Research Paper
Art
Soheila Khosravi; Roshanak Davari
Abstract
One of the objectives of this field is to foster the empowerment of women and the development of local economies through a variety of methods, such as social entrepreneurship, within the framework of sustainable development.
The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the role of Bakhtiari women ...
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One of the objectives of this field is to foster the empowerment of women and the development of local economies through a variety of methods, such as social entrepreneurship, within the framework of sustainable development.
The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the role of Bakhtiari women in the development of the local economy and tourism in Iran, with a particular focus on the significance of social entrepreneurship and the production of traditional Bakhtiari clothing as critical factors in this development.
Qualitative and quantitative methodologies were implemented in this investigation. Questionnaires and field interviews with residents of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, as well as library research, have been implemented to gather data. The statistical population consists of Bakhtiari women, with a sample size of 389 individuals, and data analysis was conducted using statistical methods and analytical models.
The results of this study indicate that the Bakhtiari women have a significant impact on the tourism and local economy. Through social entrepreneurship, they address the creation of employment opportunities and the development of local economic activities. The primary occupation of the Bakhtiari people is the production of traditional apparel, which plays a unique role in the empowerment of women and the promotion of cultural and historical tourism in the designated regions. Based on the findings, the development of social entrepreneurship and the production of traditional apparel can contribute to the improved welfare of individuals in these communities and local areas. A suitable step toward attaining sustainable development goals can be taken by considering this matter and taking appropriate measures to support and develop these activities in local policy-making and planning.
Research Paper
Historic
ziba ghafory
Abstract
In the constitutional era, Iranian women gradually entered the media. First, the women of the capital city entered this arena, and shortly after, the women of the cities also entered this arena, and soon they succeeded in doing significant activities in this field and publishing important publications. ...
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In the constitutional era, Iranian women gradually entered the media. First, the women of the capital city entered this arena, and shortly after, the women of the cities also entered this arena, and soon they succeeded in doing significant activities in this field and publishing important publications. The present study tries to answer the question of how the " Nedaya Iran" and " Nedaya Irani" magazines looked at political and social issues in Iran in the years 1326 to 1331.Based on the findings of the research, the newspapers Nedaya Iran and Nedaya Irani, which were published in Shiraz in the 20s by Mrs. Nusrat Al-Mouluk Kashmirizadeh, have taken a critical look at the political and social issues of their time.These newspapers, in the field of political affairs, criticized the performance of the statesmen with sharp articles and analyzes and strongly opposed the underperforming and xenophobic statesmen. On the other hand, these newspapers also followed and reflected the social issues and problems of Shiraz city, and by demanding from the managers and officials of Shiraz, they wanted to address the problems of their city. Issues related to women were among the other issues considered by these two newspapers, and by raising women's concerns, they emphasized the need for change and transformation in society to improve the status of women.The research method in the current study is based on historical method and based on descriptive and analytical approach, and the method of collecting information is archival, library and field method (interview).
Research Paper
Literature
mitra farara; najmeh nazari; Esmaeel Balali; galavizh alizadeh
Abstract
AbstractIran's social developments in the last hundred years and the connection of Iranian women with the modern world, along with the acceleration of globalization and modernization, have caused some changes, including the revising of Feminine identity.The manifestation of Iranian women's rethinking ...
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AbstractIran's social developments in the last hundred years and the connection of Iranian women with the modern world, along with the acceleration of globalization and modernization, have caused some changes, including the revising of Feminine identity.The manifestation of Iranian women's rethinking of individual and social identity is observable in society and, as a result, in the novels of the last few decades. Fariba Vafi is one of the successful Iranian story writers who pays special attention to issues related to women and family. One of Vafi's concerns in his works, including in the novel "A Secret in the Alleys ", is the Iranian woman's identity.The current research, with a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the components of female identity and life in the novel " A Secret at Alleys" and issues such as identity crisis, wandering between modern and traditional identity, and retrieving and revising of feminine identity. The present research based on the view of social psychology studies the components of female identity and life in the novel "A Secret in the Alleys" and uncovers causes such as dreams, feelings and emotions, needs and desires and women's reactions to situations. In this novel, along with narrating the three generations of women's lives, the author deals with female identity and its related topics, such as identity crisis, recovery and revision of female identity, and Iranian women's transition from traditional identity to modern identity. The heavy shadow of all kinds of violence, especially by men towards women, can be seen throughout the novel. In this novel, the author criticizes the dominant gender stereotypes and ideology of society and emphasizes the need to revise the identity of women and their role and position in the family and society, consciously and avoiding extremes.
Research Paper
Art
hossein ardalani; marina kheirollahzadeh varzi
Abstract
The paintings of Iran Darodi, a contemporary Iranian female painter, which are created in the surrealist and symbolism style, would be a suitable platform for archetypal criticism. For, one of the fields of archetypes manifestation are artworks including paintings. From the point of analytical psychology ...
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The paintings of Iran Darodi, a contemporary Iranian female painter, which are created in the surrealist and symbolism style, would be a suitable platform for archetypal criticism. For, one of the fields of archetypes manifestation are artworks including paintings. From the point of analytical psychology view; archetypes are common, repeated and abstract concepts between different human societies that are rooted in the deeper part of the psyche in the collective unconscious and are reflected through the individual's consciousness and unconsciousness in fantasies, legends, dreams, delusions and artworks in the form of symbols and Myths.In fact, these symbols and myths are containers expressing archetypes, and via reading them, one can get to know more about the deeper layers of the human psyche. In this research, we will analyze the symbols of archetypes in three cases of Iran-Darroudis′ paintings, in order to answer the question of what is the role of the collective unconscious effect through the reflection of archetypes in Darroudis′ paintings. The purpose of this research is a new analytic with a different approach for a deeper understanding of the inner layers of Darroudis′ paintings. The research performed qualitatively on descriptive-analytical method. Collection of topics would be library base and observation as well. The results bespeak that the manifested symbols of sky, earth, ruins, flowers, pearls, and light are the main bold elements in Darroudis′ art works, which represent the archetypes of mother/woman, sky/father, ascension, and marriage.
Research Paper
Communications
Asal Razavi; Hossein Afrasiabi
Abstract
Patriarchy generally means male domination over the family. The role of women in maintaining, reproducing, and changing the patriarchal system in society is always one of the important discussions that have been raised in the continuation of the patriarchal structure in society. Discourses of power and ...
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Patriarchy generally means male domination over the family. The role of women in maintaining, reproducing, and changing the patriarchal system in society is always one of the important discussions that have been raised in the continuation of the patriarchal structure in society. Discourses of power and their role in social issues is a topic that has been recently noticed in the media and is represented in different ways.The purpose of this research is to examine the discourse of patriarchy and how it is represented in the film "Layla Brothers". Laila's Brothers is the latest film of Saeed Rustaee in which the discourse of patriarchy and the role of women in standing against it are represented. Among the different methods, this study is close to the qualitative method. Due to the critical dimensions and the discourse approach, the method used in this research is critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysis has been done on four levels: "surface level", "surface depth", "depth level" and "depth of depth". At the level of the surface, dialogues, scenes, and all language elements related to the selected topic are selected and at the next levels, it becomes richer and more abstract. Finally, in the depth of depth section, these linguistic elements are related to discourse practices, and the hidden discourse of the film is analyzed.
Research Paper
Art
Tuba Mozafari nezhad; Esmaeil Najar
Abstract
The present research, with drawing from Gayatri Chakravarty Spivak's theories of "Subaltern Studies", conducts a comparative analysis of two plays: Nine Parts of Desire by Heather Raffo and Mastaneh, the History of the Forgotten by Naghmeh Samini. Spivak believes that comparative studies in world literature, ...
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The present research, with drawing from Gayatri Chakravarty Spivak's theories of "Subaltern Studies", conducts a comparative analysis of two plays: Nine Parts of Desire by Heather Raffo and Mastaneh, the History of the Forgotten by Naghmeh Samini. Spivak believes that comparative studies in world literature, which today are mainly carried out in line with the logic of globalization in the capitalist era, under the domination of world powers, are not a true echo of the history and experiences of the people of that region. She believes that today, the field of literature, only is a tool to maintain the survival of Western powers, and when they intend to study others, they label them as "Third World" and look at them as an undeveloped "other". These criticisms increase when the western world deals with subordinate subjects, especially female gender, because they only present an appearance of the situation of women in the direction of their goals, which ultimately lead to a limited idealistic and essentialist policy. When representing subalterns, especially with the female gender, it only presents a shade of it, for the sake of its own goals, and reaches an idealistic and essentialist policy. But the subaltern subject, when she speaks and acts as a woman, knows that a growing and expanding gender is the best possible state for her. In the shadow of this game, it is unfortunate that another history of the oppressed, which has been neglected, should be revealed by the subjugated and marginalized people. In this research, by studying a selection of Spivak's theoretical works, namely Death of a Discipline (2003), "Can the Subaltern Speak?" (1985) and "Rethinking Comparativism” (2009), it will be illustrated that the Subaltern can express herself and her pure experiences through literature without help, correction, and global powers. . . . .
Research Paper
Literature
Shafiullah Salik; Mahsa Rone
Abstract
Color is considered one of the personality measurement criteria in modern psychology; because each color has a special effect on the mind and body of the viewer and represents his mental state. And every literary work also consciously or unconsciously expresses the thought, intellectual structure, and ...
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Color is considered one of the personality measurement criteria in modern psychology; because each color has a special effect on the mind and body of the viewer and represents his mental state. And every literary work also consciously or unconsciously expresses the thought, intellectual structure, and worldview of its creator. Also, poetry, originating from the poet's emotions and feelings, is considered a mirror of his whole mental and spiritual aspect. Max Luscher's color psychology is an approach based on which the choice of colors helps to understand the human psyche. In this research, the poetry of Forough Farrokhzad and Khaleda Forough, one of the contemporary poets of the romantic movement of Iran and Afghanistan, has been analyzed based on the mentioned theory. The quality and extent of the use of colors in their poems show that in Forough Farrokhzad's poetry, black color is the first choice, which expresses his inner conflicts, dissatisfaction, and disgust with the environment and his depression and isolation. But the frequent use of green next to black indicates his hope for changing the destiny and transformation of society. Khaleda Forough's first choice is green - a symbol of faith, freedom, and peace - and black next to it represents tyranny, suffocation, and social unrest. Examining these two poets' poetry notebooks indicates that calm and hopeful colors gradually replace dark colors. This shows their desire and hope for a better life and interest in creating suitable changes for the image pulling their emotions. In fact, by examining Luscher's applied colors in the poems of these two poets, we come to the conclusion that although Forough Farrokhzad and Khaleda Forough are both among rheumatic poets, Farrokhzad's poetry speaks of an individual self. He sees the society and the times against his will and himself as a captive who screams for liberation, but Khaleda Forough's poetry is a narration of the social ego and his cry is not his only cry, and his poems are a struggle and stand for freedom and peace in the light of faith.
Research Paper
Literature
Ayoob Moradi; mansoureh shahriyari
Abstract
Shohalter's approach, known for its critique of the current state and tradition of women's writing, provides a platform for examining women's literature through the lens of gender differences. Shohalter analyzes literary content and structure by considering biological, linguistic, psychological, and ...
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Shohalter's approach, known for its critique of the current state and tradition of women's writing, provides a platform for examining women's literature through the lens of gender differences. Shohalter analyzes literary content and structure by considering biological, linguistic, psychological, and cultural factors. The protagonist of this story is a lonely woman who is unjustly driven away from her home due to false accusations by her husband and becomes a wanderer in Tehran. In the novel, male characters, collectively or individually, play a role in the protagonist's tragic fate, while female characters, despite their futile efforts, strive to support her. The author creates an imaginary place called "Goran" to depict the historical oppression of women by a male-dominated culture. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of Iranian women's writing in the novel "Peyadeh" using Shohalter's fourfold approach through a descriptive-analytical method. The results demonstrate that topics such as pregnancy and childbirth, relationships with men, maternal attributes, and connections among women can be examined from a biological, psychological, and linguistic perspective based on Shohalter's framework. Furthermore, a notable stylistic feature of the text is its unique blend of native Iranian narrative style, combining third-person and first-person perspectives with the utilization of emotional sentences, reminiscent of storytelling among Iranian women
Research Paper
Art
Afrooz Khaleghi; Morteza Lak; Hoda Shabrang
Abstract
This article seeks to examine the illustrated editions of Shakespeare's plays, whose images were printed by the use of metal engraving, in order to find the most determining factors that affect the way of understanding the female characters in the play, and to answer the question, "What is the Victorian ...
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This article seeks to examine the illustrated editions of Shakespeare's plays, whose images were printed by the use of metal engraving, in order to find the most determining factors that affect the way of understanding the female characters in the play, and to answer the question, "What is the Victorian portrayal of women’s main features in Shakespeare's editions?" Since advanced types of engraving such as steel engraving, outline engraving, stipple, daguerreotype and photogravure were among the main techniques for reproducing images in the Victorian period, representing Shakespeare's women as aesthetic paratexts of 19th century printed editions was an artistic selection which added a layer of non-textual appeal to the plays and enhanced the reading quality and hermeneutic understanding of the characters. In other words, artists and editors sought to emphasise their beauty, strength, and complexity by depicting Shakespeare's heroines in visually appealing ways. Therefore, the illustrations in these editions provided the readers with a richer interpretation of the characters and potentially influenced their understanding of the characters in the play. Moreover, in this era, the images went from emphasising the conceptual and semantic connection of the images of women with the text, which was common in the eighteenth century, to simply representing the beauty of women. It is worth mentioning that to fully describe this process, William John Thomas Mitchell's ideas about the importance of visual presentation of literary texts will be relied upon.
Research Paper
Literature
نرجس ghabeli; alireza asadi; ali soltani
Abstract
Novels, As cultural products, represent a society with various discourses. Each discourse, with its own configurations, is constantly trying to make its meanings hegemonic. The current research is an attempt to analyze the discourse semiotics of gender with an emphasis on the theory of Laclau and Mufehe ...
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Novels, As cultural products, represent a society with various discourses. Each discourse, with its own configurations, is constantly trying to make its meanings hegemonic. The current research is an attempt to analyze the discourse semiotics of gender with an emphasis on the theory of Laclau and Mufehe in the two novels "This street has no speed bumps" and "Rahesh". The main issue in the current research is how "gender" is represented in these novels. Also, how gender thoughts are reflected through the author's mentality in writing the novel and what is the author's point of view towards them. In terms of methodology, it is a descriptive and qualitative research, which uses library method to collect data. According to this method, the analysis of the novel includes three levels: textual analysis, intertextual analysis, contextual analysis. Textual analysis is dedicated to the semiotics of the novel's characters and finding the discourse order of the novel; In intertextual analysis, each novel is compared with novels of the same period; in contextual analysis, the relationship between the novel and larger social space is examined. Finally, the analysis of the propositions revealed that the main concern and theme of the novels; The obvious conflict between tradition and modernity lies in the social construction of gender, which is implicitly included in the inner layers of the text and lexical reflection, and the main character of the novels at all stages are in the conflict between the biological construction of gender and its social construction.
Research Paper
Art
Maryam Mounesi Sorkheh
Abstract
The management of the body and its relationship with sociology of the body defines man as a corporeal agent.The problem is to understand the relationship between body management and the choice of social clothing (clothes that can be used outside the home, in line with customary standards) from a sociological ...
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The management of the body and its relationship with sociology of the body defines man as a corporeal agent.The problem is to understand the relationship between body management and the choice of social clothing (clothes that can be used outside the home, in line with customary standards) from a sociological perspective.Body management, in the sense of continuous monitoring and manipulation of appearance features, has a direct relationship with choosing the type of clothing. Question: What are the factors influencing the selection of women's social clothing, with Foucault's and Giddens' body management approach? The aim of the research is to know the factors of women's social dress selection for body display according to the body management approach. The research method is analytical, correlation and survey and information collection, library and field. The statistical population of 20 to 30-year-old Tehrani women and the sample number is 384 people. the data was collected using a questionnaire using a simple random method. The findings showed that body management is variable in social structures. Sometimes the choice of social clothing is to match the thinking of others in the society and as a tool of power; Sometimes it is to achieve positive acceptances and in line with social activities. The findings showed that body management is variable in social structures. Sometimes the choice of social clothing is to match the thinking of others in the society and as a tool of power; Sometimes it is to achieve positive acceptances and in line with social activities.
Research Paper
Art
Ghufran Brimo; Effatolsadat Afzaltousi
Abstract
Illustrating children's book covers plays a significant role in conveying cultural concepts to them. The cultural identity of children can be indirectly reinforced by images that reference specific cultural concepts of a community or a region.This study aims to answer the question of how the cultural ...
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Illustrating children's book covers plays a significant role in conveying cultural concepts to them. The cultural identity of children can be indirectly reinforced by images that reference specific cultural concepts of a community or a region.This study aims to answer the question of how the cultural identity of girls and women is represented in the cover illustrations of children's stories in Arabic-speaking countries. To gain insight into cultural identity, particularly Arab identity among Arabic-speaking girls and women, it analyzes the statistical population. In this context, 249 cover designs from six Arab countries including Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE were examined for the age group (B). Results show that the UAE is the most wealthy nation in terms of cultural visual representations, while Syria is the least prosperous in this regard. Arab girls' and women's faces are prominent in most images, and the palm tree, a symbol of natural geography, plays a significant role in Arab identity, especially in Iraq publications. Older women on the cover illustrations are often veiled, and the veil is one of the most prominent visual symbols. Nevertheless, in Lebanon and Syria, this symbol is less prominent across all age categories. It appears that a general conclusion can be derived regarding the identity of Arab girls and women on the covers of children's books in Arabic-speaking countries in the present study. This identity is a combination of Arab and Islamic identity, with a particular emphasis on geographical and natural symbols.
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