Editorial
Volume 6, Issue 4 , January 2015, Pages 1-2
Research Paper
Archeology
Mohamad Ebrahim Zarei; khadijeh Sharif Kazemi
Abstract
Music in Iran has a long history. In the early Islamic period, music was denounced. In the Umayyad period, music still faced opposition from some jurisprudents and a group of Muslims. But in the next century, due to positive attitude of governments as well as scientific attitudes of many scholars and ...
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Music in Iran has a long history. In the early Islamic period, music was denounced. In the Umayyad period, music still faced opposition from some jurisprudents and a group of Muslims. But in the next century, due to positive attitude of governments as well as scientific attitudes of many scholars and scientists of that era, arts received public attention. The design of women was carved on clay during the Seljuk and Ilkhanid for many reasons. These designs can be a valuable resource to check the state of music and social status of women. This article, studying pottery designs in the Medieval Islamic eralocated in the artistic treasures and based on ancient texts, aims to examine the social status of women and their role in the evolution of music art during that era. The current research is fundamental in terms of purpose and historical-analytical in terms of method. Data collection was performed using historical-library resources. Furthermore, pottery samples of museums during different periods, especially in medieval Islam with respect to central role of woman, have been analyzed. The results show that many musicians of the period, especially female musicians, had an appropriate social status. Moreover, ceramic designs of this period show that women played instruments such as strings and percussion more.
Research Paper
Farzaneh Rouhani Mashhadi
Abstract
In the Qur'an, men and women are equal in terms of human dignity and spiritual interest and faith; but God did not speak to women immediately and directly; especially in law verses, God speaks to men directly but He speaks to women as a third person (hidden person). In this paper, this problem has been ...
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In the Qur'an, men and women are equal in terms of human dignity and spiritual interest and faith; but God did not speak to women immediately and directly; especially in law verses, God speaks to men directly but He speaks to women as a third person (hidden person). In this paper, this problem has been analyzed in view of divine-social tasks in the Quran and it became clear that God has given hidden roles to women when He divides social roles. God has given this role as a gift to some of his favored servants presented in Quran. Sometimes hidden role is more important and effective than famous role. Usage of third person pronouns stresses the hidden role of women in society. Also this paper explains about inner and divine truth of hidden role of women and its effect on perfection of women.
Research Paper
Sociology
Asadollah Naghdi; Sara Darabi
Abstract
Expansion of cities in modern times with special complexity on one hand, and the issue of public areas and spaces, and possibility and quality of presence of women of these spaces on the other have given rise to the emergence of women and cities in literature of urban sociology. Within the context of ...
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Expansion of cities in modern times with special complexity on one hand, and the issue of public areas and spaces, and possibility and quality of presence of women of these spaces on the other have given rise to the emergence of women and cities in literature of urban sociology. Within the context of urban areas men and women are unequal. With the constant struggle to reclaim their right of space, women are forced to negotiate in various forms. The current research is qualitative in terms of method and semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 20 women from Ilam. The results show that feminine body is one of the most important restrictive factors, and fear of aggression and rape keeps women away from urban areas. Urban environment architecture has not considered an appropriate space for women with children and housewives, as well as, the special physiology of women which is considered a determinant factor of women’s lack of access to these areas. On the other hand, social and cultural factors in city are very important which consider women’s presence as socially constructed- a condition which makes women dependent on their husbands or children or other family members.
Research Paper
cultural
Mehran Sohrabzade; Atiye Hamami
Abstract
Mate selection is either the effect of the love or romantic relationship or a cause of formation of pre-marital romantic relationships among today’s generations. Few number of sociological researches performed in this area necessitates its examination. So, the current research aims to present ...
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Mate selection is either the effect of the love or romantic relationship or a cause of formation of pre-marital romantic relationships among today’s generations. Few number of sociological researches performed in this area necessitates its examination. So, the current research aims to present a deep understanding of romantic relationship and its destructive aspects among women. This study attempts to investigate the concept of love, reasons of women’s tendency to the romantic relationship and how they interact in such relationships. This study uses a qualitative research along with a case study method. Theoretical sampling according to the theoretical saturation and analytic induction gave rise to selection of 20 women who had experienced romantic relationships. Results showed that emotional reduction and strict importance of satisfaction of emotional need can lead to unequal romantic relationship, so women consider love as an emotional shelter. Conditions which intensify emotional need of women include: authoritarian/ neglecting family as well as emotional rivalry among friends; therefore, they see their beloved as the exclusive source to meet their emotional need. In conclusion, they pursue a behavioral passivity and identical simulation in their interaction with their beloved. The consequence will be that they will be socially neglected while facing emotional breakdown if split-up occurs.
Research Paper
Archeology
Bahman Firozmandi; Iraj Rezaie
Abstract
Due to shortage of contemporary written sources and archaeological evidence, our knowledge about different parts of the Median society is very incomplete and fragmentary; therefore, a detailed assessment of some related issues such as conditions of women in this period is difficult and sometimes risky. ...
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Due to shortage of contemporary written sources and archaeological evidence, our knowledge about different parts of the Median society is very incomplete and fragmentary; therefore, a detailed assessment of some related issues such as conditions of women in this period is difficult and sometimes risky. The results of this research, based on the same historical sources and archaeological evidence, show that Median society, like other contemporary societies, was a Patriarchal society in which father was the head of the household and other members including lady of the house were his followers. In traditional Median society, men’s and women’s jobs were defined and both genders had their own tasks based on their physical and mental capabilities and abilities. In addition, it seems that women played a role in making decisions within the family, strengthening its foundations, protecting family’s traditions and dynamics of the family and median’s society economy.
Research Paper
cultural
Zahra Hosseini; Mahshid Mirfakhraie
Abstract
The Mādayān ī hazār dādestān «The book of thousand judgements» only an incomplete manuscript of several legal collections of Sasanian era is at hand. Noinformation about the life of Farroxmard Vahrāmān (F son V) collector is available. In principle, it is possible that the book be ...
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The Mādayān ī hazār dādestān «The book of thousand judgements» only an incomplete manuscript of several legal collections of Sasanian era is at hand. Noinformation about the life of Farroxmard Vahrāmān (F son V) collector is available. In principle, it is possible that the book be written under the reign of Khosrow Parviz, the last king listed in the book. .This article will examine the legal term “gōhrēn kardan” in the book of thousand judgements. ōhrēn and gōhrēn kardan has been used in three sentences of this book. By examining these three sentences, the legal term is interpreted. By studying law and legal issues in Sasanian Iran, we see that the legal application of gōhrēn kardanis a serious phenomenon. The role of women in trade represents a serious presence in the social and economic areas to strengthen the foundation of family.
Research Paper
Literature
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi; Fahimeh Yeganeh Dizagwar
Abstract
Fiction has a special position because of its charisma and special charm and is considered as an important literary device; the most important task of story is to promote the moral and spiritual virtues of characters and to fight evil and injustices. Therefore, dedicated novelist should try not only ...
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Fiction has a special position because of its charisma and special charm and is considered as an important literary device; the most important task of story is to promote the moral and spiritual virtues of characters and to fight evil and injustices. Therefore, dedicated novelist should try not only to entertain the reader but also to be aware of his ultimate goal; which is to teach and to inform his reader. Najib Kilani, a prominent Islamic scholar and novelist in the contemporary period, also believes that by engaging different characters in the story, they can educate Islamic duty and religious lifestyle to the younger generation. In this article, we try to assess the female characterization in three novels by Najib Kilani entitled The Long Path, Killer of Hamza, The Man who Converted to Islam which have social, historical and Islamic themes, respectively. Kilani has used direct and indirect characterization methods and employed every type of personality, including static and dynamic, positive and negative. Female characters in all the three novels are secondary type which Kilani has used with expertise to achieve his main goal promoting Islamic culture.
Research Paper
Art
Maryam Ansari Yekta; Rezvan Ahmadi Payam
Abstract
The clothing of women depicted by artists under Timurid and Safavid dynasties is well represented in the surviving illustrations of Shahnameh Baisonghor and Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp. A descriptive-analytical survey of the related historical documents and a comparison of the illustrations of these two ...
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The clothing of women depicted by artists under Timurid and Safavid dynasties is well represented in the surviving illustrations of Shahnameh Baisonghor and Shahnameh of Shah Tahmasp. A descriptive-analytical survey of the related historical documents and a comparison of the illustrations of these two Shahnameh books will contribute to answering the following questions: from which aspects do the representations of the clothing of women in the two books conform to each other? What was the function of ornament in the women's clothing under Timurid and Safavid dynasties? The clothing of women over these two periods can be classified into three main parts, namely, head-wear, body-wear, and leg-wear. In general, representations of women's clothing in the two books are based on three features, i.e. ornamentation, the social status of women, and necessity of hijab. These features were realized in each book according to the governing norms as well as the individual taste of the illustrators. What is common between the two periods is the high regard in illustrations for women of all social strata in order to foreground their importance in the society.
Research Paper
