psychology
Zohreh Khosravi; Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi; Zahra Khavari; Maryam Khavari
Abstract
The current research was administered with the aim of intercultural investigating the attitudes to gender roles, parental values , and parental burnout in two groups of Iranian and Afghan parents. The statistical population of this study was two groups of Iranian and Afghan parents living in ...
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The current research was administered with the aim of intercultural investigating the attitudes to gender roles, parental values , and parental burnout in two groups of Iranian and Afghan parents. The statistical population of this study was two groups of Iranian and Afghan parents living in Tehran City those 398 parents including 199 Afghan parents (97 fathers and 102 mothers) and 199 Iranian parents (93 fathers and 106 mothers) living in Tehran were selected by convenient and voluntary from different regions of the city. The research instruments included the Attitudes to Gender Roles Questionnaire, Goals and Values in Adults Questionnaire, and Parental Burnout Assessment. The results showed that two groups of Iranian and Afghan parents significantly differed in parental burnout, and regarding parental values in power and achieves, agency and self-direct, and benevolence & prosocial. The results showed there was a significant difference between mothers and fathers in attitudes to gender roles and all of the values except agency and self-direct. In the interaction of migration and gender effects, the results showed Iranian fathers had a high score in specific gender roles, Afghan fathers had a high score in traditional gender roles and Iranian mothers had a high score in androgynous gender roles. Also, Afghan fathers care more about power and achieve separateness values than Iranian fathers. Cultural similarities led to the migration of Afghan families despite long-term residence in the destination community, which was companied by the maintenance of Afghan cultural values and traditions, so that the status of parents, traditional gender roles, and the sense of being unique as important values is encouraged in their children.The component of parenting and the quality of parent-child interactions, the values and goals of parents in the children of immigrant families in the context of cultural adaptation and acculturation (influence and impression of the destination culture) is a subject that can be studied.
Sociology
Mohammad Akbari; Dariush Boostani; Elham Zeadabadi
Abstract
This article aims to investigate the effective factors on the rate of ‘cosmetics use’ among female students of Kerman Azad University. The research method was Survey, and data was collected by questionnaire. Statistical population comprises all of the female students of Kerman Azad University ...
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This article aims to investigate the effective factors on the rate of ‘cosmetics use’ among female students of Kerman Azad University. The research method was Survey, and data was collected by questionnaire. Statistical population comprises all of the female students of Kerman Azad University (N= 5413) and sample size is 378 students. Theoretical framework is extracted from theories of Bourdieu, Giddens and Turner. Findings indicated that variables such as seeking diversity, consumerism, cultural capital, media consumption, reflexive identity, social class, tendency to cosmetics, age, and level of education had significant relationship with the rate of cosmetics use. Generally, independent variables explained 37 percent of dependent variable. Variable of ‘seeking diversity’ was the best determinant of cosmetics use among the female students.
Farzaneh Rouhani Mashhadi
Abstract
In the Qur'an, men and women are equal in terms of human dignity and spiritual interest and faith; but God did not speak to women immediately and directly; especially in law verses, God speaks to men directly but He speaks to women as a third person (hidden person). In this paper, this problem has been ...
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In the Qur'an, men and women are equal in terms of human dignity and spiritual interest and faith; but God did not speak to women immediately and directly; especially in law verses, God speaks to men directly but He speaks to women as a third person (hidden person). In this paper, this problem has been analyzed in view of divine-social tasks in the Quran and it became clear that God has given hidden roles to women when He divides social roles. God has given this role as a gift to some of his favored servants presented in Quran. Sometimes hidden role is more important and effective than famous role. Usage of third person pronouns stresses the hidden role of women in society. Also this paper explains about inner and divine truth of hidden role of women and its effect on perfection of women.
Art
Elaheh PanjehBashi
Abstract
Paintings of the late Qajar period and brilliant paintings from important periods in Iran were under the influence of painting in relation to Europe and thereby experienced great changes. This article, using semiotic approach, analyzes two paintings created by Qajar women; one is anonymous, and the other ...
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Paintings of the late Qajar period and brilliant paintings from important periods in Iran were under the influence of painting in relation to Europe and thereby experienced great changes. This article, using semiotic approach, analyzes two paintings created by Qajar women; one is anonymous, and the other is painted by Ismail Jalayer- a graduate of the academy school. Both paintings present an image court women while the symbols imply different concepts. The current article deals with the following questions: Are the proposed works an indication of the value of Qajar paintings? Are the signs meaningful in relation to other signs? The current study aims to examine the signs- cognitive meanings in texts. The images of the concepts common signs to convey different messages to the audience is used Qajar women.
Art
Taghi Hamidimanesh; Nahid Jafari Dehkordi
Abstract
One of the oldest myths among many cultures is the flood story. Since its inception, this myth has attracted the attention of artists in a variety of cultures. In most images related to the flood, a lady is among the passengers of the ark whose character and presence are in ambiguity. What is the identity ...
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One of the oldest myths among many cultures is the flood story. Since its inception, this myth has attracted the attention of artists in a variety of cultures. In most images related to the flood, a lady is among the passengers of the ark whose character and presence are in ambiguity. What is the identity of a lady sitting on Noah's Ark? The problem is that writers are trying to respond to library studies. Accordingly, we selected 29 images based on the artworks of the remaining artists from the Middle East, Ancient Egypt, Phoenicians, Christians and Muslims. We have analyzed these 29 images as statistical population through a comparative and analytical approach. The genealogy analyses of the archetype of the "Lady sitting on Noah's ark", in Islamic, Christian and prehistoric paintings show that the image from the Mesopotamia civilization is one of the oldest humanitarian archetype in the religious art and even the non-religious contemporary. Despite the religious semblance of this lady in the Muslim world, she has entered Islamic art as well. The influence and significance of this genealogy was to the extent that it entered the Shi'a world and, based on the statements from the Prophet (pbuh), the distinguished and divine character of Hazrat Fatima (sa), is shown in this template. Islam, as the last religion in the world, affirmed this myth and, with slight changes, introduced it as a major milestone in the religious history of mankind. Along with the written form and narrative of the myth, the traditional story developed from the mainstream illustration that came from Mesopotamia into Egypt, and from there into the Fynigans and Christians, and then into the Muslim world.
Atieh Kamyabigol; Shahla Sharifi; Hamed Akbarpour
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the effects of cultural categories as an effective factor in development and determination of grammatical gender in languages. The category under consideration in this study is the category of tools as a very ancient category in human history. This ...
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The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze the effects of cultural categories as an effective factor in development and determination of grammatical gender in languages. The category under consideration in this study is the category of tools as a very ancient category in human history. This study did not have a diachronic approach and all analyzes were presented synchronically. For this purpose, 330 common tools in German and Russian were examined in terms of grammatical gender. In this particular case, the Chi-square test showed a significant difference in the frequency of females in the instruments between the two languages; with a statistic value of 9.332 and significance level of 0.002. Therefore, based on the theoretical framework used in this study, namely cultural linguistics, it was found that the cultural identity of the German speakers towards "woman", from the perspective of the above said framework, is more gendered and instrumental than the Russian speakers.
Halimeh Enayat; Mehdi Kaveh
Abstract
Anomy is the one of the concepts common in the sociology. That can be felt equally the anomy to anomy in connection with that, as far apart as they can be imagined. The members of the felt anomy are not anomic society and vice versa. The purpose of this article, regardless of the presence or absence ...
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Anomy is the one of the concepts common in the sociology. That can be felt equally the anomy to anomy in connection with that, as far apart as they can be imagined. The members of the felt anomy are not anomic society and vice versa. The purpose of this article, regardless of the presence or absence anomy, Iran anomy study among sons and daughters students and the role of emotion in the music consumption is increasing or decreasing. In this context, the theories of the Pierre Bourdieu about the art and the anomy Merton’s theory has been used. We searched for survey method and the the questionnaire data have been used. The population of all students studying at the University of Shiraz is the number of 18452 persons. 380 persons were selected by using the table as Lin and according to the survey respondents were divided into two groups of sons and daughters and end up using simple random sampling is to select respondents. The nominal credit for the validity and reliability of the items were used to assess its Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results show that the consumption of music and feel there are not significant relationship anomy among students based on gender. But this is a meaningful relationship without counting the gender. This means that as more music is consumed, more felt anomy.
Sociology
Fardin Alikhah; Samaneh Koohestani; Tahereh Vaghehdashti
Abstract
The increase in the penetration of the internet and also increase in the number of membership of Iranian people in social networks through mobile phones is remarkably observed in the recent years. The presence of women in social media and the impact of social media on their lives are important from the ...
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The increase in the penetration of the internet and also increase in the number of membership of Iranian people in social networks through mobile phones is remarkably observed in the recent years. The presence of women in social media and the impact of social media on their lives are important from the sociological point of view. Reviewing the conceptual framework and some of the researches and theories related to women's bonding with communication technologies, this study has a special focus on Cyber-Feminism. The main question of the research is the impact of membership in social networks on the lives of employed women and housewives. The authors conducted a deep interview with 15 housewives and employed women in the city of Rasht based on a qualitative method and a non-objective sampling with snowball technique. The findings of the study have indicated that social networks can increase the domain of social relationships and so facilitate their participation in various social, cultural, scientific and educational arenas, which corresponds to the ideas of Cyber feminism. The authors believe that the issues such as the patriarchal system, lack of security in cyberspace, and the lack of adequate media literacy and skills among the women can challenge the empowerment and the active presence of women in cyberspace as claimed by Cyber-feminism.
Afsaneh Tavassoli; Zohreh Babaei
Abstract
AbstractThe cinema of the Oscar-winning director, Asghar Farhadi, pays special attention to women by focusing on the increasing number of women along with their presentation in key roles. The present article analyzes "Dance in the Dust", "Beautiful City", "Fireworks Wednesday", "About Eli", "A ...
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AbstractThe cinema of the Oscar-winning director, Asghar Farhadi, pays special attention to women by focusing on the increasing number of women along with their presentation in key roles. The present article analyzes "Dance in the Dust", "Beautiful City", "Fireworks Wednesday", "About Eli", "A Separation", "The Past", "Salesman", and "Everyone Knows", in which the woman is the focal point. Thus, it tries to examine the films with the method of qualitative content analysis to work on the attention Farhadi has paid to woman’s importance by representing her. Examination of codes, categories, and concepts shows that although the number and importance of female characters and the assignment of key roles to them has increased over time, at the same time women with passive actions, gender job maps, absence from the public arena, and spouse-dependence is portrayed as critical, desperate, powerless, and incompetent. It seems that in order to give importance to women, it is not enough to focus on the subject of women. One should also pay attention to the hidden layer of narratives that can be obtained from their mentality and stereotypes..
Communications
seyed ghasem hasani; mohammad esmail riahi; shahrzad hoseyni ghahestani
Abstract
Surveys and researchs show that the consumption of luxury goods and services by women in our country is increasing, and for this reason, it can be said that it is an effective phenomenon on the emotional sphere of social activists. Some researches have stated that the consumption of luxury goods It is ...
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Surveys and researchs show that the consumption of luxury goods and services by women in our country is increasing, and for this reason, it can be said that it is an effective phenomenon on the emotional sphere of social activists. Some researches have stated that the consumption of luxury goods It is very effective in the feeling of identity or even turning sadness into happiness, and the social processes of this change of feelings is the goal pursued by this research. Considering that consumption is basically something that appears more for women; The current research was conducted on women. Over time, the definition of emotions has moved away from psychology and found a definition belonging to social sciences, and in the theories of social sciences, emotions are expressed as follows: a physical reaction to social conditions that exist in a space. Symbolic interaction occurs. The emergence of emotion in humans is influenced by social conditions and it is at two levels, micro and macro. At the micro level of a person, feelings do not occur until they are in interaction with someone. acquires a social aspect; The researcher is not looking to study this field, he is looking to study the feeling that arises at micro and macro levels for an activist as a result of this type of consumption.The emergence of emotion in humans is influenced by social conditions and it is at two levels, micro and macro. At the micro level of a person, feelings do not occur until they are in interaction with someone. acquires a social aspect; The researcher is not looking to study this field, he is looking to study the feeling that arises at micro and macro levels for an activist as a result of this type of consumption. h h h h h
Fatemeh Mahvan
Abstract
In the Persian epic men play the main roles while the presence of women is usually under shadow. If the epic also has a religious theme, the role of women is becoming even more insignificant. However, in one of the illustrated manuscripts of Hamle-ye Heydari of Bazel Mashhadi (dated 1222 A.H., Bibliothèque ...
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In the Persian epic men play the main roles while the presence of women is usually under shadow. If the epic also has a religious theme, the role of women is becoming even more insignificant. However, in one of the illustrated manuscripts of Hamle-ye Heydari of Bazel Mashhadi (dated 1222 A.H., Bibliothèque Nationale de France) women were painted in the important roles. This copy not only did not ignore the presence of women but also depicted women next to the men or even ahead of them. This article explore the drawings from the perspective of subject, text-image relationship, visual features, and so on in order to show the prominent position of women in this illustrated copy. In addition, I compare this copy with one of the contemporary lithographic copy of Hamle-ye Heydari by Raji Kermani to show how the painter breaks traditions to emphasize on the women participation in the paints. These two manuscripts are depicted in the same period of time, the Qajar era, but in two different places; the first one in India and the second one in Iran. This comparative study shows that in the Hamle-ye Bazel women were portrayed in the variety of roles from the saints or angels to the musicians or dancers. While the image of women in the painting of Hamle-ye Raji are just limited to the angel and saint. Furthermore, in Hamle-ye Bazel women have a dominant role even if the text has no mention to them but in Hamle-ye Raji only there are a few images of the women. All of these reasons prove that woman in Hamle-ye Bazel’s paintings goes beyond the traditional framework and take a role that is exclusive in Persian manuscript tradition.
Reza Nobakht; Nasrin Ahmadi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , February 2010
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the role and the place of women and men in vulgar tales in the 60 selected vulgar tales exploiting Parsons’ role theory and the infra- analysis method.The case tales are among which are narrated by people older than 50 years old. This paper aims, first to review ...
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The aim of this study is to investigate the role and the place of women and men in vulgar tales in the 60 selected vulgar tales exploiting Parsons’ role theory and the infra- analysis method.The case tales are among which are narrated by people older than 50 years old. This paper aims, first to review the cultural elements which are verbally transferred from generation to generation, and, second, to analyze the role and the place of men and women in these folk tales. To analyze these tales by content and compare the gender roles, then, are the main concerns of the present study. The research findings state that; however, the recent statistics show that women’s role in society is not limited to the domestic ones, and some women undertake the political and economical roles, the women in these tales are mostly represented in the family with its traditional stereotypes. So, these women are characterized by weakness, inability, kindness, lack of instruments of power and the power, itself
Hamid Hajian Pour; Masumeh dehghan
Volume 1, Issue 2 , February 2010
farideh alavi; soheila saeedi
Volume 2, Issue 3 , June 2010
Abstract
For realists, the literature is the instrument to identify the real social logics and relationships. The school of realism objects to expand the social awareness of its readers, and it suggests them new subjects. According to this approach, the woman’s life has become an issue of the literary works. ...
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For realists, the literature is the instrument to identify the real social logics and relationships. The school of realism objects to expand the social awareness of its readers, and it suggests them new subjects. According to this approach, the woman’s life has become an issue of the literary works. The exploration of the works written by Balzac and Jamalzadeh, the founders of the school of realism in France and Iran, depict that both were concerned on the woman’s life. On one hand, they both describe the woman’s traditional life, and, on the other hand, they reveal the influence of the Capitalism on her life. The works of Balzac and Jamalzadeh share similarities, however, their different eras, with distinct social and cultural experiences, have led into two different images of women
Farindokht Zahedi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , July 2010
Abstract
In studying Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House, there has been an analytical tradition according to the first impression of the book that tended to introduce it as a tragedy, which itself represents a common contradiction in the analysis of this play. Such a contradiction stems from the analysis of
Nora's ...
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In studying Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House, there has been an analytical tradition according to the first impression of the book that tended to introduce it as a tragedy, which itself represents a common contradiction in the analysis of this play. Such a contradiction stems from the analysis of
Nora's character both as a symbol of freedom and human courage in the realization of modern criteria on the one hand and the sadness attached to her movement towards awareness (knowledge) on the other. However, if we manage to transform our 19th -century outlook and raise Nora from the limits of propagandistic-feministic analysis, and understand her ample desire toward equilibrium, harmony, and existence along with liberty in a broader prospect, we can share her enjoyment from her most beautiful moments of life and may no longer wish to consider her as a tragic heroine victimized for social contracts during a specific historic era, rather we can visualize her as a normal human being challenging to pass through the awkward labyrinth of human mistakes and then celebrate her transition from the tragedy of being to the comedy of becoming.
Emalia Nercissians
Volume 2, دوره 2،شماره 1 , January 2011
Abstract
This paper, through analyzing various scenes from randomly selected films,
and of belief that the film subjects, if not complete reflections of social relations of humans, surely demonstrate sections of social reality, attempts to explicate the thoughts of scientists in sociolinguistics and sociology ...
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This paper, through analyzing various scenes from randomly selected films,
and of belief that the film subjects, if not complete reflections of social relations of humans, surely demonstrate sections of social reality, attempts to explicate the thoughts of scientists in sociolinguistics and sociology of language like Labove, Hymes, Fishman,… , especially related to the features of social acts of males and females, in the process of their socialization
Narges Nikkhah Ghamsari; Soheila Sadeghi Fasaee
Abstract
This study tries to show how gender as a discourse construction has been formed since decades before the Islamic Revolution in Imam Khomeini’s words differently from then language system capacity, power and residence relations embodied in the traditional discourses, pre-revolution modernization period, ...
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This study tries to show how gender as a discourse construction has been formed since decades before the Islamic Revolution in Imam Khomeini’s words differently from then language system capacity, power and residence relations embodied in the traditional discourses, pre-revolution modernization period, in a context of political and social events and how it has stabilized or transformed the customary and determining boundaries of women and men. For this very purpose this paper studies the signified meaning of masculine/feminine in Imam Khomeini’s words as the most important political and symbolic elite in religious and revolutionary modernism discourse in relation with focal signifiers of then opposition in the context of political confrontation including official position of Pahlavi regime against traditional clerics, applying Ruth Wodak’s method of historical discourse analysis. As a result ‘woman’ in the words of Imam Khomeini in connection with subjects such as Islamic Values, humanity, freedom, equality, bravery, rights, taking part in self determination etc., is an active subject in contrast with two conceptual systems: traditions and modernity. And women are not opposite men but beside them and not in a specific field but in their whole private, social and political lives they are responsible for establishing and maintaining a political system based on Islamic values.
Literature
Reza Satari; Hossein Hasanpour Alashti; Marzyeh Haqiqi
Abstract
Banugoshasb-nameh is a national epic poem written in imitation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh about Banugoshasb's life and courage, daughter of Rostam. The poem, the only epic in Persian literature is the central story of a heroic woman. Most researchers, who have studied this poem, have focused on the presence ...
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Banugoshasb-nameh is a national epic poem written in imitation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh about Banugoshasb's life and courage, daughter of Rostam. The poem, the only epic in Persian literature is the central story of a heroic woman. Most researchers, who have studied this poem, have focused on the presence of Banugushasb in the context of epic and her heroism. They sometimes related her achievements to the effects left by the period of Matriarchy and mythological warrior goddesses while showing less interest in the psychological background of the champion women's actions. This research addresses a study of mythological and psychological background and heroic deeds of Banugoshasb character in the epic poem Banugshsb-nameh. The findings show that although signs of Matriarchy and feminist can be seen in this poem, this marks the dominance of patriarchal culture, and patriarchy replaces matriarchy. In the second part of this paper, the issue is analyzed from viewpoint of Jung’s analytical psychology. According to this view, heroic and masculine behavior of Banugoshasp cannot be considered as feminist, but it should be attributed to effects of archetype animus (masculine psyche in women) that has been institutionalized through Banugoshasp life among the top heroes of epic and influenced by their behavior.
Literature
Reza Satari; Marzieh Haghighi; Masoomeh Mahmoodi
Abstract
Mother Archetype is one of the most important archetypes in Carl Gustav Jung's theory manifested in literary works both as the character of a real mother or in the form of symbols that indicate maternal aspect. Epic is a work derived from the male-dominated society in which the heroic functions and masculine ...
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Mother Archetype is one of the most important archetypes in Carl Gustav Jung's theory manifested in literary works both as the character of a real mother or in the form of symbols that indicate maternal aspect. Epic is a work derived from the male-dominated society in which the heroic functions and masculine power grab the attentions always more than the women's presence and role. However, since most of the epic poems have a mythic infrastructure, archetypically, they reflect many of the mythological themes and symbols that have emerged unconsciously in the poem. Since human life, before the epic realization and the manifestation of the male heroes, has experienced a female dominated era with female eternal holiness (mothers and women), human subconsciousness is full of images and symbols indicating the female element of existence reflecting the epic texts as mother archetypal symbols. According to this perspective, there has been no research on the mother archetype manifestations in the national epic and most of the researchers only referred to the mother characters in these works whose role did not go beyond giving birth and training the epic heroes. that the current research focuses on the issue that although in the Persian epic works (Shahnameh and the following epic poems), the women and mothers do not generally play a decisive role, the vacuum of the presence of women and mothers as an inevitable part of the humans' existence has been seen in the epic works unconsciously in the form of archetypal images and symbols, such as water, springs, rain, wind, plants, mountains, caves, fire, etc. and the mother archetype has entered the realm of consciousness in the form of these symbols.
Sociology
Nariman Mohammadi; Masoud Kianpour; ehsan aghababaee
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the conflicts of femininity on Kurdish Facebook. Historically, Kurdish women have had little opportunity to engage in political, cultural, economic or social affairs. But with the growth of communication media and the emergence of cyberspace, they have been given the ...
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In this study, we have investigated the conflicts of femininity on Kurdish Facebook. Historically, Kurdish women have had little opportunity to engage in political, cultural, economic or social affairs. But with the growth of communication media and the emergence of cyberspace, they have been given the opportunity to engage in these affairs. Although the use of Kurdish women in cyberspace has somewhat improved their political, cultural, economic or social situation, it may lead to conflicts in their gender identity and femininity. The research method is virtual critical ethnography. The field of critical ethnography has been Kurdish Facebook. The research data have been collected from a wide range of non-structured interviews, pictures, participatory and non-participatory observations, and field notes. Facebook comments, Facebook members' profiles, public groups on Facebook, shared videos on Kurdish women's issues on Facebook have been analyzed using the constructivist grounded theory. Findings of the research show that Kurdish women on Facebook have constructed two main dimensions of femininity: Critique of patriarchal structure and praise of women's activism. Critique of patriarchal structure includes depoliticization of femininity, disowning feminine body and disembedding cultural aspect of femininity. Praise of women's activism includes female resistance; representation as action, Sanctification of women's suffering; negative action and praise for women's individualism. However, there are several layers of conflicts of femininity including representation of the women's aggrieved situation. On Kurdish Facebook, we are seeing the representation of women's oppression, while there is little attempt at interpreting the situation and providing solutions to emancipation.
Literature
Mohammad Mirzaii Rashnoo; Yossof Ali Biranvand; Ali Sajadi
Abstract
Among mythical illustrations on Lorestan bronzes, there is a woman that seems to be a fertility goddess. Woman images were obtained of the bronze explorers discovered in the Sorkh Dom e Lori area of Kohdasht, Lorestan, Iran. Given the temple's excavation area, it's likely that the woman was the fertility ...
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Among mythical illustrations on Lorestan bronzes, there is a woman that seems to be a fertility goddess. Woman images were obtained of the bronze explorers discovered in the Sorkh Dom e Lori area of Kohdasht, Lorestan, Iran. Given the temple's excavation area, it's likely that the woman was the fertility goddess and this matter explains value of women in this region. Sometimes this woman's face has been carved along with pomegranate, fish and so on. Sometimes this has also been depicted naked and being childbirth, along with ram and octamerous flower. The purpose of this study was to revelate the image of this painted lady on the bronze pinheads of Sorkh Dom, Lorestan. Thus, with descriptive-analytic method, we studied and analyzed the symbols of these pinheads. The research questions are: 1) How are the images of the mother goddess in Lorestan bronze pinheads? 2) What are the mother goddess symbols in Lorestan bronze pinheads? The results of the research showed that in addition to the woman's image, other paints along with him, including fish, pomegranate and animals such as ram, are also signs and symbols of the fertility goddess. The octamerous flowers, and the number seven, signify abundance.
Sociology
Ahmadreza Asgharpour Masouleh; Mahdi Kermani; Zahra Baradaran Kashani
Abstract
In each community, there are certain criteria and norms for selection of a spouse according to the conditions and requirements of society. In other words, selection of a spouse is a social affair, greatly influenced by the dominant values of society. More researches in this area have used deductive strategies ...
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In each community, there are certain criteria and norms for selection of a spouse according to the conditions and requirements of society. In other words, selection of a spouse is a social affair, greatly influenced by the dominant values of society. More researches in this area have used deductive strategies and quantitative methods to investigate the phenomenon. However, this phenomenon has subjective dimensions and diverse objective manifestations in life experience of social actors that are complex at the same time. This research is based on a phenomenological approach to explore the meaning of choosing a spouse among young women as a social phenomenon. This phenomenological study was carried out with the participation of fifteen young girls married in the city of Mashhad who were chosen purposefully. The results showed that there are three dominant patterns for the selection of a spouse: style based on traditional patterns, style based on friendly interactions, intermediate style (friendly interactions under the supervision of family). Also the criteria making, control of criteria, adaptation, acceptance and final selection represent the original dimensions of spouse selection common in life experience of participants under study.
Soheila Sadeqi Fasaei; Abolfazl Eghbali
Abstract
The policy area of sexuality in Iran is affected by theoretical conflict between two major approaches. The present article seeks to present a discursive formulation of the theoretical conflicts between these two approaches in Iranian society. In this study, the method of Fariclough, Laclau ...
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The policy area of sexuality in Iran is affected by theoretical conflict between two major approaches. The present article seeks to present a discursive formulation of the theoretical conflicts between these two approaches in Iranian society. In this study, the method of Fariclough, Laclau and Mouffe is applied in a conjoined way. The results of the research indicated that the first approach, based on religious principles, follows the idea of sexual education with the focus on sexual ethics. Furthermore, it also includes various concepts, such as sexual identity, convenient and timely marriage, hijab and continence, etc, to construct the life sex of the Iranian society. Based on this approach, sexuality is studied in a network of biological and cultural components, in which sometimes confronting sexuality does not eliminate its ambiguity but instead enhances it. The second approach is inspired by the liberal literature of the international community, by emphasizing the importance of sex education with a core of knowledge and sexual awareness. Some constructed and predominated concepts in the second approach include various perceptions, such as homosexuality, casual homosexuality, and the recognition of sexual minorities, distinction between sex and gender, and the condemnation of child marriage. In confronting sexuality, disambiguation and explicitly are the most important strategies of the second discourse. The latest public debate on the two approaches was the 2030 United Nations Document.
Sorayya Maknoon; Zohreh Ataei-Ashtiani
Volume 3, دوره 1، شماره 3 , November 2011, , Pages 55-74
Abstract
The article proposes a general subject matter “gender and consumption”, considering the philosophical basis of the subject, and the process involved in constructing a consuming model. The authors believe a consuming model has three related, harmonious stages in production, distribution, and consumption. ...
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The article proposes a general subject matter “gender and consumption”, considering the philosophical basis of the subject, and the process involved in constructing a consuming model. The authors believe a consuming model has three related, harmonious stages in production, distribution, and consumption. The formation of consuming is based on foundation of “need production” and it’s relation to “need fulfillment”, in a determined and targeted System. In this regard, a research study was conducted in Women Studies Department of the Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies to find out the relation of gender to need-fulfillment system .The qualitative method involved interviews and in later stage, testing the results using a survey method. The population included a ratio of men and women in Tehran, selected randomly according to their age and education level. The most important results of the research was the proof of the relation between “need and fulfillment of need”, and the proof of an obvious difference between sexes in: selecting the need, source of need production, and the ways needs are satisfied.
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi
Volume 2, Issue 3 , March 2011, , Pages 57-76
Abstract
Palestinian woman poets have frequently used mythical concepts, especially those of God's messengers, in their poems, and they have sometimes been inspired by these myths. Although myths have ancient origins, they endow the contemporary poet's thoughts with a deep scope, while, at the same time, the ...
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Palestinian woman poets have frequently used mythical concepts, especially those of God's messengers, in their poems, and they have sometimes been inspired by these myths. Although myths have ancient origins, they endow the contemporary poet's thoughts with a deep scope, while, at the same time, the poet reprocesses them and give them the present day flavour. Therefore, most poems by Palestinian woman poets are full of teeming with mythical beliefs and teachings; beliefs that begin from the earliest moments of the dawn of creation and continue up to the last moment of the poet's life. The present study deals with the mythical worldview in the poems by Palestinian woman poets and how they have utilised the myths of God's prophets in their poems.
