Literature
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi; Elahe Alikhani
Abstract
The present paper deals with examination of the terms listed in one hundred sonnets in Hafez’s poetic collection (Divan) where one may seemingly assume them as feminine terms in order to find their latent meanings and concepts and the point that whether the poet has intended to employ these terms ...
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The present paper deals with examination of the terms listed in one hundred sonnets in Hafez’s poetic collection (Divan) where one may seemingly assume them as feminine terms in order to find their latent meanings and concepts and the point that whether the poet has intended to employ these terms only for their apparent concepts or he has had some concepts beyond their apparent meanings in mind. This study is of qualitative type, research and methodology of this study is of documentary type (library) and the content analysis has been also employed qualitatively to analyze poems of Hafez. Although he has not explicitly referred to female character in his sonnets (despite the fact that there are some critiques from society about some of his sonnets, Hafez’s sonnet is perfectly mystic not social; in other words, they are some love poems totally concerned with glorification and praising of God), woman has very high and magnificent position in Hafez’ paradigm wherever Hafez intended to talk about his God he has described woman and her beauties for public perception and better conception and all of his lovely illustrations of female are allegory and allusion of the Lord and refer exactly to God.
Art
Elahe Shahrad
Abstract
With the advent of Ilkhan (Mongols) in Iran, the art of illustrating book was officially formed and, from this period onward, this art prospered. Great Mongolian shahnameh, the painting masterpiece of Ilkhanid era, was illustrated in Tabriz as the first courtly illustrated edition during the time of ...
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With the advent of Ilkhan (Mongols) in Iran, the art of illustrating book was officially formed and, from this period onward, this art prospered. Great Mongolian shahnameh, the painting masterpiece of Ilkhanid era, was illustrated in Tabriz as the first courtly illustrated edition during the time of Abu Sae'd Bahadorkhan; gradually afterward, other illustrated editions of Shahnaneh came into being. The purpose of this paper is to identify the social dimension of the great Shahnameh, and in particular the role and place of women in the pictures. The Author, using sociological approach, seeks to explore how art has reflected society. According to different adventures of this Shahname, 58 pictures of Shahnameh have remained that are scattered in museums and collections around the world. In this regard, 52 pictures of this Shahnameh are analyzed by analytic-descriptive method. Analysis tool is reflection theory in sociology of art. According to findings of the research, as women in Il Khanid era have special position and standing in the history of Iran, such that this era is known for equality of men and women, women are seen impressively and distinctively in pictures as well. These appearances in scenes with courtly themes are highlighted and the way of women's appearance in pictures is consistent with their life style. Thus, once again it's clear that the art works as a product of social values and beliefs are associated with their time.
Historic
Kolsom Ghazanfari; Hossein Badamchi; Parvin Davari
Abstract
The formation of marriage which is the foundation of family in both Islam and Zoroastrianism depends on certain requirements or conditions. The comparative study of these requirements or conditions shows certain similarities and differences between the two religions, and examining these issues can shed ...
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The formation of marriage which is the foundation of family in both Islam and Zoroastrianism depends on certain requirements or conditions. The comparative study of these requirements or conditions shows certain similarities and differences between the two religions, and examining these issues can shed light on the common tradition and shared heritage between the two. The present essay will first study the conditions of marriage from perspective of Zoroastrianism and then compares that standpoint to the Islamic law. The study shows that there are important differences between the two religions. This research deals with one problem from the perspective of the Zoroastrianism and then examines the same problem from the Islamic point of view. Common characteristics in conditions of marriage (age, consent of the guardian, consent of the girl and boy, and their social equality) and in the marriage contact itself (offer and acceptance, representation, witnesses and bride-wealth) between the two legal systems are noteworthy.
Hasan Karimian; Farid Ahmadzadeh; Hamid Norasi
Abstract
The aim of this study is to understand the status of Kurdish women in the Kermanshahan tribe community in the Qajar era and their impacts on social, economic, and political structures based on traveler's reports, documents and documented archaeological data in the region. Travelers provided the researchers ...
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The aim of this study is to understand the status of Kurdish women in the Kermanshahan tribe community in the Qajar era and their impacts on social, economic, and political structures based on traveler's reports, documents and documented archaeological data in the region. Travelers provided the researchers with a plenty of unique information about the life of the nomads and the tribes and other aspects of the social life of the women. They consider women to be the backbone of any effort and believe they have played an important role in the sustainability of the family and the tribe system. An interesting point is related to the preserved gravestone of women in this area, which belongs to the Qajar era. The motifs of the gravestones of the Kermanshahan tribe community have reflected the social and individual status of the deceased in their time. Therefore, this research is based on a descriptive and analytical approach and based on library resources and field data. Research findings show that Kurdish women in the Kermanshahan tribe community in the Qajar era have played the undeniable role in social, political and economic structures. Thus, we witness the presence of Kurdish women among the Kermanshahan tribesmen in the role of the lord and as the head of the society, the women as land owners, production of handicrafts and their role in the "waqf" operation.
Farideh Alavi; Zeinab Rezvantalab
Abstract
Having glanced at the history of women’s literature in Algeria, we will now study some women’s narratives through the famous writer Assia Djebar’s works with the descriptive-analysis method. The study shows that until the recent century the language and literature has been dominated ...
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Having glanced at the history of women’s literature in Algeria, we will now study some women’s narratives through the famous writer Assia Djebar’s works with the descriptive-analysis method. The study shows that until the recent century the language and literature has been dominated by the men reflecting the male point of view. However, as war was a major event experienced by women in a particular manner, the necessity for the female narratives and points of view is evident. Assia Djebar is the first Algerian female writer who addresses the independence war in the novel Children of the New World. Highly influential in the history of Algerian Literature, the novel is further proof of women’s talent in writing and eases other women’s entrance to this area. The war is a major and fixed theme throughout the works of Assia Djebar. Not only does Assia Djebar addresses the freedom of Algiers from a female point of view, but she also points out the importance of women’s freedom from social limitations and prejudice which differentiates her works from other war related literature. Furthermore, her portrayal of women’s specific issues, suffering, and their way of resistance signifies the women’s participation in the independence of the country, which has been overlooked or undermined in the works of male writers.
Historic
Ali Baghdar Delgosha; Homa Zanjani Zadeh
Abstract
One of the most important issues that women considered in their poetry, in Iran, was the problem of social inequality. An outstanding example of the kind of issues can be found in the published press of late Qajar periods. This study as a descriptive-analytic research emphasizes on all the remaining ...
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One of the most important issues that women considered in their poetry, in Iran, was the problem of social inequality. An outstanding example of the kind of issues can be found in the published press of late Qajar periods. This study as a descriptive-analytic research emphasizes on all the remaining numbers of women’s letters of Banavan Newspaper as the first newspaper publishing various women’s poems, from a sociological perspective to analyze the main issue of women poets dangled in their thoughts and poems. The studies show that the main issue in these women's poems is to criticize gender inequalities in the Iranian society and the main focus of these poems is mostly on Iranian women. A special emphasis has been placed on the “female gender” pattern. Due to the issue of social equality, the comparing pattern is men’s social right and position. In conclusion, change of social view towards women and their education are the main solutions which have been proposed to eliminate gender inequality in the society.
Archeology
Behrouz Afkhami; Zeynab Khosravi
Abstract
Xwēdōdah had been one of the cultural issues in ancient Iran based on political thought. Xwēdōdah was especially common among royal families. Xwēdōdah tradition has been carried out for a very long period of time; the same factor explains the importance of this tradition. The emergence of this ...
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Xwēdōdah had been one of the cultural issues in ancient Iran based on political thought. Xwēdōdah was especially common among royal families. Xwēdōdah tradition has been carried out for a very long period of time; the same factor explains the importance of this tradition. The emergence of this tradition based on archaeological evidence dates back to the Elamite era which continued in Achaemenid era with some changes. In the ancient Iran, religion and politics were heavily influenced by “life-worlds” having harmonic horizons. In this paper, Xwēdōdah is viewed as a ritual demand of political thought in line with the reign immortality which existed in two Elamite and Achaemenid eras and also continued into Sassanid era in another form. This research, using a phenomenological approach, studies the essence and reason of continuation of this ritual along with an objective interpretation of such evidence as water, woman, snake and abstract concepts like "Snake Goddess". Finally, it is concluded that belief in totems and their holiness originate from the demands of political thought on the basis of religion, by the institution of politics and power in both Elamite and Achaemenid eras.
Art
farzad feyzi; Behrooz Afkhami; sara sadeghi
Abstract
Urban legends and fairytales use symbols and archetypes to bring forth, and describe, individual and collective actions and reactions in a society. Using an approach of both descriptive and comparative nature, the present article uses narrative analysis method to conduct an exploration of two similar ...
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Urban legends and fairytales use symbols and archetypes to bring forth, and describe, individual and collective actions and reactions in a society. Using an approach of both descriptive and comparative nature, the present article uses narrative analysis method to conduct an exploration of two similar legends of Beauty and the Beast, from European culture, and Shāhmār, from Iranian culture. The research question is the following; in the two narratives under study, what is described as the ideal epitome of a woman through the evolutionary course of moving from girlhood to womanhood by means of marriage? To answer this question, using the notion of “transformation” in the ideas of John Hinnells as well as the description of marriage as the “transformation of matrimony” based upon the ideas of Joseph Campbell about the evolutionary journey of mythical heroes, the condition of the heroines of both legends- along their path that leads to transformation of matrimony- was studied and analyzed. The results of the research show that the evolution of the heroine of Beauty and the Beast is based upon going past the state of girlhood to the state of womanhood by means of love and union with a creature which looks like a beast, a creature whose hidden inner beauty is unveiled and revealed after experiencing love, leading to the end of the story. In Shāhmār, however, love and union is created only when human nature of the beast is revealed, as this is the point where the eventual evolution of woman, namely, accepting the role of motherhood, starts; protecting the love and matrimony is thus introduced as the ideal and that which is of prime importance.
Payam Akramipour; Nafiseh Sharifi
Abstract
A Gender Analysis of Posters of fourth and fifth City Council Elections in Cities of Tehran, Shiraz and Ahvaz in Iran This paper is an interdisciplinary study based on a qualitative analysis of gendered aspects of eight election posters for the fourth and fifth City Council elections in Tehran, ...
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A Gender Analysis of Posters of fourth and fifth City Council Elections in Cities of Tehran, Shiraz and Ahvaz in Iran This paper is an interdisciplinary study based on a qualitative analysis of gendered aspects of eight election posters for the fourth and fifth City Council elections in Tehran, Shiraz, and Ahvaz. This paper examines how femininity and masculinity ideas, gender stereotypes, and gender roles are represented in male and female candidates' election posters. The candidates' posters are collected through selective sampling among available election posters on the Internet. By applying Berger's critical gendered analysis and theories of nonverbal communications, this paper looks at candidates' embodiment, physical appearance and gaze. More importantly, this theoretical aspect is combined with comments about the technical elements of posters such as lighting, Photoshop, and graphics and their effects in reproducing and recreating gendered stereotypes. This paper argues that while female candidates are represented as objects of the male gaze by emphasizing their physical beauty and embodiment, men's appearance and body language signify power, ability to change, decisiveness and problem-solving. Finally, this paper shows how, even in political posters, men and women are represented based on the binary understandings of active/male and passive/female sexualities. By looking at the gendered meanings behind the candidates' election posters, this paper discusses the significant role of media, photography, and representation in reproducing gender roles. Also, it emphasizes the use of photographs as a qualitative research method for understanding the gendered aspects of Iran's current socio-cultural context. .
Art
Farhad Karvan
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 491-510
Abstract
Examining aesthetic belief and artistic understanding is considered one of the important topics in art fields. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between aesthetic belief and problem-solving cognitive style and the need to recognize the mediating role of cultural ...
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Examining aesthetic belief and artistic understanding is considered one of the important topics in art fields. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between aesthetic belief and problem-solving cognitive style and the need to recognize the mediating role of cultural intelligence in art students. Therefore, the main question of this research was whether it is possible to develop a model for women''s belief in artistic aesthetics based on problem solving styles and the need for recognition through the mediation of cultural intelligence? The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all female art students of Hamadan universities in the academic year of 2019-2019. 377 students were selected as a purposeful and available sample from among the faculties and educational groups and according to the research plan, and according to the aesthetic belief questionnaires of Taghizadeh and Babaei (2016), the need to know ( Cacioppo, Petty and Kao (1984), problem-solving styles Cassidy and Long (2013) and cultural intelligence Early and Ang (2003) answered. Research data with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and skewness and skewness statistics) variables) and inferential statistics (Pearson''s correlation and path analysis with the calculation of its defaults) were analyzed. The results showed that the conceptual model compiled with the data had a good fit. The results of the structural relationships of the model showed that the aesthetic belief There is a positive and significant relationship with the constructive skill of problem solving, the need for recognition and cultural intelligence. The constructive skill of problem solving and the need for recognition have a positive and significant relationship with cultural intelligence. The non-constructive skill of problem solving has a negative and significant relationship with the need for recognition and cultural intelligence. Aesthetic belief has a negative and significant relationship with non-constructive problem-solving skills.
cultural
Zahra Hosseini; Mahshid Mirfakhraie
Abstract
The Mādayān ī hazār dādestān «The book of thousand judgements» only an incomplete manuscript of several legal collections of Sasanian era is at hand. Noinformation about the life of Farroxmard Vahrāmān (F son V) collector is available. In principle, it is possible that the book be ...
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The Mādayān ī hazār dādestān «The book of thousand judgements» only an incomplete manuscript of several legal collections of Sasanian era is at hand. Noinformation about the life of Farroxmard Vahrāmān (F son V) collector is available. In principle, it is possible that the book be written under the reign of Khosrow Parviz, the last king listed in the book. .This article will examine the legal term “gōhrēn kardan” in the book of thousand judgements. ōhrēn and gōhrēn kardan has been used in three sentences of this book. By examining these three sentences, the legal term is interpreted. By studying law and legal issues in Sasanian Iran, we see that the legal application of gōhrēn kardanis a serious phenomenon. The role of women in trade represents a serious presence in the social and economic areas to strengthen the foundation of family.
Historic
Fatemeh Janahmadi; Reyhaneh Hashemi Shahidi
Abstract
Assigned roles and the enacted roles are two types of roles in the social life. Some of these roles are assigned to women in the Islamic society based on Quranic verses and traditions, which have been named according to the sociology of roles assigned to women in Islamic society. Subordinate to social ...
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Assigned roles and the enacted roles are two types of roles in the social life. Some of these roles are assigned to women in the Islamic society based on Quranic verses and traditions, which have been named according to the sociology of roles assigned to women in Islamic society. Subordinate to social terms along with the demands of Islam and relying on grounds and factors in the Islamic society, these roles are enforced and strengthened. Some of these factors were endorsed provisions of the Prophet (PBUH) and have already existed either basically or with low effect, based on the inherent circumstances and factors in the community. Some of these roles have been created by being established in Islam and the holy religion of Islam besides granting these roles, by referring to them has tried to elevate their social status and position. What is being addressed in this article is explanation of endorsed and the established provisions of Islam and the Prophet (PBUH) in delegating and strengthening the assigned role of women in Islamic society, and that the raised questions will be answered along with documentations by analytical-descriptive method based on historical references.
Religious
Mohammad Ahi
Abstract
Women’s participation in society is an important and basic subject. Participation of women in the community originates from an innate need of the human. Accordingly, the holy Quran in various verses responded to this innate need and accepts the social participation of women, and with the introduction ...
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Women’s participation in society is an important and basic subject. Participation of women in the community originates from an innate need of the human. Accordingly, the holy Quran in various verses responded to this innate need and accepts the social participation of women, and with the introduction of the premier women it has expressed all social issues related to women, whose performance explanation could exactly define the components and social customs of women in various dimensions. Despite the importance of this topic, few studies have been carried out on this issue (from the viewpoint of Islam on the necessity and presence of women in various aspects of society) which often relies on narrative sources. Therefore, the current article aims to describe the social participation of women in three dimensions including the necessity of the presence, dimensions of presence (political, economic, military and cultural), and presence in the community based on the Quran, Rational argument and narrations. Finally, it is concluded that not only is the participation allowed, it is also necessary in some conditions, of course with its special characteristics.
Mohamadali Chelongar; Fereshteh Boosaidi; Vahid Saeidi
Abstract
Kharijite as one of the groups in the first and second centuries, had a respectively certain attitude toward women. They have offered quite different views of woman and her participation in social and political issues including, marriage, treatment toward female prisoners, women in battles and women ...
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Kharijite as one of the groups in the first and second centuries, had a respectively certain attitude toward women. They have offered quite different views of woman and her participation in social and political issues including, marriage, treatment toward female prisoners, women in battles and women caliphate, which took influence of looking at surface and appearance of Quran and ideas of people of the Book and Islamic sects. Kharijite who were raised in the context of Islamic community, had more freedom for women in political and social areas, compared to other contemporary groups. This refers to certain political conditions in that period of time where the Kharijite have been. Kharijite have allowed women marry to infidles and Mavali. They also opposed to captivity of women and get bondwoman in war. Kharijite women have also active presence at battles and were the first who have allowed women caliphate in Islamic period. In this research we examine four political-social approaches of Kharijite toward women in an analytical- descriptive method (marrying to infidles and Mavali, treatment toward female prisoners, women in battles and women caliphate issues).
Literature
Masoumeh Nemati Ghazvini
Abstract
Patriarchy is a term for a system or structure that has women under its control through social, political, and economic institutions. Patriarchy is also a subset of patriarchal system that its main aim is domination over women and their subjugation. Since many Arab critics and intellectuals have some ...
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Patriarchy is a term for a system or structure that has women under its control through social, political, and economic institutions. Patriarchy is also a subset of patriarchal system that its main aim is domination over women and their subjugation. Since many Arab critics and intellectuals have some reasons for women problems and backwardness in the domination of patriarchal system, they also consider their development and liberation in fighting with this system. Accordingly, along with the start of awakening movements in Arab world, women’s libertarian movements were also formed by a struggle with patriarchal system among their objectives. Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, the Egyptian writer, politician, journalist, and jurist is one of the pioneers of this field in Egypt. A part of his works is dedicated to present women’s problems and issues and the criticism of patriarchal system in Egypt. Among these works are his short story collection titled “Gosas Mesriat” in which many of women’s issues in Egypt in the years following World War II is portrayed. The applied analyses in this collection indicate patriarchal culture as the most important discourse criticized by Heikal. It can be studied in three individual, familial, and social fields.
Farzaneh Najafi; Ali Asghar Shirazi
Abstract
Contemporary era has witnessed the emergence of various thoughts which cause many styles and methods become popular based on artists’ viewpoints. In fact, it could be said that a distinct thinking and point of view has come to existence for each artist as one of the challenges of contemporary art ...
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Contemporary era has witnessed the emergence of various thoughts which cause many styles and methods become popular based on artists’ viewpoints. In fact, it could be said that a distinct thinking and point of view has come to existence for each artist as one of the challenges of contemporary art era. Many male and female artists have applied their own bodies as the core medium in offering their works in majority of contemporary art movements such as environmental art, performance art, earth art and so on. Among these artists there are a handful of females who mainly focus on the use of their body. The present research proceeds to the works of three woman artists who are active in the fields of “performance art” and “environmental art”. Ana Mendieta, Karin Van der Molen, and Tara Goudarzi, the artists selected for this study, applied their feminine bodies as the main medium to create their artworks in nature. The general objective of this research is investigating effective factors (such as culture, religion, and geography) in appearing similarities and differences in the manner of environmental artists use and offer their body in installations and performances compared with the presence or the role of body in works of performance artists. These are the questions of present research: What similarities and differences are seen between the works of study case artists in respect of presenting the body in nature. How the element of body is used in the work of study case artists? The research is carried out to answer these questions in descriptive-analytic method and the data are also collected in library and field study methods (interview and questionnaire). To respond the research questions, descriptive and analytic research methods are applied and the data are collected through library and field study. Along with research objectives interviews and questionnaires are conducted as well. Interviews and questionnaires are also conducted in consistency with research objectives. Data analysis is done in qualitative and content analysis methods. Findings indicate that body is used in works of all three artists as an object and plays the role of the main medium, but cultural, geographic, and specifically religious beliefs had an essential effect in different symbolic offering ways of their art-works. Unlike Mendieta, Goudarzi and Van der Molen used their bodies in the works implicitly, while presence of clothing in Mendieta’s protesting works would definitely reduce the significance of the subjects she objected to, such as the use of feminine body, when her contemporary feministic concerns and movements in protesting against instrumentalizing woman body had made a lot of noise. In addition, unlike Van der Molen and Goudarzi, besides focusing on nudity, Mendieta used blood element in a lot of her works that had its roots in protesting against religious issues based on which the artist is grown up. The results also show that although these three artists emerged in different time, geographic, and religious conditions, common womanish thoughts and the concern of offering their art through body in the nature is clear in their works, but in totally different expression ways. The difference is that Mendieta unlike Goudarzi and Van der Molen, in her performances mostly try to avoid the presence of any distracting factor between her body and nature, even as clothing items that could have direct impact on the audience and prevent them from focusing on artist’s overt action in nature.
Art
Sare Tahmasbizade; Mohamad Ebrahim Zarei
Abstract
In the early Qajar period, many travelers provided unbelievable information about women. The beauty of Iranian women is one of the points that European tourists have come to appreciate. We can also see the reflection of this beauty in the paintings of this period. But the point that attracts attention ...
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In the early Qajar period, many travelers provided unbelievable information about women. The beauty of Iranian women is one of the points that European tourists have come to appreciate. We can also see the reflection of this beauty in the paintings of this period. But the point that attracts attention is the remarkable difference between the women's survivors of the Qajar period with travel writings and paintings of this period. What has been studied in this research is to validate the accuracy of the Qajar women's background based on archaeological evidence. The collection of materials in this library research is written in a historical-analytical way. Accordingly, the questions of this paper are as follows: How is the apparent image of women in paintings of Qajar period to compare with other archaeological evidence? Is there any difference in the apparent appearance of the women left behind the archaeological evidence of the Qajar era, what factors has caused this difference? The results of the surveys show that we are seeing some kind of difference between the concepts of the pictures left and those of the paintings in this period. In the Qajar period, the painters have tended to face the idealism and lack of simulation. Therefore, it can be said that women in the paintings of this period are instrumental in expressing the glory of power and monarchy.
akram arjah; • Shahram Pazouk; • Tahereh Hajebrahimi
Abstract
AbstractThe period between fourth and eighth centuries AH, a time when Sufism and its affiliated centers spread to all parts of the Islamic world, provided a suitable platform for women’s growth and activeness in this field. During this period, the lived experience of women through mystic ...
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AbstractThe period between fourth and eighth centuries AH, a time when Sufism and its affiliated centers spread to all parts of the Islamic world, provided a suitable platform for women’s growth and activeness in this field. During this period, the lived experience of women through mystic journeys, their stereotypical role, represented only in the form of mother, wife, childbearing, and male-dependent being underwent some transformations. During these centuries, Sufi women taught and raised sufis, managed the monastery, against all prior expectations, challenging the masculine conception of the way. The main focus of this article is on identifying places of worship and asceticism and monasteries and centers of Sufi women. According to the available data, before the formation of monasteries, women were mostly educated in the houses and during the formation of the monasteries, they started getting educated in assemblies and some Sufi monasteries. They saw that from the fifth century onwards, the cities of Mecca and Quds, due to the pilgrimage space and the proximity of pilgrims and Sufis, were the center of the women's monastery, which also had the aspect of keeping and arresting women in need. These monasteries seem to have formed other centers called Rabat in eastern Islamic lands such as Damascus, Cairo, Aleppo, and even Anatolia. In tolerant Orders, such as Melevi Order and Bektashiyya Order, women also ran monasteries in addition to attending Sufi educational assemblies. In this way, women achieved a degree of independence, collective leadership, and guidance through the management of monasteries, tutoring the Sufi, and mystical teachings..
Masomeh Mirzakhani; Bagher Saroukhani; Hasan Khojasteh Bagherzadeh
Abstract
Advertising is one of the inseparable elements of modern human life. In the meantime, the media as a tool to introduce products is of particular importance. The main purpose of this article is to examine the position of the body in the media discourse (commercial advertising of Jam Network). From Fisk ...
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Advertising is one of the inseparable elements of modern human life. In the meantime, the media as a tool to introduce products is of particular importance. The main purpose of this article is to examine the position of the body in the media discourse (commercial advertising of Jam Network). From Fisk and Bart's point of view, commercials have been analyzed and evaluated at three levels including reality, representation, and ideology. They were selected by purposeful and non-random sampling method for semiotic analysis. After collecting advertisements, 33 commercial messages were studied in depth. The theoretical basis of the discussion is the opinions of some experts in body sociology. There are two discourses, "sexual" and "gender" in the field of female body in advertising. Of course, "sexual discourse" dominates the Jam network's propaganda, and the body, especially the female body, as the only creature that has gender and sexuality, has become a tool in the service of capitalism.
zahra Pishgahi Fard; maryam Omidi Avaj
Volume 1, Issue 1 , February 2010
Marjan salavati
Volume 1, Issue 2 , February 2010
Abstract
Chante or Ayenedan is one of the Qashqa’I hand-woven arts that is made only by women. It is applied for carrying individual things like: money, food, etc. Qashqa’I girls and women learn how to weave Chante from childhood and will weave an excellent Chante when they are going to marry. In the tribal ...
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Chante or Ayenedan is one of the Qashqa’I hand-woven arts that is made only by women. It is applied for carrying individual things like: money, food, etc. Qashqa’I girls and women learn how to weave Chante from childhood and will weave an excellent Chante when they are going to marry. In the tribal society, the women are in a lower position than men and they don’t have the reserved identity as an independent individual so there is no place to express their emotions. This causes that Qashqa’I women use Chante weaving as a device for illustrating their aims and happy or sad dreams. We can say that Chante is a way to their innocent loneliness and aspirations. These women utilize the ancient motifs and the pictures of inspiring nature around them to express their emotions. So, they show their love, interest or worries through weaving Chante, and this paper aims to search their mysterious world exploring them. First, the social and cultural history of Qashqa’I tribe is explained, and the position of women in the tribe is examined. Second, the paper introduces Chante and the technical way of weaving. Finally, the imagination of Qashqa’I women as appeared in Chante will be described. This paper is a library study and it exploits the historical approaches. It is also an innovative study semiologically introducing the symbols appear in Chante.
zahra pishgahi fard; amir ghodsi
Volume 2, Issue 3 , June 2010
Ezzat MollaEbrahimi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , July 2010
Abstract
If we study the contemporary Palestinian poetry of the last century we will find that the theme of nationhood and motherland dominates it. One reason is the fact that during this period Palestine has been through such events that has ignited a sense of patriotism, a wish to defend of the motherland and ...
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If we study the contemporary Palestinian poetry of the last century we will find that the theme of nationhood and motherland dominates it. One reason is the fact that during this period Palestine has been through such events that has ignited a sense of patriotism, a wish to defend of the motherland and the Arabic origin of the Palestinian people. Since the Balfour Declaration, the endeavour to enforce it and the repression of the Paletinians during the uprisings of 1936-1948, and especially after the 1967 war, have contributed to the cause of Palestinian nationalism. It is natural therefore that contemporary Palestinian poetry should be in tune with popular aspirations in promoting the spirit of patriotism
mohamadali ayazi; mohamad nasehi
Volume 2, دوره 2،شماره 1 , January 2011
Abstract
The structure of family organization is recognized upon members’ relationship and their rights and duties. The distinction of paternal, maternal, child and couple roles cause distinction in rights and duties. Therefore the rights and duties of roles are bilateral but deferent. Two characteristics explain ...
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The structure of family organization is recognized upon members’ relationship and their rights and duties. The distinction of paternal, maternal, child and couple roles cause distinction in rights and duties. Therefore the rights and duties of roles are bilateral but deferent. Two characteristics explain the power division in family: biological abilities and expenditure. Man in his marital role has the prevalent power in Islamic family, but not an absolute power. His power is legitimate only within the range of justice and good. Therefore Islamic family is a husband-centered family with a bilateral tendency. Husband’s power means his right of decision about settlement or sexual relationship. Also wife power means her financial rights like dowry and alimony and a convenient settlement or means her moral rights like acceptable treatment with his justice and benefaction.
cultural
Shahla Bagheri; Shima Sadat Hoseini
Abstract
The increasing number of women as a faculty member having social roles, although indicating progress in social and scientific fields, has developed many challenges. This study has provided a phenomenological understanding of the status of women as a faculty member in place of their career ...
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The increasing number of women as a faculty member having social roles, although indicating progress in social and scientific fields, has developed many challenges. This study has provided a phenomenological understanding of the status of women as a faculty member in place of their career and family roles. This phenomenological research is of qualitative type. The data was gathered by interviewing 13 female professors and faculty members of Universities of Tehran while looking out at their problems. The samples were selected based on purposive sampling. The Colaizzi’s method of data analysis was used to analyze data. The findings were classified into four main themes including "maternal responsibilities in the family", "job role and a role at university", “balance between job role and family role”, and “problem solving and difficulties of dual roles”. Semantic understanding shows that female faculty members face challenges in terms of number of job and family roles and applying some personal or family strategies as well as organizations benefit can easily create balance between the roles and responsibilities of the job and the family.
