Fatemeh Golabi; Tavakkol Aghayari Hir; Maryam Asiabanian Barenji
Abstract
This study has investigated some factors affecting the childbearing ideals of married women in Tabriz. In this regard, various theories have been used that have discussed fertility and childbearing from an economic, social, demographic and cultural perspective. The research method is survey and the statistical ...
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This study has investigated some factors affecting the childbearing ideals of married women in Tabriz. In this regard, various theories have been used that have discussed fertility and childbearing from an economic, social, demographic and cultural perspective. The research method is survey and the statistical population is all married women aged 15-49 in Tabriz.Through Cochran's formula, the sample size is 446. Sampling method is multi-stage cluster sampling. In a generational comparison, this study examined and compared the two age groups of 15-34 and 35-49 years old. According to the findings of the present study, in both generations of married women aged 15-34 and 35-49, the cost of children has a negative and significant relationship with women's ideals of childbearing. In the younger generation (15-34 years), there is an inverse and significant relationship between the age of marriage and the ideals of childbearing. But this relationship was not significant in the generation of 35-49 years. Also, in both generations, the relationship between women's socio-economic status and ideals of childbearing has not been significant. According to the results of multivariate regression test for two generations of women, the variable of children's cost had a greater impact on the fertility ideals of the generation of married women aged 15-34 years. Given what has been said, the cost of childbearing has become one of the major concerns of families in today's society. Increasing the age of marriage and increasing the livelihood and educational concerns of families can affect the determination of the family dimension and the future of the country's population.
alireza hatami; Seyed Mahdi Sharifi; labafi somayeh
Abstract
The advent of social networks has brought about changes in various aspects of human life, and marketing is one of the areas that has been affected. With the emergence of influencers with the ability to influence the wide followers in social networks, brands' interest in influencer marketing is growing ...
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The advent of social networks has brought about changes in various aspects of human life, and marketing is one of the areas that has been affected. With the emergence of influencers with the ability to influence the wide followers in social networks, brands' interest in influencer marketing is growing rapidly and today brands spend most of their advertising budgets on influencer marketing. In the present study, using the Elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (ELM) and Concepts such as Para-social interaction (PSI) and Electronic Word of mouth (EWOM), we investigated the effect of persuasion cues of women influencers on the intention to buy followers as the aim of the study. The case study of this study was beauty women influencers on Instagram. For this purpose, by identifying 4 prominent beauty influencers among Iranian users, the pages of these women influencers on Instagram were examined. The present research is applied in terms of descriptive nature and its method is survey and data collection tool is an online questionnaire. 396 questionnaires were collected by available sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 3 and SmartPls software version 26. The results showed that persuasion cues related to expertise, Trustworthiness and experience with the variable mediated by source credibility and persuasion cues related to self-disclosure, social attractiveness, attitude homophily with the mediating variable of PSI have an effect on EWOM and ultimately intention to purchase followers. Contrary to the researcher's expectations, effective physical attractiveness has no effect on PSI and ultimately EWOM and intention to purchase followers.
Art
Moeine ossadat Hejazi; Parisa Shad Ghazvini
Abstract
Human-bird hybrid motifs have broad and sometimes conflicting meanings in many parts of the world. In the Islamic era, despite the prohibition of human and animal motifs, this motif is still used in works such as rings of the Seljuk period with a female-bird nature. The Seljuks were one of the first ...
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Human-bird hybrid motifs have broad and sometimes conflicting meanings in many parts of the world. In the Islamic era, despite the prohibition of human and animal motifs, this motif is still used in works such as rings of the Seljuk period with a female-bird nature. The Seljuks were one of the first Muslim governments in Iran to achieve cultural prosperity. The ring, which has a special prestige in Islamic culture, reflects the hidden cultural features of this period. The issue is what identity the bird-with-female-head motif in the rings reflects in the Seljuk Semiosphere. In this regard, Semiosphere theory is used in the analytical method of cultural semiotics. The main question is, what is the belief in the representation of the bird-with-female-head phenomenon in the intercultural communications of the Seljuk semiosphere? This article has been done by a descriptive-analytical method. Four samples of rings with bird-female motifs with intertextual symbols on pottery and metal objects of this period were adapted, and the concepts of accompanying motifs were read with it. The result was that the motif of bird-with-the-head-of-woman on the Seljuk semiosphere rings was drawn in two ways. The Seljuks semiosphere of Iran consists of three Iranian, Islamic and Turkish sphere within themselves. They have reached a semantic and morphological agreement through intra-cultural dialogue. Companion designs often refer to the concepts of goodness, blessing and fertility, which reinforce the femininity of this type of ring.
Art
Zahra Taheri
Abstract
This article focuses on the notion of “desire” in Yerma (1934), by Federico Garcia Lorca, the famous Spanish writer and dramatist. Yerma is one of the dramas in Lorca’s ‘rural trilogy’. Adopting the perspective of left thinkers and using Gilles Deluze and Fleix Guattari’s ...
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This article focuses on the notion of “desire” in Yerma (1934), by Federico Garcia Lorca, the famous Spanish writer and dramatist. Yerma is one of the dramas in Lorca’s ‘rural trilogy’. Adopting the perspective of left thinkers and using Gilles Deluze and Fleix Guattari’s views on psychoanalysis, the writer discusses how the notion of “desire” through a deleuzian perspective is not associated with loss but power and can, thus, end up in change and “becoming.” To elaborate this process, the study has deployed a descriptive-analytic method to the text, and it has focused on the notions of ‘paranoid desire,’ ‘schizoid desire’ and ‘becoming woman.’ It is argued that Yerma, as a prototype of minority figures, is subjected to those strategies of ‘otherization’ which she cannot help tolerating due to an internalization of the family and social discourses of norms and stereotypes, which is still true to the lives of many women even these days. Yerma finds no way out of such stagnant life scripts but through a sudden outrageous rebellion against the system (and its representative—Juan). Such rebellion questions the dominant paranoid control exerted by every hierarchical system in society. These challenges pursue a type of “deterritorialization” of such systems and their meta-narratives by opening new horizons which introduce new types of relationships and orders which are far different from the mainstream culture and, thus, chaalenging, unsettling, and dangerous. In fact, they are new voices which can be heard.
Communications
ali Baghdar Delgosha
Abstract
Critique of social structures in women's fiction 1909-1931AbstractSimultaneously with the publication of the women's press in 1909, conditions were created for women to be able to use new language of expression such as poetry and fiction to express their views in addition to further critique of social ...
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Critique of social structures in women's fiction 1909-1931AbstractSimultaneously with the publication of the women's press in 1909, conditions were created for women to be able to use new language of expression such as poetry and fiction to express their views in addition to further critique of social structures. Leading research that is a qualitative method, using content analysis technique and with index emphasis on fiction texts published in the biographical press published between 1289 (the year of publication of the first women's newspaper) to 1311 (the last year of publication of the women's world newspaper) Is trying to answer the question of what issues have women addressed in their fictional writings? What was their most important demand and what did they introduce as the main cause of women's subjugation?A complete and non-selective enumeration of biographies in the period under discussion, including 167 issues of biographies, equals 4,401 (four thousand four hundred and one) press releases. The central theme of these fictional texts is women's rights in marriage - life and divorce, critique of forced marriage, early marriage (child marriage) and critique of polygamy. Also, the behavior of "ignorant mothers" has been introduced as the main cause of women's misery.
Art
Alaa Basal; abolghasem dadvar; fatemeh kateb; maryam mounesi sorkheh
Abstract
Roman Mythology holds an immortal and sacred place and is of great value artistically and historically as it personifies gods in the form of human bodies with supernatural powers. The mythical figures, such as gods and demigods, and epic and symbolic scenes are depicted within Roman murals in Syria. ...
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Roman Mythology holds an immortal and sacred place and is of great value artistically and historically as it personifies gods in the form of human bodies with supernatural powers. The mythical figures, such as gods and demigods, and epic and symbolic scenes are depicted within Roman murals in Syria. Providing an interpretation of morals and traditions, the given murals portray how the society's functional and inner values and religions are pursued. Women's clothing is manifested as a civilizational component in a significant section of Roman Syrian society. The research objective is to identify mythological themes in human patterns and reliefs and grasp their meaning by focusing on the details of women's clothing in five murals and comparing them with those of Syrian women's clothing during the Roman period as analyzed by Malinowski's need and institution components. In the general sense, the concept of functionalism implies a relationship established within an institution. What are the differences and similarities between the clothing in murals and among Syrian women of the Roman period under an emphasis on Malinowski's mythological elements from a functionalistic perspective? The results indicate that in addition to meeting clothing needs, the type of attire and practical colors in the murals and garments of Syrian women during the Roman period also address spiritual solidarity and cultural needs, such as ethicality, social beliefs, and orientation toward religion. There are common grounds between women's clothing in the murals and the garments of Roman Syrian women, and both entail aspects of providing protection, observing social manners, and denoting women's emotional and economic status. In Roman civilization, colors would bear sanctity and represent an individual's eminence. In the case of Syrian women of the Roman period, institutions were to meet women's needs and hold a positive role in society's survival as a whole. In addition to its role in resolving primary needs and taking recourses to meet derivative needs, Roman clothing is also displayed in the form of customs and traditions. The research method is comparative-historical analysis with documentary technique as the data collection method.
Historic
Maryam saeedyan; zahra sadat keshavarz
Abstract
Cybernetics, social system of action, model variables, transitional, traditional, post-traditional situation, the current research with a documentary strategy and in a descriptive-analytical way, and based on the existing historical data about women in the Safavid era, attempts to redraw the status of ...
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Cybernetics, social system of action, model variables, transitional, traditional, post-traditional situation, the current research with a documentary strategy and in a descriptive-analytical way, and based on the existing historical data about women in the Safavid era, attempts to redraw the status of these women based on The model variables proposed in the structural functionalism theory of Talcott Parsons, which connects the science of history with other departments of social sciences. The main research question is how women in the Safavid era were able to be effective in the social system of their era. The hypothesis of the research is that women played an effective role in the transition of the society from the traditional to the post-traditional state, and this role was achieved through passing from attributive, emotional, general and qualitative roles to acquired, trans-emotional and specific roles. oriented and functional, they have provided to some extent and have helped to transform the society of the Safavid era into a semi-transitional and dynamic society. The results show that this preliminary transition has caused the transfer of energy and information from systems and sub-systems with the role of women, instead of only through assigned and specific roles, etc. Acquiring and generalizing roles, etc. should also take place, and the foundations of a new configuration of the cybernetics system of the Safavid era should be created.
Literature
Marzieh imani; Reza Pishghadam; Shima Ebrahimi
Abstract
A strong, healthy teacher-student connection helps to create an environment conducive to personal and academic progress. Stroke is the point at which a healthy relationship starts to deviate from an unhealthy one in terms of behavior and words. Generally, strokes have been given in a conventional and ...
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A strong, healthy teacher-student connection helps to create an environment conducive to personal and academic progress. Stroke is the point at which a healthy relationship starts to deviate from an unhealthy one in terms of behavior and words. Generally, strokes have been given in a conventional and non-literary manner, but the literary form of strokes has been advocated as a way to open up an opportunity for the creative use of language, as well as the construction of a relationship between language, culture, and literature. The purpose of this quantitative research is to determine students' preferences for literary and non-literary strokes. Gender disparities in preference for literary and non-literary strokes are investigated to account for males' and females' preferences. Despite growing up in the same biological and cultural environment, they may have opposing viewpoints. The convenience sample technique was used to choose 411 students (133 men and 278 females) from a variety of majors and stages of study. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire with literary and non-literary strokes. Results suggested that female students tended to choose non-literary strokes, while male students favored literary strokes. The reason for female students’ preference for non-literary strokes and male students’ preference for literary strokes may be attributed to their personality traits, communication styles and social status. Other contributing aspects include the lack of intimate relationships between teachers and students of the opposite gender as well as differences in literary and non-literary language features.
Literature
nadiya ahmadinik; gholamreza pirouz
Abstract
Abstract:The reflection of feminist ideas and projects in fiction texts caused women to have a great desire to create women centered texts at different times. Now, with a cursory look at the previous researches in the criticism of the novel The Curse of Gray (1381) by Mahsa Mohib Ali, it is clear that ...
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Abstract:The reflection of feminist ideas and projects in fiction texts caused women to have a great desire to create women centered texts at different times. Now, with a cursory look at the previous researches in the criticism of the novel The Curse of Gray (1381) by Mahsa Mohib Ali, it is clear that most of these researches in the form of articles and theses have considered this work as a feminist text only and have limited themselves to the analysis of the elements of this approach, while the authors in the upcoming essay have tried to face the neglected issue of other critics' researches regarding the feminist criticism of the novel The Curse of Gray with a serious question. It can be considered the most important premise of this essay to resolve the ambiguity of the author's approach with regard to his idealistic effort For this purpose, the authors of this article are trying to criticize and evaluate Mahsa Mohib Ali's critical and protest approach towards avantgarde feminism in the form of the novel "The Curse of Gray". This is a research article using the qualitative content analysis method, which has been prepared by using documentary, library, interview and authoritative websites based on the authors' inferences from the research data analysis. The most important achievement of this research is the extraction and in text analysis of elements in th e field o f radical feminism such as: parthenogenesis (virginity) anti-masculinity and realization of woman's individuality, which Mahsa Mohib Ali uses these cases in th e middle of the story by changing his opinion on this. The truth emphasizes that the radical teachings of radical feminism have not achieved appreciable success in reducing gender inequalities an d oppressions, an d this has questioned the theoretical foundations o f radical feminists.
Art
Soraia Radamin; manzar mohammadi; Farideh Hajiani
Abstract
AbstractAccording to Greek mythology, Jean Shinoda Bolen (a follower of Jung's school) distinguished seven archetypes (Athena, Artemis, Hestia, Demeter, Persephone, Hera and Aphrodite) in the human unconscious and generalized them to contemporary women; If these archetypes are out of balance, some personality ...
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AbstractAccording to Greek mythology, Jean Shinoda Bolen (a follower of Jung's school) distinguished seven archetypes (Athena, Artemis, Hestia, Demeter, Persephone, Hera and Aphrodite) in the human unconscious and generalized them to contemporary women; If these archetypes are out of balance, some personality traits will fall into the shadow; In order to balance the archetypes, in addition to psychoanalytical methods, changing the clothing style can be used as a supplementary improvement method. The question is, how can we design a community outfit that is effective in removing the shadows of personality (women) based on the archetypal theory of jean Shinoda Bolen? In this context, by knowing the personality shadows, their weaknesses and strengths and considering the effect of clothing on the psyche, it is possible to design a clothing style that is useful in the process of the treatment. The current research is qualitative and quantitative and the tool used in data collection was a questionnaire. The statistical population is 254 women, aged 20-45 in Tehran which was conducted using random sampling method. According to the statistics, about 40% of population under study have personality shadow. Data analysis was done using SPSS software in the form of descriptive statistics with frequency and percentage. The results indicate that if it is possible to use motif, form, color, design, etc., which engages the person in communication with herself in the clothing style, it can be used as a solution along with other psychoanalytical solutions. In the contemporary society, where the presence of women in various social fields has become more prominent, female identity is very important, and in the social of Iran, where tradition and religion play a role in the lifestyle on the one hand, and on the other hand, some characteristics of the modern society in the lives has appeared, the clothing style of women as a part of the society that shows the most changes has a double importance.
Art
marzieh jafarpour; zohreh tabatabaiie jebeli
Abstract
What we call death in our dictionary, and which we often refer to bitterly, in the eyes of agriculturists was a connection of the deceased with the earth and the expectation of resurrection; Like a seed buried in the soil in the hope of rebirth. The remaining written and visual pieces of evidence of ...
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What we call death in our dictionary, and which we often refer to bitterly, in the eyes of agriculturists was a connection of the deceased with the earth and the expectation of resurrection; Like a seed buried in the soil in the hope of rebirth. The remaining written and visual pieces of evidence of mourning rituals indicate that women played a more critical role in this way; as they played an important role in planting and harvesting agricultural products. Therefore, the present article, with the aim of explaining the role of women in mourning rituals and its relationship with agricultural rituals, seeks to answer these questions: Why the operatives of mourning rituals are primarily women? And is there any connection between these rituals (mourning and request for fertility from nature)? In this regard, this paper will analyze eight Persian paintings with the theme of mourning from the Ilkhanid to the Safavid period in a historical-analytical way using the iconographic approach. The results show that mourning rituals were inherently used to activate the forces of plants that are often embodied as plant gods/goddesses. During a transformation, this pattern has changed from a form of mourning for the goddess of fertility to mourning for the general public. The presence of women in the mourning rituals was also considered blessed and auspicious because of their liaison with mother-earth. Thus, based on the symmetry of mourning and agriculture, the presence of women in mourning and the performance of various rituals by them is justified.
Sociology
Somayeh Arab khorasani; Tahereh Maleki
Abstract
In order to understand the components of Iranian men's masculinity as a field of men's studies, it is possible to study oral culture and proverbs. Men's studies is one of the emerging fields of sociology and gender studies, which has taken an effective step in the direction of knowing more about men ...
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In order to understand the components of Iranian men's masculinity as a field of men's studies, it is possible to study oral culture and proverbs. Men's studies is one of the emerging fields of sociology and gender studies, which has taken an effective step in the direction of knowing more about men and investigating the behavior, expectations, attributions and inherent identity of men. Examining proverbs is important because it is a bridge between the researcher and popular culture to know as much as possible the opinions of the members of a society. This research was conducted in a qualitative way using the content analysis method. In this research, 803 proverbs with keywords man, husband, son-in-law, uncle, uncle, father and son were selected and analyzed. The analysis of the content of proverbs led to seventy-eight sub-components out of ten general components and was finally concluded with the centrality of the general component "Masculinity as a contradictory thing". The paradoxical issue of masculinity has characteristics; among which it can be pointed out that it starts from an unclear situation. The lack of clarity and ambiguity of masculinity means that it is not clear since when men have been characterized by these traits and has there ever been a time when men had different masculinity behavior from women? The second facet of masculinity as a contradictory thing is opposition and conflict with women. This is important because it is the place of investigation that for what reason and in what process being different means that the understanding is different and contradictory and finally what the difference has turned into an opposition and for that many evidences have been presented.This is important because it is the place of investigation that for what reason and in what process being different means that the understanding is different and contradictory and finally what the difference has turned into an opposition and for that many evidences have been presented.
Literature
Khalil Baygzade; nazanin namdari
Abstract
Identity is the process of consciously responding to one's "what and who" and Knowing the values of the historical identity of a people or a nation is helpful in realizing their important cultural, social, political and economic goals. exactly of course Cultural iconography is a science ...
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Identity is the process of consciously responding to one's "what and who" and Knowing the values of the historical identity of a people or a nation is helpful in realizing their important cultural, social, political and economic goals. exactly of course Cultural iconography is a science that examines the culture of human societies and its characteristics through literary and artistic works, and its subject is mostly the reflection of the mentality or reasoning of a person or group or nation and their image in travelogues. eastern travelers have included the image of Iranian women in their travelogues, just as world travelers such as Tavernier and Sanson have described the position, role and identity of
exactly Iranian women in the Safavid era in their travelogues and sometimes judged based on mental stereotypes. This research was carried out with the aim of explaining the position, role and identity of Iranian women of the Safavid era in the travelogues of Tavernier and Sanson based on the concept of cultural iconography in a descriptive-analytical method and examined their real view and mental stereotypes of the Iranian women of the Safavid era. The results of the research indicate that Iranian women were at the center of the real and stereotyped view of Safavid period travel writers, as beauty, marriage, fertility and having sons were the highest demands of women in
exactly the patriarchal society of this period. Of course, the patriarchal society's treatment of women in addition to beauty, marriage, acceptance of polygamy, and of course having sons has been different, as court women are not passive, but always strive to acquire skills and participate in social arenas and acquire skills such as hunting, shooting, riding horses, embroidering etc, and travel writers have also attributed this lack of passivity to common women in mental stereotypes.
Literature
kowsar ahsanmoghaddam; Abdollah Radmard; maryam salehi nia
Abstract
Metaphor as a symbolic and indirect language carries added and hidden meanings. Traces of gender metaphors and stereotypes can also be traced in interpretive narratives. In this research, the interpretive stories of three Persian interpretations of Rouz al- Jannan , Jala al- Azhan and Manhaj al- Sadeghin ...
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Metaphor as a symbolic and indirect language carries added and hidden meanings. Traces of gender metaphors and stereotypes can also be traced in interpretive narratives. In this research, the interpretive stories of three Persian interpretations of Rouz al- Jannan , Jala al- Azhan and Manhaj al- Sadeghin are the basis of the work. In this article, narratives that have used gender metaphors or whose content is reminiscent of gender metaphors have been selected, and then, using the qualitative content analysis method, the value of these metaphors and their relationship with gender stereotypes have been examined. Metaphors such as "the bride of the Qur'an"; "Kaab's woman"; "bed"; "Biot"; "Atbah" and "Denya" are examples of gender metaphors in these narratives, which some of them have a positive value and some others have a negative value. The most important results of this research are that most of the negative metaphors about women are formed around the role of a woman as a wife or sexual partner and emphasizing her physical aspect. These metaphors are influenced by common gender stereotypes that have a negative value . On the opposite point, most of the positive metaphors are formed around the role of mother and qualities such as kindness, creativity, originality and beginning in the role of mother . Also, this research shows that the female body is represented in two aspects: "heavenly body" and "infernal body" that the female heavenly body is a symbol of complete pleasure and benefit, and the female infernal body is a symbol of deception, sin, representation of Satan and adultery . Despite Sharia's efforts to disapprobation misogynistic attitudes, the prevalence of gender metaphors about women in different historical periods has not been significantly different among commentators and these commentators have shown their gendered attitudes consciously or unconsciously during the narratives.
psychology
ghodrattollah alirezaei; Gholamreza Salemian; fateme kolahchian
Abstract
In his analytical psychology, the Swiss psychiatrist Jung has proposed many examples of archetypes that can be useful criteria for measuring, reviewing, and analyzing the literary works in psychological critique. One of the most important and vital archetypes is the archetype of the "exemplary mother", ...
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In his analytical psychology, the Swiss psychiatrist Jung has proposed many examples of archetypes that can be useful criteria for measuring, reviewing, and analyzing the literary works in psychological critique. One of the most important and vital archetypes is the archetype of the "exemplary mother", which is a mental and universal image of human personality and individuality and it is manifested in both positive and negative forms. Simin Behbahani is one of the contemporary poets of Persian literature whose motherly exemplary works have been reflected in her poems. The present research, which has been done by analytical-descriptive method, seeks to discover the archeological exemplary manifestations of the mother in Simin Behbahani's poetic concepts and poetic structures and to identify their positive and negative manifestations in the light of mythological-psychological critique. The results show 60% reflection of the positive and 40% negative manifestations of the exemplary mother. She has an example in Simin's poetry; in the positive form, including respectively; frequency, plant identification, congenital, reproduction, enthusiasm and enthusiasm are the most common manifestations in the spring. In the negative aspect, the highest frequency is related to the negative seasons, death thinking, night, swamp, sterile ground.
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Sociology
Fatemeh Yamini; Talie Khademian; Hossein Dehqan
Abstract
Swearing, as the most obvious feature of popular rap music, changes the socio-linguistic indicators in the literature of people in society. The two-way relationship of the audience with the content of the songs is formed based on the tastes and knowledge that depend on the local situation. For example, ...
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Swearing, as the most obvious feature of popular rap music, changes the socio-linguistic indicators in the literature of people in society. The two-way relationship of the audience with the content of the songs is formed based on the tastes and knowledge that depend on the local situation. For example, in Iranian society, in the past, swearing was heard in the feudal system, boys' schools, military, labor and factories, but Today, swearing is increasingly heard in academic environments, regardless of gender, and in girls' high schools, which is in conflict with Iranian cultural symbols. The purpose of this research is to discover and investigate the mental and semantic implications of Tataloo fan girls from listening to his swearing songs, which was carried out with the qualitative method and grounded theory technique and the use of in-depth semi-structured interviews with 25 Tataloo fans.The samples were selected based on the purposeful snowball sampling. Interviews were stopped when theoretical saturation was reached. The paradigm model resulting from the interpretation of the opinions of female fans shows that acceptability of swearing songs) in connection with a set of causal conditions (social and cultural background - special situations - homophobia - attractiveness of the artist's lived experience - not getting permission and rejection from society - family background of the singer), background conditions (poverty-unemployment-isolation-lack of entertainment), intervening conditions (dominance of music industry-peer group) become meaningful. Girls justify swearing in street music by using strategies (the normality of swearing in rap style - the pleasantness of swearing) which is one of its consequences (draining energy - creating a discourse of profanity in society's literature - normalization of swearing to people around - intensification of swearing in new songs - tendency towards nihilism). The fans consider themselves and the singer to be rejected from the society and victims of oppression and discrimination, and because they lack the power to act against discrimination, they are helpless and weak people they are like helpless and weak people who are only able to express their anger by swearing.
Art
samareh rezaei; atieh Youzbashi
Abstract
Saqanfars are buildings related to the Qajar period, which originated from the indigenous and ritual architecture of Mazandaran. In contrast to other similar structures, pictorial themes centered on women are abundantly seen in the pictorial motifs of Saqanfar Kijatakiye wall paintings in Babylon. This ...
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Saqanfars are buildings related to the Qajar period, which originated from the indigenous and ritual architecture of Mazandaran. In contrast to other similar structures, pictorial themes centered on women are abundantly seen in the pictorial motifs of Saqanfar Kijatakiye wall paintings in Babylon. This research has been done with the aim of knowing the image themes and the reasons for the importance of the role of women. Research questions: 1- What is the reason for the abundance of women's motifs in the murals of Saqqanfar Kijatakiye Babylon compared to other Saqqanfar? 2- What are the reasons for the appearance of the role of women in Saqanfar Kijatakiye Babylon? 3- What themes have been observed in the murals of Saqanfar Kijatakiye, Babylon? The present research method is based on descriptive-analytical nature, and from each division of Saqanfar motifs in a non-random way (epic, otherworldly, symbolic and everyday activity), a specific image has been described with an iconological approach. The issue of redefining the role of women in society, family and the field of art peaked during the Qajar era. This shows the extensive developments and change of the position of women in the art of this period. On the other hand, the influence of the geographical region and the way of livelihood changed the concept of gender in the northern regions of Iran. Historical, social, political and cultural factors are important in the emergence of the main role of women. The simultaneity of the historical period of the Tekay building with the Qajar period, the fundamental changes in social relations, the style of clothing, the political position and the change in the aesthetic concepts of women and the multitude of images of women in the Qajar period indicate the direct connection of these motifs with the political-social developments that prevailed in It is the society of its time and it narrates the influence of native artists in reflecting the political and social conditions in a specific historical context.
Literature
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi; Setare Nobakht; Mohammad Reza Kohi
Abstract
The study of social capital in Palestine based on Pierre Bourdieu's sociological model
(Case study: the novel Al Madinah Carnival by Nozeh Ramlawi)
Abstract
Pierre Bourdieu is a contemporary French anthropologist who pays special attention to the capabilities of literature and depicting social situations. ...
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The study of social capital in Palestine based on Pierre Bourdieu's sociological model
(Case study: the novel Al Madinah Carnival by Nozeh Ramlawi)
Abstract
Pierre Bourdieu is a contemporary French anthropologist who pays special attention to the capabilities of literature and depicting social situations. According to him, the strength of a person in different fields and the extent of his participation in the management of the field of power does not depend on a specific capital, but on the volume and combination of types of capital. Since Bourdieu's critical sociology, in addition to the objective and structural dimension, also pays attention to the subjective dimension of social life, it can provide the writers with the necessary capacity to recognize the types of social capital in the novel Carnival of Al-Madinah in order to make their audience understand the conditions. Let the Palestinian community lead. Therefore, in the present study, they have evaluated this novel with a descriptive-analytical method and based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory and analyzed it in four levels of cultural, social, economic and symbolic capital. The findings of the research show that the social capital of the Palestinian people has greatly faded and caused limitations and deficiencies in their economic and cultural capital. But the strong presence of love in family and national types is considered as a significant symbolic asset in the story. The fight against the occupation and hope to remove the root restrictions is another saving and promising factor in this story. In fact, the symbolic capital can be considered as an effective lever to face the personal and social problems of the characters in the story and the Palestinian people as a whole, in difficult and chaotic social conditions. Palestinian people as a whole, in difficult and chaotic social conditions
Key words: Palestine, social capital, Pierre Bourdieu, Al-Madinah Carnival, Nezeh Ramlawi.
Communications
Aylin Daemi; Maryam Abachi; Seyed ali Mir Ebrahimi
Abstract
Cinema, as a cultural element in society and one of the arenas of representation of social issues, has an effective role in increasing the level of awareness of the society and reducing cognitive bias in this realm. One of the cinematic representations in this field is about violence against women and ...
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Cinema, as a cultural element in society and one of the arenas of representation of social issues, has an effective role in increasing the level of awareness of the society and reducing cognitive bias in this realm. One of the cinematic representations in this field is about violence against women and subsequently victimization of this vulnerable group. This research aims to investigate the criminological aspects of representation of women's victimization in cinematic works, in the context of lifestyle. To this purpose, the case study of Subdued (Rage Khab) movie has been done, using the directed qualitative content analysis method. The findings of this research showed that the lifestyle of the main character of the film, Mina, in the traditional society and in the absence of social and legal protections, led to the repeated and double victimization of her. In fact, Mina is a selected victim by Kamran, the male character of the film, as an attractive target in the ideal victim framework. The representation of victimization of women in this movie is a part of the reality in society. Also, since the reality of society in the realm of women's victimization is far more serious than its representation in cinematic works, and not paying attention to this important component can leave irreparable effects on the structure of society, as a result of this research and for preventing of violence against women, the necessity of cinematic works production without cultural censorship are emphasized. Thus, cinema with the preventive approach of initial victimization of women due to the lifestyles-exposure, through sensitization, awareness, immunization; and also by focusing on preventing the secondary victimization of women through efficiency in changing the structural factors of victimization, especially eliminating of discrimination against women, in the society and the possibility of accessing all women who have been experienced victimization in any form and in any framework to the criminal justice system, can be effective in reducing the victimization of women in the society.
Art
niloofar shafiee
Abstract
Biological and gender, as well as social distinctions, generally creates differences with the inferiority of women in the society, and finally, it has taken the rights of inequality and possibilities. which can be seen in art. Since Islam favors the equality between men and women, therefore women and ...
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Biological and gender, as well as social distinctions, generally creates differences with the inferiority of women in the society, and finally, it has taken the rights of inequality and possibilities. which can be seen in art. Since Islam favors the equality between men and women, therefore women and men have the same position in God's place. And in terms of freedom, right and rights, moral and religious responsibilities are the same. Islam believes that men and women are complementary to each other, and one is not preferable to the other. However, from the beginning of Islam until today, distinctions between men and women can be seen in most areas. One of the most important cognitive characteristics of humans, especially in the modern era and after, is the issue of gender identity, through which the border between oneself and the other can be perceived and the scope of defining and understanding the essence of a person is determined. The reflection of this issue in the works of contemporary artists, especially Muslim female artists, can be studied and analyzed as a serious concern. Based on the works of three contemporary Muslim female artists in the Islamic world, namely Mona Hatum, Lala Al-Sidi and Bushra Almutawakel, the current research aims to answer the question of which factors reflect the gender identity in the works of these three artists and how each of them Is. Have they reflected it in their works? In the current research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the information was collected through library documents by collecting books, books and websites. The methods of analysis are qualitative.By examining and analyzing the works of these three artists, it comes to the conclusion that it explores gender identity, in addition to the works of Western artists, among Muslim artists, women can also be considered. The results indicate that factors such as discrimination, sexist society, the position of women in Islamic society and the spread of religious extremism have shown gender identity in this artist. And they have reflected these factors in their works through photography, video and the use of writing factors.
Sociology
Masoomeh Taghizadegan
Abstract
In many cultures, weaving and knitting as a profession and industry are mostly the work of men, and home sewing and weaving, that is, as far as it is placed in the territory of the home, are mostly the work of women. Especially in the modern era, when the distinction between the workplace and the home ...
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In many cultures, weaving and knitting as a profession and industry are mostly the work of men, and home sewing and weaving, that is, as far as it is placed in the territory of the home, are mostly the work of women. Especially in the modern era, when the distinction between the workplace and the home led to the distinction between men's professional sewing and women's knitting and needlework. The purpose of this article is to deal with the works of contemporary Iranian women artists who, inspired by sewing and weaving, are searching for a feminine language. As described by Luce Irigaray, feminine language is for expressing women's experiences and understanding and receiving women. In this article, the question is followed that how and with what methods have the female visual arts artists turned knitting and sewing into a way to search for the language of female identity?
To answer this question by combining the methods of "Trend analysis" and "Event Study", five art exhibitions were studied and analyzed; include: "Tajali Ehsas" (1371 to 1388), "sew+zan" (1395), "Women Create" (1398), "Nakhsh" (1398) and "Pressbook" (period 1398 to 1400).
The results show the changes in the experience of contemporary Iranian women artists during the 1370s to 1400s (1990s-2020s) in the use of sewing and weaving. Sewing and knitting in the works of some Iranian female painters has been a symbol of desirable femininity, especially in the artistic event for women titled "Tajali Ehsas" during the 1370s, when artists used sewing and knitting as maternal femininity and women's skills in the context of domestic work and Sometimes they portrayed traditional and rural; However, following the socio-cultural changes of the 1380s, in artistic events such as the exhibition "sew+zan" and "Women Create" and "Pressbook", we witnessed the use of sewing and knitting as a critical and linguistic action for rethinking the identity of women by female artists in the decade. We are in 1380 and 1390
Literature
Chiman Mohammadi bytambar; mohamadnabi ahmadi
Abstract
Criticism of the position of women in Libyan society is one of the characteristics of the novel " Bread on Uncle Milad's table", the selected novel of the 2022 Arab Booker and written by the contemporary Libyan writer Mohammad Al-Naas. This novel contains a significant number of female ...
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Criticism of the position of women in Libyan society is one of the characteristics of the novel " Bread on Uncle Milad's table", the selected novel of the 2022 Arab Booker and written by the contemporary Libyan writer Mohammad Al-Naas. This novel contains a significant number of female characters and expresses their conditions, opinions and thoughts in a society with a patriarchal culture and a gendered view of women, and with bitter descriptions of the women in the story and their fate, it considers the root of their helplessness to be patriarchy, which prevents their talents from emerging. will be Due to the reflection of the critical view of Mohammad Al-Naas in the context of the mentioned novel and in accordance with the critical aesthetic view of the Frankfurt School that art and literature should fight with the existing conditions with a negative and oppositional approach in order to reach the desired conditions, we decided to write the novel Based on this theory, let's examine it in a descriptive-analytical way. This article is an attempt to analyze and examine this critical point of view. The findings of the research show that Mohammad Al-Naas's point of view is compatible with the critical approach of the Frankfurt School and it shows that he has criticized their situation in society with the objective of informing the society and improving the status of women, with an opposing and negative point of view. By creating a contrast between traditional and modern women in her story, she criticizes the ruling patriarchal system and the oppressions that have been inflicted on women, and with the help of male characters against the patriarchal system, she tries to inform the women and men of her society about their position. A woman and her prominent role in the family and society.
Literature
نرجس ghabeli; alireza asadi; ali soltani
Abstract
As a cultural product, the novel represents a society with various discourses. Each of these discourses, with their own configurations, are constantly trying to find their ideal to make their meanings hegemonic. The current research is an attempt to analyze the discourse semiotics of gender with an emphasis ...
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As a cultural product, the novel represents a society with various discourses. Each of these discourses, with their own configurations, are constantly trying to find their ideal to make their meanings hegemonic. The current research is an attempt to analyze the discourse semiotics of gender with an emphasis on the theory of "Laclau "and "Mouffe" in the two novels "This street has no speed bumps" and "Rahesh". Based on this, the main issue in the current research is how "gender" is represented in these novels.Also, how gender thoughts have been reflected through the author's mentality in writing the novel and what is the author's point of view towards them. In terms of methodology, the upcoming research is considered a descriptive and qualitative research, which data collection is done by library method. According to this method, the analysis of the novel includes three levels: textual analysis, intertextual analysis and contextual analysis. Textual analysis is dedicated to the semiotics of the novel's characters and finding the discourse order of the novel; In intertextual analysis, each novel is compared with novels of the same period, and in contextual analysis, the relationship of the novel with the larger social space is examined.Finally, the analysis of the propositions revealed that the main concern and theme of the novels; The obvious conflict between tradition and modernity lies in the social construction of gender, which is implicitly included in the inner layers of the text and lexical reflection, and the main characters and theme of the novels; The obvious conflict between tradition and modernity lies in the social construction of gender, which is implicitly included in the inner layers of the text and lexical reflection, and the main characters of the novels are in the conflict between the biological construction of gender and its social construction at all stages.
Historic
Abstract
Nazism and women:
Reflection of Nazi attitudes about women in the weekly newspaper "Nameh Iran-e Bastan"
Abstract:
In the contemporary world, women have been considered in different ways as a subject for propagandizing modernism, religious traditionalism, a criterion for the development of ...
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Nazism and women:
Reflection of Nazi attitudes about women in the weekly newspaper "Nameh Iran-e Bastan"
Abstract:
In the contemporary world, women have been considered in different ways as a subject for propagandizing modernism, religious traditionalism, a criterion for the development of citizenship rights, etc. In the doctrine of the National Socialist Party of Germany, women were considered as a means to increase the population and increase the political-military power of the country. In Iran, at the same time, the approach to the women as a means of modernity and a factor for increase of population and to create a strong central government was noticed in some Journals such as "Nameh-h Iran Bastan". This research seeks to answer the question that what was the position of women in this Journal and how were the views and program of Nazi Germany reflected in it? This research was carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on the content analysis of the weekly newspaper "Nameh Iran Bastan" during the 4 years of its publication. Nameh Iran Bastan was started in 1933 under the management of Abdul Rahman Saif Azad, who was a pro German Nazism party, when Hitler came to power in Germany and continued until 1936.
The results of research shows that according to defense of this weekly newspaper to fascism, along with a modern understanding of the women in the society, they are mentioned as an effective tool for childbearing and as a result increasing the military power of the country. Contrary to the traditional view that does not allow women to enter the field of sports and political-social activities, in this modern view women are semi-divine beings in terms of the creation of the nation, who, while entering the field of social activity, he should do her most important duty, i.e. childbearing and upbringing them.
Key words: First Pahlavi, Modernity, Nazism, Procreation, Women.
Art
Ghufran Brimo; Effatolsadat Afzaltousi
Abstract
Illustrating children's book covers plays a significant role as a medium in conveying cultural concepts to them. Images that reference specific cultural concepts of a community or a region can indirectly strengthen the cultural identity of children.
The present study aims to answer the question ...
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Illustrating children's book covers plays a significant role as a medium in conveying cultural concepts to them. Images that reference specific cultural concepts of a community or a region can indirectly strengthen the cultural identity of children.
The present study aims to answer the question of how the cultural identity of girls and women is depicted in the cover illustrations of children's stories in Arabic-speaking countries. Therefore, with the goal of understanding cultural identity, especially Arab identity among Arab-speaking girls and women, the study has conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis. In this regard, 249 cover designs from six Arab countries including Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates were examined for the age group (B). The research method is analytical-comparative.
The results show that Arab girls' identity is expressed through Islamic adornments, while the identity of adult women is depicted through botanical decorations, historical symbols, and wearing the veil. the identity of elderly women is emphasized with a focus on the veil, which is one of the most prominent visual symbols. However, this symbol is less prominent in Lebanon and Syria.The results indicate that the UAE is the richest country in terms of cultural visual symbols, while Syria is the weakest in this regard. Arab girls' and women's faces are prominent in most images, and the palm tree, a symbol of natural geography, plays a significant role in Arab identity, especially in Iraqi publications. Decorations also play an important role in representing the Islamic identity of these Arab countries, but they have had a minimal impact on showcasing the local identity of each country. Older women on the cover illustrations are often veiled, and the veil is one of the most prominent visual symbols. However, in Lebanon and Syria, this symbol is less prominent across all age groups. It seems that a general conclusion can be drawn that the identity of Arab girls and women on the covers of children's books in Arabic-speaking countries in the present study is a blend of Arab and Islamic identity, with a particular emphasis on geographical and natural symbols.
