Research Paper
Art
Tuba Mozafari nezhad; Esmaeil Najar
Abstract
The present research, with drawing from Gayatri Chakravarty Spivak's theories of "Subaltern Studies", conducts a comparative analysis of two plays: Nine Parts of Desire by Heather Raffo and Mastaneh, the History of the Forgotten by Naghmeh Samini. Spivak believes that comparative studies in world literature, ...
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The present research, with drawing from Gayatri Chakravarty Spivak's theories of "Subaltern Studies", conducts a comparative analysis of two plays: Nine Parts of Desire by Heather Raffo and Mastaneh, the History of the Forgotten by Naghmeh Samini. Spivak believes that comparative studies in world literature, which today are mainly carried out in line with the logic of globalization in the capitalist era, under the domination of world powers, are not a true echo of the history and experiences of the people of that region. She believes that today, the field of literature, only is a tool to maintain the survival of Western powers, and when they intend to study others, they label them as "Third World" and look at them as an undeveloped "other". These criticisms increase when the western world deals with subordinate subjects, especially female gender, because they only present an appearance of the situation of women in the direction of their goals, which ultimately lead to a limited idealistic and essentialist policy. When representing subalterns, especially with the female gender, it only presents a shade of it, for the sake of its own goals, and reaches an idealistic and essentialist policy. But the subaltern subject, when she speaks and acts as a woman, knows that a growing and expanding gender is the best possible state for her. In the shadow of this game, it is unfortunate that another history of the oppressed, which has been neglected, should be revealed by the subjugated and marginalized people. In this research, by studying a selection of Spivak's theoretical works, namely Death of a Discipline (2003), "Can the Subaltern Speak?" (1985) and "Rethinking Comparativism” (2009), it will be illustrated that the Subaltern can express herself and her pure experiences through literature without help, correction, and global powers. . . . .
Research Paper
Art
Afrooz Khaleghi; Morteza Lak; Hoda Shabrang
Abstract
This article seeks to examine the illustrated editions of Shakespeare's plays, whose images were printed by the use of metal engraving, in order to find the most determining factors that affect the way of understanding the female characters in the play, and to answer the question, "What is the Victorian ...
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This article seeks to examine the illustrated editions of Shakespeare's plays, whose images were printed by the use of metal engraving, in order to find the most determining factors that affect the way of understanding the female characters in the play, and to answer the question, "What is the Victorian portrayal of women’s main features in Shakespeare's editions?" Since advanced types of engraving such as steel engraving, outline engraving, stipple, daguerreotype and photogravure were among the main techniques for reproducing images in the Victorian period, representing Shakespeare's women as aesthetic paratexts of 19th century printed editions was an artistic selection which added a layer of non-textual appeal to the plays and enhanced the reading quality and hermeneutic understanding of the characters. In other words, artists and editors sought to emphasise their beauty, strength, and complexity by depicting Shakespeare's heroines in visually appealing ways. Therefore, the illustrations in these editions provided the readers with a richer interpretation of the characters and potentially influenced their understanding of the characters in the play. Moreover, in this era, the images went from emphasising the conceptual and semantic connection of the images of women with the text, which was common in the eighteenth century, to simply representing the beauty of women. It is worth mentioning that to fully describe this process, William John Thomas Mitchell's ideas about the importance of visual presentation of literary texts will be relied upon.
Research Paper
Literature
نرجس ghabeli; alireza asadi; ali soltani
Abstract
Novels, As cultural products, represent a society with various discourses. Each discourse, with its own configurations, is constantly trying to make its meanings hegemonic. The current research is an attempt to analyze the discourse semiotics of gender with an emphasis on the theory of Laclau and Mufehe ...
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Novels, As cultural products, represent a society with various discourses. Each discourse, with its own configurations, is constantly trying to make its meanings hegemonic. The current research is an attempt to analyze the discourse semiotics of gender with an emphasis on the theory of Laclau and Mufehe in the two novels "This street has no speed bumps" and "Rahesh". The main issue in the current research is how "gender" is represented in these novels. Also, how gender thoughts are reflected through the author's mentality in writing the novel and what is the author's point of view towards them. In terms of methodology, it is a descriptive and qualitative research, which uses library method to collect data. According to this method, the analysis of the novel includes three levels: textual analysis, intertextual analysis, contextual analysis. Textual analysis is dedicated to the semiotics of the novel's characters and finding the discourse order of the novel; In intertextual analysis, each novel is compared with novels of the same period; in contextual analysis, the relationship between the novel and larger social space is examined. Finally, the analysis of the propositions revealed that the main concern and theme of the novels; The obvious conflict between tradition and modernity lies in the social construction of gender, which is implicitly included in the inner layers of the text and lexical reflection, and the main character of the novels at all stages are in the conflict between the biological construction of gender and its social construction.
Research Paper
Art
Maryam Mounesi Sorkheh
Abstract
The management of the body and its relationship with sociology of the body defines man as a corporeal agent.The problem is to understand the relationship between body management and the choice of social clothing (clothes that can be used outside the home, in line with customary standards) from a sociological ...
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The management of the body and its relationship with sociology of the body defines man as a corporeal agent.The problem is to understand the relationship between body management and the choice of social clothing (clothes that can be used outside the home, in line with customary standards) from a sociological perspective.Body management, in the sense of continuous monitoring and manipulation of appearance features, has a direct relationship with choosing the type of clothing. Question: What are the factors influencing the selection of women's social clothing, with Foucault's and Giddens' body management approach? The aim of the research is to know the factors of women's social dress selection for body display according to the body management approach. The research method is analytical, correlation and survey and information collection, library and field. The statistical population of 20 to 30-year-old Tehrani women and the sample number is 384 people. the data was collected using a questionnaire using a simple random method. The findings showed that body management is variable in social structures. Sometimes the choice of social clothing is to match the thinking of others in the society and as a tool of power; Sometimes it is to achieve positive acceptances and in line with social activities. The findings showed that body management is variable in social structures. Sometimes the choice of social clothing is to match the thinking of others in the society and as a tool of power; Sometimes it is to achieve positive acceptances and in line with social activities.
Research Paper
Art
Ghufran Brimo; Effatolsadat Afzaltousi
Abstract
Illustrating children's book covers plays a significant role in conveying cultural concepts to them. The cultural identity of children can be indirectly reinforced by images that reference specific cultural concepts of a community or a region.This study aims to answer the question of how the cultural ...
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Illustrating children's book covers plays a significant role in conveying cultural concepts to them. The cultural identity of children can be indirectly reinforced by images that reference specific cultural concepts of a community or a region.This study aims to answer the question of how the cultural identity of girls and women is represented in the cover illustrations of children's stories in Arabic-speaking countries. To gain insight into cultural identity, particularly Arab identity among Arabic-speaking girls and women, it analyzes the statistical population. In this context, 249 cover designs from six Arab countries including Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE were examined for the age group (B). Results show that the UAE is the most wealthy nation in terms of cultural visual representations, while Syria is the least prosperous in this regard. Arab girls' and women's faces are prominent in most images, and the palm tree, a symbol of natural geography, plays a significant role in Arab identity, especially in Iraq publications. Older women on the cover illustrations are often veiled, and the veil is one of the most prominent visual symbols. Nevertheless, in Lebanon and Syria, this symbol is less prominent across all age categories. It appears that a general conclusion can be derived regarding the identity of Arab girls and women on the covers of children's books in Arabic-speaking countries in the present study. This identity is a combination of Arab and Islamic identity, with a particular emphasis on geographical and natural symbols.
Research Paper
psychology
ghodrattollah alirezaei; Gholamreza Salemian; fateme kolahchian
Abstract
In his analytical psychology, the Swiss psychiatrist Jung has proposed many examples of archetypes that can be useful criteria for measuring, reviewing, and analyzing the literary works in psychological critique. One of the most important and vital archetypes is the archetype of the "exemplary mother", ...
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In his analytical psychology, the Swiss psychiatrist Jung has proposed many examples of archetypes that can be useful criteria for measuring, reviewing, and analyzing the literary works in psychological critique. One of the most important and vital archetypes is the archetype of the "exemplary mother", which is a mental and universal image of human personality and individuality and it is manifested in both positive and negative forms. Simin Behbahani is one of the contemporary poets of Persian literature whose motherly exemplary works have been reflected in her poems. The present research, which has been done by analytical-descriptive method, seeks to discover the archeological exemplary manifestations of the mother in Simin Behbahani's poetic concepts and poetic structures and to identify their positive and negative manifestations in the light of mythological-psychological critique. The results show 60% reflection of the positive and 40% negative manifestations of the exemplary mother. She has an example in Simin's poetry; in the positive form, including respectively; frequency, plant identification, congenital, reproduction, enthusiasm and enthusiasm are the most common manifestations in the spring. In the negative aspect, the highest frequency is related to the negative seasons, death thinking, night, swamp, sterile ground.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Research Paper
Art
Maryam Nikravesh; Abbas Namjoo
Abstract
Women's clothing as a post-revolutionary social phenomenon has undergone many changes and daily/street style has diversified. The artistic clothing (one of the common styles in recent decades) is considered as one of the subcultures that shape Iranian culture, therefore, this study was conducted with ...
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Women's clothing as a post-revolutionary social phenomenon has undergone many changes and daily/street style has diversified. The artistic clothing (one of the common styles in recent decades) is considered as one of the subcultures that shape Iranian culture, therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of knowing the artistic style and the tendency of girls and women of Tehran towards artistic style and trying to answer the ratio of clothing trend to artistic style and the influencing factors in it. In this study (descriptive-survey), the population includes girls and women aged 20 to 40 who wear artistic clothing. The sample (123 people) was selected from artistic/non-artistic groups, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. According to the findings, there is a significant relationship between the academic field and artistic careers in the tendency towards artistic style. There is a significant relationship between variety and freedom in design/color, accessories, attractiveness, use and combination of traditional, modern and hand-embroidered motifs. There is a significant relationship between advertising spreading in social networks, increasing art departments and academic/non-academic artists, rethinking the identity of women in Iranian society with a tendency towards the artistic style. The results show that the artistic style is more abundant among artists. The tendency of non-artistic fields showed that artistic style as one of the styles of a specific subculture has an influence on other members of the society. A wide range of designs, colors, and models showed the greatest effect in the tendency towards the artistic style.
Research Paper
Historic
mohammadjavad najafi; Mohammed Hussain ragby Davani; mohammad sepehri
Abstract
Recognizing and examining historical examples of the position and performance of women poets in early Islamic countries and their comparison, in addition to being novel and new in terms of research, is discussed here as the main issue of the article. The purpose of the research is to determine the importance ...
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Recognizing and examining historical examples of the position and performance of women poets in early Islamic countries and their comparison, in addition to being novel and new in terms of research, is discussed here as the main issue of the article. The purpose of the research is to determine the importance of the Messenger of God (pbuh) to the position of women poets and to consider their role in the political and social arenas by him and to compare the performance of the governments of the so-called rightly caliphs with the life of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) in This is the case. In this regard, the research question is proposed as follows; To what extent did the governments of the three caliphs and Hazrat Ali (AS) pay attention to the position of women poets according to the performance of the Prophet's government?The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting library and documentary data. The findings of this research show that most of the narratives about the position and influence of women poets of the Islamic government at the beginning of Islam were related to the era of Prophetic and Alawi rule, which is derived from two schools of thought and two different management styles in this regard. The first one tries to adjust the position of Muslim women poets based on religious criteria and thus improve it, and the second one tries to adjust this position as he likes based on personal
Research Paper
Sociology
Halimeh Enayat; Marzieh Askari
Abstract
Art is a fundamental component of the culture of a society, and its motifs can serve as a reflection of the society’s cultural, social, political, and economic status. In this investigation, the text of Mohammad Yaghoubi’s drama “Drought and Lie” from the 2000s serves as the data ...
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Art is a fundamental component of the culture of a society, and its motifs can serve as a reflection of the society’s cultural, social, political, and economic status. In this investigation, the text of Mohammad Yaghoubi’s drama “Drought and Lie” from the 2000s serves as the data for analysis. The purpose of this research is to study the concept of gender in the aforementioned text in order to identify the manner in which this concept is generated or perpetuated within the context of the social conditions of Iran in the 2000s. Ruth Wodak’s discourse-historical approach has been selected in the research methodology section. The research results indicate that the drama “Drought and Lie” presents the definition of gender and gender roles in a state that is between the traditional official dominant discourse and the modern discourse (as the rival discourse), which was established in the 2000s, by employing the historical-social horizons of the era and utilizing Wodak’s fivefold strategies to analyze the linguistic aspects of words, phrases, and key contents of the text. The final conclusion posits that the author of the drama “Drought and Lie” has effectively conveyed the position of Iran's transitional society toward modernity in the 2000s, as well as the repercussions of cultural changes in the private sphere of family and marital relations.
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