Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi; Zeinab Narimani; Nazi Ghanbari
Volume 3, دوره 1، شماره 3 , November 2011, , Pages 95-113
Abstract
In the eyes of contemporary Palestinian poets the Occupied Land illustrates a sweetheart boasting an endless number of ravishing names. The poet gets their way through to their sweetheart (homeland) by a figment of their imagination and takes a specific and different look at it. After the start of hardships ...
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In the eyes of contemporary Palestinian poets the Occupied Land illustrates a sweetheart boasting an endless number of ravishing names. The poet gets their way through to their sweetheart (homeland) by a figment of their imagination and takes a specific and different look at it. After the start of hardships in Palestine and its occupation at the pinnacle of crises, the “woman” was looked at as a symbol to express feelings and show the strong love of homeland. For this very reason, in order to motivate their hopeless citizens, they have pictured Palestine allegorically as a beauty incarcerated and the youths struggle to set her free with bestowing their lives. The gender of Muslim Palestinian poets has definitely been affective on quality of the way of they utilize the symbol and their opinion towards it. This study seeks to find the symbolic points of views of Palestinian poets through the works and ideas of two prominent poets of that land: Fadavi Toqan and Abou Salma.
Archeology
Ali Norallahy; Hasan Talai; Bahman Firoozmandi
Abstract
Up to now, various graveyards from Iron Age in the west central Zagros have been examined and some burial goods specific to women have been found. However, researchers have only described the data obtained not dealing with the issue of women’s rank in this period. This is due to the fact that among ...
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Up to now, various graveyards from Iron Age in the west central Zagros have been examined and some burial goods specific to women have been found. However, researchers have only described the data obtained not dealing with the issue of women’s rank in this period. This is due to the fact that among the buried objects any inscription related to these graves has not been found. Moreover, women studies have recently been posed within archeological literature. Researchers have ascribed these graves to semi nomads; a style of living in the form of tribal living which still exists in this region. Therefore, it can be said that with regard to the geographical similarity and the same living style of these people with the tribes living in this region, and also continuation of the traditions in central Zagros, some of which have been shown in this paper such as the burial type, women’s rank during Iron Age has been dealt ethno-archeologically. In this paper, woman’s burial in 14 graveyards, taking into account that women ranking in these tribes are seen in the family form which is affected by numerous social, political, and economic factors, has been studied. Finally, a conclusion will be presented.
Sociology
Amir Rastegar Khaled; Sajedeh Moghadami
Abstract
Due to the decreased growth rate and aging population, communities population has become a controversial issue. This subject has led many thinkers to understand the factors influencing fertility decline. Understanding the quality of fertility reduction and family change requires an understanding of the ...
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Due to the decreased growth rate and aging population, communities population has become a controversial issue. This subject has led many thinkers to understand the factors influencing fertility decline. Understanding the quality of fertility reduction and family change requires an understanding of the status of women which is a result of global change. Women, as one of the pillars of the family and fertility, have experienced many changes in their position, and these changes affect their attitude towards children. The current paper examines the difference in attitude towards children among 400 couples in Tehran who were 15-49 years old by using the questionnaire. Final results showed that there isn’t any significant difference among couples about positive and negative values of children as well as small and large family values. This suggests that couples have parallel views towards children. In addition, income and education have also significant correlation with positive values. Among the variables, age is associated with the values of the family. The overall conclusion also insists on the adoption of liberal norms in the field of fertility.
Sociology
Abbas Lotfizadeh; Mohammad Javad Zahedi; Fatemeh Golabi
Abstract
The early scientific studies of family generally dedicated to the structure and function of the family as a social institution, but in recent decades the family has undergone a conceptual transformation: shifting the focus from the institution of family to the intimacy and intimate relationships. The ...
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The early scientific studies of family generally dedicated to the structure and function of the family as a social institution, but in recent decades the family has undergone a conceptual transformation: shifting the focus from the institution of family to the intimacy and intimate relationships. The theoretical development arises from profound changes of family life in the contemporary world. Sociologists and family theorists considered these changes and noticed the need to take appropriate ways to analyze the intense complexity and diversity of of the family forms in contemporary world (single parents, same-sex marriage, white marriage or Cohabitation, etc.). Thus, they were forced to redefine the nature of their subject. Today, sociologists of family shifted their focus from structural and functional analyses of the institution of family to the quality of personal life and intimate relationships of people. They preferred the Term of “sociology of intimacy” to describe contemporary research of family. The transformation and turn of the theme in the sociology of the family could have different research and political implications. Reviewing and analyzing the theoretical developments in the sociology of the family, the article seeks to highlight a conceptual development to explain the current situation of the family knowledge in challenging with contemporary changes using the critical analysis approach.
Sociology
Soheila Sadeghi Fasaie; Iman Erfan Manesh
Abstract
According to the ‘Social Technology’ approach, in the current circumstances, ICTs have been integrated with the leisure activities. These activities have been embedded in the broader frame of external action requirements and conditions in which the actor’s choice is determined. In terms ...
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According to the ‘Social Technology’ approach, in the current circumstances, ICTs have been integrated with the leisure activities. These activities have been embedded in the broader frame of external action requirements and conditions in which the actor’s choice is determined. In terms of gender differences, this research seeks to typify the sorts of leisure activities, namely outdoor-oriented and technology-oriented. This study also attempts to discover teens’ real preference about choosing those activities. Accordingly, in the school year 2016-17, 120 teenage girls and boys were interviewed (via the semi-structured interview technique) in Tehran city according to the typical and purposive samplings. The results have indicated that teens’ primary preference is the outdoor-oriented leisure activities; but actually the social circumstances, the frame of pressures, and socio-cultural necessities bring them the technology-oriented leisure activities. The new technologies are partly manifested in a figure of a friend. The boys choose the PC/Console games as a leisure activity more than girls, and they are affected further under the excitements of them; while the girls encounter more restrictions for the outdoor-oriented leisure activities. However, the technology-oriented leisure activities have become as identity and consumption source for most teens.
Karim Golshani Rad
Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2011, , Pages 117-131
Abstract
Many of the contemporary authors and researchers such as C. Bartholomae (the author of the book “Zum sassanidischem Recht”) and Arthur Christensen (the author of the book “Iran in the Sassanian Period”), believe that women had a very bad status in the Sassanian period, being dealt with as slaves ...
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Many of the contemporary authors and researchers such as C. Bartholomae (the author of the book “Zum sassanidischem Recht”) and Arthur Christensen (the author of the book “Iran in the Sassanian Period”), believe that women had a very bad status in the Sassanian period, being dealt with as slaves or objects. However, studying the religious and non-religious resources of this period, including Avesta and Matikan-e-Hazar Datastan (The Digest of a Thousand Points of Law), we realise that, in that period, women could testify in court and express their opinion about marriage, while a father could not coerce her daughter into marrying someone. Also, a girl could marry someone she loved without her father’s permission; after marriage, she could do business or even divorce her husband. Therefore, it is shown that women had a suitable status in the Sassanid society
Mohammad Hasan Sadeghi Moghadam; Amin Amirhoseini
Abstract
Establishing a family and its continuity is so important in Islam that divorce and dissolution of marriage even by mutual consent of the spouses is the most detestable act in view of the Prophet. As the continuity of the marriage is a basic principle in Islam, Islamic law has provided an opportunity ...
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Establishing a family and its continuity is so important in Islam that divorce and dissolution of marriage even by mutual consent of the spouses is the most detestable act in view of the Prophet. As the continuity of the marriage is a basic principle in Islam, Islamic law has provided an opportunity for the husband to come back to the family and revive this sacred institution by offering the simple mechanism of the waiting period (ʻiddah) in the revocable divorce. Nevertheless, there are certain kinds of divorce, known as irrevocable divorce (ba’in), by which the marital relation is dissolved and the revival of the marriage is possible only by making a new marriage contract. In khola divorce (initiated by the wife, based on her dislike of her husband) and in mubarat divorce (initiated by the wife, based on mutual dislike or aversion of the spouses) the wife obtains divorce by paying a fixed sum (or transferring a property) to her husband and the divorce becomes irrevocable (bauen). In divorce for a consideration there is no dislike from both spouses but the wife by paying an agreed sum (or transferring a property) to her husband or by releasing her husband from his duty to pay her past maintenance or from his duty to pay her dower or from his duty to pay other debts owed his wife, can become divorced. This article examines the legal nature as well as the cultural and social effects of this kind of divorce. Facilitating the separation between the spouses through paying a sum to the husband by the wife without the existence of any dislike between them would increase the number of divorces. For this reason, paying attention to the cultural and social effects of this divorce becomes necessary.
Shahryar Niazi; Somayeh Aghajani Yazabadi; Yadolah Malayeri
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2012, , Pages 119-131
Abstract
This Study aims to show the changes of the image of women in the novels of Hifa Bitar, in which the author presents the history of women?s life in nearly all its stages, adolescence youth and middle age This research throws light on the characteristics, both positive and negative, attributed to women ...
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This Study aims to show the changes of the image of women in the novels of Hifa Bitar, in which the author presents the history of women?s life in nearly all its stages, adolescence youth and middle age This research throws light on the characteristics, both positive and negative, attributed to women in the following novels: "iomiyat mutalaqa"(1994) [a divorced woman?s diary], "qabu-?abasiyeen" (1995) [the abbasids? cellar], "afrah saghira afrah akhira" (1996) [small joys, last joys], "imra? min tabeqein" (1665) [the woman from two floors], and "imra? min hedhihi ai-asr" (20004) [a woman of this age]. We can say that the voice of educated women, who have failed in marriage and present a problem for the men that abuse them, is the central voice dominating the besieged by feelings of failure and frustration, and through their relations with men the example of beaten women and their struggle with the power of time dominant in all the novels under study.
Sociology
Asiyeh Khayrollahi; Ahmad Reza Nasr Esfahani; Mohammad Reza Nili
Abstract
The overall objective of this study was effect of increasing interest in science and women in family and graduate courses and the meeting the expectations of the curriculum courses. Methods used in combination (quantitative - qualitative) the type of research was exploratory. Tools used questionnaires ...
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The overall objective of this study was effect of increasing interest in science and women in family and graduate courses and the meeting the expectations of the curriculum courses. Methods used in combination (quantitative - qualitative) the type of research was exploratory. Tools used questionnaires and semi-structured interviews that their validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient calculated experts comments and 0/89 are estimated. The Population included all female students in their last year of graduate school at the University of Isfahan that were in the academic year1390-91 And the sample size was estimated 254 person using Cochran's sample size formula. Quantitative results demonstrate the effectiveness of the lack of interest in science and the development of personal and family life improvements in the MSc course. Interviews with the questionnaire findings are not consistent. Results also revealed that demographic variables had no effect on the variables studied. Quantitative conclusions about fulfilling the expectations of the curriculum and syllabus indicates that students' expectations are not.
Literature
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi; Hossein Elyasi
Abstract
Language has long been associated with social issues, and it is impossible to establish a relationship between the two. In fact, the emphasis on the social context of critical discourse analysis shows the inseparable connection. The subject of woman as the most important social issue has been given great ...
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Language has long been associated with social issues, and it is impossible to establish a relationship between the two. In fact, the emphasis on the social context of critical discourse analysis shows the inseparable connection. The subject of woman as the most important social issue has been given great attention in the works of thinkers, Boshra Al-Bustani, for example, is known for her study on the issue of women. In her poems, she defends the human rights of women. She rejects patriarchy and the culture of death of women while seeking a balance and equality between men and women. In her poem, Boshra applies expressive language mixed with tradition in order to show her ideology. Moreover, she is looking for change by using functional words and technical illustrations.
mohammad javad javid
Abstract
Islamic jurisprudence concerning the male-female relationships relies upon the mahram / non-mahram concepts. In the contemporary religious literature, one, usually a stranger, who is a mahram to someone of the opposite gender (as enumerated in Islamic law) can establish an acceptable kind of friendship, ...
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Islamic jurisprudence concerning the male-female relationships relies upon the mahram / non-mahram concepts. In the contemporary religious literature, one, usually a stranger, who is a mahram to someone of the opposite gender (as enumerated in Islamic law) can establish an acceptable kind of friendship, whereas lacking such a feature (failure to become mahrams) means that there is an unorthodox boundary for the interactions between the two genders. On the one hand, the view of the Islamic culture is to keep the relationships between boys and girls to a minimum; on the other hand, however, the only opportunity for a prudent relationship between boys and girls is when they have a serious plan for marriage. Beyond the limits of the family and religious marriage, virtually all emotional, intimate and love relations are despicable and religiously unlawful or a path to pave the way towards great sins. In the past there had been a social acceptance relying the local and traditional criteria which could practically lead to timely marriage at the beginning of puberty; given the above, the main question in this paper is how it is possible to regulate the time gap which exists between puberty and the time of marriage, under the present circumstances where as a result of the expanded network of relationships, the society encounters reduced age of puberty and increased age of marriage. This paper seeks to seek feasibility of a regulated management of the period between puberty and the time of permanent marriage, and that upon the theory of Islamic friendship.
Reihaneh Rashidi; mohammadreza moridi; Mehdi Mohammadzadeh
Abstract
Abstract
Conceptual jewelry, the result of the "contemporary" paradigm, has provided a platform for the expression of social and political ideas as well as the active presence of artists by challenging and criticizing the accepted concepts and principles in classical and modern jewelry. It prioritizes ...
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Abstract
Conceptual jewelry, the result of the "contemporary" paradigm, has provided a platform for the expression of social and political ideas as well as the active presence of artists by challenging and criticizing the accepted concepts and principles in classical and modern jewelry. It prioritizes conceptual and artistic expression as a cultural medium. Jewelry is an expressive and symbolic work that implies cultural, political, and social values. For women jewelers, contemporary jewelry is a language to express ideas that show their position, desires, and wishes, simultaneously expressing their criticisms, objections, and views. Therefore, feminist theorists and gender identity activists pay special attention to jewelry.
The aim of this study is to show how gender is represented as well as what position women have in Iranian conceptual jewelry. By means of a methodological approach of Fairclough discourse analysis, it searches for meaning in the critical implications of contemporary Iranian jewelry. The results show that jewelry is not only a sign of feminine beauty and aristocracy, but a medium to express a different identity of women, which criticizes concepts such as anonymity and feminism, gender discrimination, humiliation and rejection, gender stereotypes (e.g. the ideal body, beauty, sexual functions), and violence in public and private space, rethinking them all over. Contemporary jewelry artists act in response to the gender perspective and take a critical step in raising awareness of the subject of women.
..
Abdolhosein kalantari; Fatemeh Faghih Imani
Abstract
“Equality of Genders” is a subject which has occupied the minds of academic society in recent decades. Many experts have had had theories on this subject and Islamic thinkers have tried to explain justice and equality from the Islamic point of view and they have criticized feministic approaches. ...
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“Equality of Genders” is a subject which has occupied the minds of academic society in recent decades. Many experts have had had theories on this subject and Islamic thinkers have tried to explain justice and equality from the Islamic point of view and they have criticized feministic approaches. There have also been researches conducted in this regard. In this article we will briefly review the mentioned theories, applying systematic review, we will also analyze the conducted researches again in the field of gender equality. Therefore out of conducted researches we have selected 20 cases in 1980s.
The results reveal that in problematic level and reasons of inequality about 55 percent of the questions had the social aspect, 24% had the economic aspect, and only 21% had cultural aspect. Regarding the factors affecting inequality, among social factors “Gender Clichés”, “Patriarchy” and “Gender Sociability” factors included 17.7%, among economic factors “Women’s Employment” included 14.6%, and among contextual factors “Ethnicity” and “Education” included 7% of the most important factors. The approach adopted in all cases was equality about the gender equality and justice. It was concluded that the conducted researches have thoroughly considered the feministic perception of equality and it is necessary for the future researches to consider the local approach in respect to gender justice between two genders and Islamic elements in gender justice must be taken into consideration as the basis of research.
Mina Beigvand; Abbas Kazemi; Hossein Basirian Jahromi
Abstract
This study attempts to examine the characteristics of motherhood according to the role presented by mothers on Instagram. It also examines the lifestyle and other aspects of the lives of supermoms and their followers. To achieve these objectives, we used netnography and direct observation. The results ...
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This study attempts to examine the characteristics of motherhood according to the role presented by mothers on Instagram. It also examines the lifestyle and other aspects of the lives of supermoms and their followers. To achieve these objectives, we used netnography and direct observation. The results of the thematic analysis include six main themes as follows: “the presentation of perfect motherhood”, “the aestheticization of motherhood”, “the reproduction of traditional patterns of motherhood”, “the presentation of the ideal self”, “the stylization of everyday life”, and “the presentation of the happy family with the desired relationship”. Supermoms attempt to reshape the image of motherhood as a desirable role through aestheticization. The ideal and deceptive image of motherhood presented by supermoms on Instagram, though it may be unattainable for other mothers, has created a new image of motherhood. Just as they provide a new image of motherhood, they do not necessarily challenge traditional motherhood. Rather, this image is a continuation of the traditional motherhood pattern, but in a new guise. Although motherhood still means sacrifice and love, and is semantically no different than it was decades ago, Instagram mothers acted differently in their maternal and personal identities, as well as in their parenting.
الیهات
Mehran Rahbari; • Shahram Pazouk; Abolfazl Mahmoudi
Abstract
Women's position and their role in the society has been influenced by various factors such as culture and religion. This research tries to study the role of women in the point of views of religions especially Christianity and church fathers and also analyze the view of the Gospel of Thomas on this matter. ...
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Women's position and their role in the society has been influenced by various factors such as culture and religion. This research tries to study the role of women in the point of views of religions especially Christianity and church fathers and also analyze the view of the Gospel of Thomas on this matter. The Gospel of Thomas is a noncanonical text that were discovered seventy years ago in the Naj Hammadi, in Upper Egypt. In spite of its small volume, The Gospel of Thomas has always been the focus of scholar in the field of early Christianity. In this research, we have aimed to study the position of woman and femininity in the Gospel of Thomas. The result shows that Jesus in the form of sayings, proverbs and phrases of the Gospel of Thomas, unlike the other canonical texts of Christianity, considers a more important position for women and assigns a more valuable role to them. Because of its theological and mysticism perspective, the Gospel of Thomas focuses on the spirituality of person and not his or her gender. for this reason, attaining the kingdom, enlightenment and salvation requires passing away from masculinity and femininity and then trying to achieve celibacy and unity.
Abstract
Stories and fictions are important cultural resources which in many cultures are narrated by women.These storiescan bea reflection of ideals and desires of women in different levels of a society. Therefore, reviewing these stories and fictions would bebeneficial to better understand the various aspects ...
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Stories and fictions are important cultural resources which in many cultures are narrated by women.These storiescan bea reflection of ideals and desires of women in different levels of a society. Therefore, reviewing these stories and fictions would bebeneficial to better understand the various aspects of women’s life in a society.This research aims to study women’s positionin Bakhtiary’s culture usingthirty written stories. Bakhtiary’s culture is patriarchal anddespite positive attitude towards women in this culture, they are still looked upon inferior.In such a culture women have less contribution and influence in economical and political activitieswhere are dominated by men. However, Bakhtiary’s women have challenged discriminating attitudes ofthe patriarchal setting and rejected the existing sexual discriminations particularly in social settings.In this respect, theyhave even succeeded in altering some traditional views of their men toward themselves. The most significant preoccupations of women in these types of stories include marriage and combatingpatriarchal thoughts. For instance, women have been culturally obliged to obey men’s will on the matter of marriage, whereas, on many occasions, they have rejected this and married on their own choice. In this paper, the presence of women in these stories has been subjected to qualitative and quantitive analysis. In addition, the presence of women in the political and economicalactivities, struggling patriarchal thinking, partaking in naming their children, marriage, womanly issues, women characters, andthe number of women in the stories are thosethat have been dealt with in this paper.
Sociology
Soheila Sadeghi Fassaei; Atefeh Khademi
Abstract
Women’s employment is one of the most important issues which are related to their social status. Attention of policy makers, administrators, legislators and elites also illustrate the importance of the quality and quantity of women’s employment. By conducting a keyword search on "women ad ...
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Women’s employment is one of the most important issues which are related to their social status. Attention of policy makers, administrators, legislators and elites also illustrate the importance of the quality and quantity of women’s employment. By conducting a keyword search on "women ad employment" in different data bases including Iran Doc, Normags, and National Library, several studies including 8 thesis, 87 books, 132 scientific articles and 13 research reports have been found and all required data is collected since 1357 onwards. Meta-analysis method is selected to bring to light the hidden aspects of women's employment. Data analysis revealed that quantitative and descriptive approach prevails in the most of studies and minor attention is paid toward the role of women’s employment in development. It is probable to say that the trend of women’s employment has not been studied profoundly and no deep attention is paid to the quality of employment. The barriers of women’s employment have been also studied mostly at micro levels. In fact, it is possible to conclude that the most of the studies carried out in Iran are affected by fixed and established approaches and for this reason, they could not address or explain the structural changes in women's employment.
cultural
Meisam Mousaaei; Leila Sadat Fenderesi
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the family unit is one of the most important social institutions, having different forms and known in almost all societies. Different factors can affect people’s marital status. The statistical population of this study consists of married and single men and women residing in Behshahr, ...
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Undoubtedly, the family unit is one of the most important social institutions, having different forms and known in almost all societies. Different factors can affect people’s marital status. The statistical population of this study consists of married and single men and women residing in Behshahr, Iran in summer 1391. A total of 400 subjects were randomly selected for the study. The research has been conducted based on survey method and the data has been collected using techniques of face to face interviews in the form of questionnaires. Furthermore, in order to judge the accuracy of the hypothesis, logistic regression has been used. The empirical findings show that economic capital has a significant impact on people's marital status, that is, an increase in economic capital (especially among women( of people brings about a decrease in marriage rate.
cultural
Hossein Mohammadzadeh
Abstract
There are a variety of social songs. Some types of the songs are works songs. Work songs are the songs that women and men singing during work process, for work or in the memories of work. The goal of this study is the role of Kurdish women in production of work songs in one side and thematic analysis ...
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There are a variety of social songs. Some types of the songs are works songs. Work songs are the songs that women and men singing during work process, for work or in the memories of work. The goal of this study is the role of Kurdish women in production of work songs in one side and thematic analysis of social topics among them on other side. The guide theory of the study is rooted in folklore theories. The most important theories in folklore knowledge are comparative, national, psychoanalysis and anthropology. In this case, we used the last one. Methods of data collection were document and field interviews. For Data analysis, we used thematic analysis methods. The results of this research show that varieties of work songs are so much and some of these songs are produced by women. Some of these songs belong to agriculture and animal husbandry societies. In thematic analysis, we exclude five categories like, aesthetic, love, production, economy and critics. At the last time, we collected these five categories as subject model of "soft art of social protest".
Sociology
Manizheh Pournemat; Mahta Bazrafkan; Ali Ruhani
Abstract
In addition to the beauty of Persian literature and rhetoric, it is an important source of information for understanding the evolution of cultural and social structures. Branch of the functions of oral literature, folk literature is an important social and cultural area. Lalaeis are also a major part ...
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In addition to the beauty of Persian literature and rhetoric, it is an important source of information for understanding the evolution of cultural and social structures. Branch of the functions of oral literature, folk literature is an important social and cultural area. Lalaeis are also a major part of the oral literature. Lalaeis social study is important from several directions. On the other hand, ii means for the identification and understanding of other cultures and the concern for the "mother". It also has psychological and sociological approach to the mother. The theory of symbolic interaction is used. The theory of this subject is the field of mother of Nancy Chodorow for this topic. Qualitative research was examined with the social representation of Bushehr’s Lalaies. The results represent the Lalaeis reflects the fact that in addition to feeling mother Lalaeis, these are poems reflect local culture and social and cultural situation in the context of time. It was full of social ideas about women in society, and indigenous cultures exist primarily reflected the position of women.
Sociology
Mahdieh Mohammad Taghizadeh; Zahra Hamidi Soha
Abstract
Over the past decade, the phenomenon of polygamy has received a great deal of attention from researchers. The point to be considered in the related explanations is the stubborn adoption of a position of defense or opposition to polygamy. For some polygamous people, it has been customary in the past, ...
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Over the past decade, the phenomenon of polygamy has received a great deal of attention from researchers. The point to be considered in the related explanations is the stubborn adoption of a position of defense or opposition to polygamy. For some polygamous people, it has been customary in the past, but it is now not common in most societies. For other groups, however, its prescription in religious texts has made polygamy sufficiently allowable. Given the fact that "polygamy", understood as “multiple marriages”, is subject to the existence of certain conditions (derived from sharia and law) for its realization, therefore, protection of women's rights, community health, direct and indirect consequences of polygamy on the family as the most fundamental institution of society dictates the importance of the legislator's attention to this issue. The present article, using the library method, with an analytical-descriptive and inferential approach, after examining polygamy in Islam and addressing the issue of the principle of "unilateralism", aims to examine its related laws in civil law and law support for the family. Finally, after chart analysis of 20 cases related to polygamy, the legal proposals are presented to support the consolidation of the family foundation and to protect the rights of women and children in families facing this problem, relying on the fact that it is necessary to present legitimate and justifiable reasons for marrying a second wife; and the resignation of such marriage is subject to the existence of one of these reasons. Moreover, the reasons for the trial and also the specialized counseling body in the petitions which are due to non-compliance are in the text of the law.
Art
Marzieh Rashidi; Alireza Taheri
Abstract
In the Safavid and Qajar dynasties, due to the relationship of Iran with the West, the desire of the court to experience the modern world and the desire of the Western world to recognize the East, shaped a kind of traditional and modern dichotomy in many social, cultural and artistic relationships of ...
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In the Safavid and Qajar dynasties, due to the relationship of Iran with the West, the desire of the court to experience the modern world and the desire of the Western world to recognize the East, shaped a kind of traditional and modern dichotomy in many social, cultural and artistic relationships of the society. This also influenced the status of women and their presence in the social arena. The portraiture in Iranian painting has been based on a pattern. What has been studied in this research is the woman's face in the paintings of these two periods. This article seeks to answer the following questions: How was the presentation of women's features in the designs of the Safavid period and Qajar era? What differences did they have in these two periods? The research method is descriptive-analytic and the information gathered by library method. The results show that women in the works of pre-Qajar paintings often have an exemplary and mythical position and, in terms of design, were unrealistic, and its visual value was like other elements of the painting, but in the late Safavid period and the Qajar period there has been a change in attitude towards painting due to the relationship with the West. As a result of attention to realism in drawing women's figures, as well as the formation of monotonous works, this led to a new image of woman in Iranian painting.
Elahe Panjehpashi; Fatemeh Doulab
Abstract
The "Eram Garden" and "House of Zinat al-Muluk" are important and historical buildings in Shiraz during the Qajar period. The main subject of these two buildings with the decorations of the women role and its formal analysis based on the theory of morphology of Vladimir Prop is the main issue of this ...
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The "Eram Garden" and "House of Zinat al-Muluk" are important and historical buildings in Shiraz during the Qajar period. The main subject of these two buildings with the decorations of the women role and its formal analysis based on the theory of morphology of Vladimir Prop is the main issue of this research. The present study is based on the historical-comparative method. is the data have been collected from library (documentary) and with a historical approach based on morphological theory. This research analyzes the morphology of the female form in the tiling of these two buildings. The study also examined the similarities and differences of the buildings according to Propp's theory. It is concluded that the role of women in the form of the characters of Shirin, Belqis and Zuleikha is one of the main decorative images in the entrance of Eram Garden and the house of Zinat al-Muluk. The main decorative motifs of women in this building are made with Qajar clothes and decoration. Woman as the main decorative element in the tiling of these entrances emphasizes the role of women and has been compatible with Propp's theory.
Ghazal Karimi sangdehi; reza sattari; seyed ghasem hasani
Abstract
Literature is one of the most important tools for understanding the culture and type of thinking of any society, and among all literary genres, the novel has the most connection with society and real life. Female writers have also chosen the novel to write about various aspects of their lives and genders ...
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Literature is one of the most important tools for understanding the culture and type of thinking of any society, and among all literary genres, the novel has the most connection with society and real life. Female writers have also chosen the novel to write about various aspects of their lives and genders from the beginning. This article examines issues related to women in the novels of Iranian women writers in the 70's, 80's and 90's with the method of content analysis and reveals the impact of social and cultural developments of each decade on the content of novels. For this reason, two novels have been selected from each decade, and the results of studies show that social and cultural developments have a great impact on the views of women writers inpaying attention to the characters and female themes of novels And the evolution of the content of the novels is in line with the evolution of society and is affected by it. In the novels of the seventies, male domination and violence are more prominent, and women do not have much power and status. The female characters of the novels of the eighties also have almost the same conditions as in the previous decade, and the discussion of identification in this decade is very important. But womenin nineties novels, have achieved independence and freedom of action. They are active in society, and have different concerns and demands.
Archeology
motahareh zakeri; maryam mohammadi; nafiseh esnaashari
Abstract
A comparative analysis of Women’s Clothing designs in Minab and kalpouregan pottery in Baluchestan based on intertextual approachAbstractThe political and geographical proximity of Sistan and Baluchestan and Hormozgan provinces is effective in creating their cultural commonalities. Is the study ...
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A comparative analysis of Women’s Clothing designs in Minab and kalpouregan pottery in Baluchestan based on intertextual approachAbstractThe political and geographical proximity of Sistan and Baluchestan and Hormozgan provinces is effective in creating their cultural commonalities. Is the study of prefixes as well as the commonalities and differences between the designs used in the two mentioned art industries. The questions of this article are what is the background of the designs of Minab women's clothing and Kalpurgan pottery and what are the similarities and differences between them? This research is qualitative, descriptive-analytical and has theoretical foundations based on the intertextuality approach. Its information is based on library studies and field observations. The results indicate that the use of common contexts such as nature, ethnic beliefs and women's tastes in creating commonalities between Kalpurgan pottery motifs and Minab women's clothing motifs, these commonalities in the use of visual techniques such as repetition, symmetry and balance. It is evident in the design structure of the designs, which includes three types of plants, animals and geometric, especially the widespread use of geometric patterns that are mainly manifested in the form of circles and rhombuses in pottery and can be seen in the shape of triangles in women's clothing designs. The existence of these commonalities along with a few differences leads to the emergence of commonalities in the culture and arts of other regions and, of course, is effective in strengthening their cultural values. Key Words: Sistan and Baluchestan, Minab, kalpouregan pottery, Women's Clothing.Key Words: Sistan and Baluchestan, Minab, kalpouregan pottery, Women's ClothingKey Words: Sistan and Baluchestan, Minab, kalpouregan pottery, Women's ClothingKey Words: Sistan and Baluchestan, Minab, kalpouregan pottery, Women's ClothingKey Words: Sistan and Baluchestan, Minab, kalpouregan pottery, Women's ClothingKey Words: Sistan and Baluchestan, Minab, kalpouregan pottery, Women's Clothing
