Literature
Ali Asqar Kalantar; laleh mola
Abstract
AbstractUrban legends and fairytales use symbols and archetypes to bring forth, and describe, individual and collective actions and reactions in a society. Using an approach of both descriptive and comparative nature, the present article uses narrative analysis method to conduct an exploration of two ...
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AbstractUrban legends and fairytales use symbols and archetypes to bring forth, and describe, individual and collective actions and reactions in a society. Using an approach of both descriptive and comparative nature, the present article uses narrative analysis method to conduct an exploration of two similar legends of Beauty and the Beast, from European culture, and Shāhmār, from Iranian culture. The research question is the following; in the two narratives under study, what is described as the ideal epitome of a woman through the evolutionary course of moving from girlhood to womanhood by means of marriage? To answer this question, using the notion of “transformation” in the ideas of John Hinnells as well as the description of marriage as the “transformation of matrimony” based upon the ideas of Joseph Campbell about the evolutionary journey of mythical heroes, the condition of the heroines of both legends- along their path that leads to transformation of matrimony- was studied and analyzed. The results of the research show that the evolution of the heroine of Beauty and the Beast is based upon going past the state of girlhood to the state of womanhood by means of love and union with a creature which looks like a beast, a creature whose hidden inner beauty is unveiled and revealed after experiencing love, leading to the end of the story. In Shāhmār, however, love and union is created only when human nature of the beast is revealed, as this is the point where the eventual evolution of woman, namely, accepting the role of motherhood, starts; protecting the love and matrimony is thus introduced as the ideal and that which is of prime importance.
Literature
Mohammad Mirzaii Rashnoo; Yossof Ali Biranvand; Ali Sajadi
Abstract
Among mythical illustrations on Lorestan bronzes, there is a woman that seems to be a fertility goddess. Woman images were obtained of the bronze explorers discovered in the Sorkh Dom e Lori area of Kohdasht, Lorestan, Iran. Given the temple's excavation area, it's likely that the woman was the fertility ...
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Among mythical illustrations on Lorestan bronzes, there is a woman that seems to be a fertility goddess. Woman images were obtained of the bronze explorers discovered in the Sorkh Dom e Lori area of Kohdasht, Lorestan, Iran. Given the temple's excavation area, it's likely that the woman was the fertility goddess and this matter explains value of women in this region. Sometimes this woman's face has been carved along with pomegranate, fish and so on. Sometimes this has also been depicted naked and being childbirth, along with ram and octamerous flower. The purpose of this study was to revelate the image of this painted lady on the bronze pinheads of Sorkh Dom, Lorestan. Thus, with descriptive-analytic method, we studied and analyzed the symbols of these pinheads. The research questions are: 1) How are the images of the mother goddess in Lorestan bronze pinheads? 2) What are the mother goddess symbols in Lorestan bronze pinheads? The results of the research showed that in addition to the woman's image, other paints along with him, including fish, pomegranate and animals such as ram, are also signs and symbols of the fertility goddess. The octamerous flowers, and the number seven, signify abundance.
Literature
Reza Satari; Marzieh Haghighi; Shahram Ahmadi
Abstract
Regarded as one of the most important concepts in Structuralism, the Theory of Binary Opposition has long been used as a yardstick against which Structuralists measure their researches in the wide realms of Linguistics, Narratives, Philosophy, Cultural Studies, Anthropology, and Psychology. Employing ...
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Regarded as one of the most important concepts in Structuralism, the Theory of Binary Opposition has long been used as a yardstick against which Structuralists measure their researches in the wide realms of Linguistics, Narratives, Philosophy, Cultural Studies, Anthropology, and Psychology. Employing Binary Opposition in Structural Anthropology, Lévi-Strauss aimed to discover human’s cognitive structure in mythology and other various cultural practices, believing that such inevitable oppositions tend to be the first steps of human being taken to appreciate the world around him. One of the most widely-discussed oppositions in Strauss’ theory tends to be the one between culture and nature. Regarded as the primary social bond and the outset of human culture, family and kinship, according to Strauss, is against the nature. He discusses that the opposition between exogamy and endogamy (when the members of the same family marry each other) exemplifies the culture/nature opposition. Owing to the high frequency of exogamy in Shah nameh and the following national epics, the present study aimed to examine the afore-said trend in Persian epics applying the theories of Lévi-Strauss in the analysis of such oppositions. Through these approaches, the social background, religion, life, social relationships and kinship contracts governing the society have been investigated. In this regard, according to the structural anthropology theory and the principle of binary oppositions which is the main basis of this theory, oppositions between Iran/Aniran, male/female, patriarchy/matriarchy, father/mother originality and some kinship oppositions between father/son, father/daughter and mother/son have been studied.
Literature
Zolfaghar Alami; Elnaz Khojasteh
Abstract
Archetype, as an innate factor in collective unconscious, is deeply associated with myth. In fact, the myth is a kind of archetype whose reasons of formation are reviewed according to collective unconscious. According to Jung's opinion, every myth is created based a collection of factors and innate reasons. ...
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Archetype, as an innate factor in collective unconscious, is deeply associated with myth. In fact, the myth is a kind of archetype whose reasons of formation are reviewed according to collective unconscious. According to Jung's opinion, every myth is created based a collection of factors and innate reasons. Accordingly, different kinds of unnatural childbirth are very important mythological subjects that are tangled with story of hero's birth in various nations. There are many archetypes of Hysterectomy and unnatural childbirth in mythology including: Rostam's story and stories of "Arthur" and "Hercules" and several gods such as "Andre", "Mehr", "Metra", "Atone", "Monrovia", "Sanasar & Baghdasar", "Uziris" or "Uzirmag", "Batrazd", "Mashi & Mashiane'', "Buda", "Brahma", and "Sushiant''. The current research aims to unveil the reasons of these birth myths and gods using descriptive– analytic method while explaining the function of archetype for these heroes. Accordingly, unnatural birth is a kind of "showing future of narration sighting". This technique shows prominence and dignity of heroes and myths.
Literature
Reza Satari; Marzieh Haghighi; Masoomeh Mahmoodi
Abstract
Mother Archetype is one of the most important archetypes in Carl Gustav Jung's theory manifested in literary works both as the character of a real mother or in the form of symbols that indicate maternal aspect. Epic is a work derived from the male-dominated society in which the heroic functions and masculine ...
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Mother Archetype is one of the most important archetypes in Carl Gustav Jung's theory manifested in literary works both as the character of a real mother or in the form of symbols that indicate maternal aspect. Epic is a work derived from the male-dominated society in which the heroic functions and masculine power grab the attentions always more than the women's presence and role. However, since most of the epic poems have a mythic infrastructure, archetypically, they reflect many of the mythological themes and symbols that have emerged unconsciously in the poem. Since human life, before the epic realization and the manifestation of the male heroes, has experienced a female dominated era with female eternal holiness (mothers and women), human subconsciousness is full of images and symbols indicating the female element of existence reflecting the epic texts as mother archetypal symbols. According to this perspective, there has been no research on the mother archetype manifestations in the national epic and most of the researchers only referred to the mother characters in these works whose role did not go beyond giving birth and training the epic heroes. that the current research focuses on the issue that although in the Persian epic works (Shahnameh and the following epic poems), the women and mothers do not generally play a decisive role, the vacuum of the presence of women and mothers as an inevitable part of the humans' existence has been seen in the epic works unconsciously in the form of archetypal images and symbols, such as water, springs, rain, wind, plants, mountains, caves, fire, etc. and the mother archetype has entered the realm of consciousness in the form of these symbols.
Literature
Reza Satari; Hossein Hasanpour Alashti; Marzyeh Haqiqi
Abstract
Banugoshasb-nameh is a national epic poem written in imitation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh about Banugoshasb's life and courage, daughter of Rostam. The poem, the only epic in Persian literature is the central story of a heroic woman. Most researchers, who have studied this poem, have focused on the presence ...
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Banugoshasb-nameh is a national epic poem written in imitation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh about Banugoshasb's life and courage, daughter of Rostam. The poem, the only epic in Persian literature is the central story of a heroic woman. Most researchers, who have studied this poem, have focused on the presence of Banugushasb in the context of epic and her heroism. They sometimes related her achievements to the effects left by the period of Matriarchy and mythological warrior goddesses while showing less interest in the psychological background of the champion women's actions. This research addresses a study of mythological and psychological background and heroic deeds of Banugoshasb character in the epic poem Banugshsb-nameh. The findings show that although signs of Matriarchy and feminist can be seen in this poem, this marks the dominance of patriarchal culture, and patriarchy replaces matriarchy. In the second part of this paper, the issue is analyzed from viewpoint of Jung’s analytical psychology. According to this view, heroic and masculine behavior of Banugoshasp cannot be considered as feminist, but it should be attributed to effects of archetype animus (masculine psyche in women) that has been institutionalized through Banugoshasp life among the top heroes of epic and influenced by their behavior.
