.
Halime Enayat; maryam hoseini; Javad Askari chavordi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2012, , Pages 57-76
Abstract
The aim of this research is analyze the content of Lamerd's lullabies in Fars Province with sociological approach and to illustrate women's situation in family and the function of these lullabies in the mentioned region. The method of this study is qualitative content analysis of lullabies with inductive ...
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The aim of this research is analyze the content of Lamerd's lullabies in Fars Province with sociological approach and to illustrate women's situation in family and the function of these lullabies in the mentioned region. The method of this study is qualitative content analysis of lullabies with inductive approach. The results of the research were considered in two sections: 1) the concepts related to family structure and functions of lullabies in relationship between couples. 2) Functions of lullabies in relationship between mother and her baby. The findings show the women's situation in traditional and male-dominated society and claim that in such circumstances lullabies had hidden functions for women: 1) they construct protest space for women 2) they prepare conditions for dialogue and explanation of desire and in better words facilitate establishing relationship for women. 3) Prepare space to get rid of psychological and structural stress. Therefore Considering the functions of lullabies for women, women's lullabies can be considered as media.
mohamadali ayazi; mohamad nasehi
Volume 2, دوره 2،شماره 1 , January 2011
Abstract
The structure of family organization is recognized upon members’ relationship and their rights and duties. The distinction of paternal, maternal, child and couple roles cause distinction in rights and duties. Therefore the rights and duties of roles are bilateral but deferent. Two characteristics explain ...
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The structure of family organization is recognized upon members’ relationship and their rights and duties. The distinction of paternal, maternal, child and couple roles cause distinction in rights and duties. Therefore the rights and duties of roles are bilateral but deferent. Two characteristics explain the power division in family: biological abilities and expenditure. Man in his marital role has the prevalent power in Islamic family, but not an absolute power. His power is legitimate only within the range of justice and good. Therefore Islamic family is a husband-centered family with a bilateral tendency. Husband’s power means his right of decision about settlement or sexual relationship. Also wife power means her financial rights like dowry and alimony and a convenient settlement or means her moral rights like acceptable treatment with his justice and benefaction.
