Sociology
Somayeh Arab khorasani; Tahereh Maleki
Abstract
In order to understand the components of Iranian men's masculinity as a field of men's studies, it is possible to study oral culture and proverbs. Men's studies is one of the emerging fields of sociology and gender studies, which has taken an effective step in the direction of knowing more about men ...
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In order to understand the components of Iranian men's masculinity as a field of men's studies, it is possible to study oral culture and proverbs. Men's studies is one of the emerging fields of sociology and gender studies, which has taken an effective step in the direction of knowing more about men and investigating the behavior, expectations, attributions and inherent identity of men. Examining proverbs is important because it is a bridge between the researcher and popular culture to know as much as possible the opinions of the members of a society. This research was conducted in a qualitative way using the content analysis method. In this research, 803 proverbs with keywords man, husband, son-in-law, uncle, uncle, father and son were selected and analyzed. The analysis of the content of proverbs led to seventy-eight sub-components out of ten general components and was finally concluded with the centrality of the general component "Masculinity as a contradictory thing". The paradoxical issue of masculinity has characteristics; among which it can be pointed out that it starts from an unclear situation. The lack of clarity and ambiguity of masculinity means that it is not clear since when men have been characterized by these traits and has there ever been a time when men had different masculinity behavior from women? The second facet of masculinity as a contradictory thing is opposition and conflict with women. This is important because it is the place of investigation that for what reason and in what process being different means that the understanding is different and contradictory and finally what the difference has turned into an opposition and for that many evidences have been presented.This is important because it is the place of investigation that for what reason and in what process being different means that the understanding is different and contradictory and finally what the difference has turned into an opposition and for that many evidences have been presented.
Sociology
Fatemeh Yamini; Talie Khademian; Hossein Dehqan
Abstract
Swearing, as the most obvious feature of popular rap music, changes the socio-linguistic indicators in the literature of people in society. The two-way relationship of the audience with the content of the songs is formed based on the tastes and knowledge that depend on the local situation. For example, ...
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Swearing, as the most obvious feature of popular rap music, changes the socio-linguistic indicators in the literature of people in society. The two-way relationship of the audience with the content of the songs is formed based on the tastes and knowledge that depend on the local situation. For example, in Iranian society, in the past, swearing was heard in the feudal system, boys' schools, military, labor and factories, but Today, swearing is increasingly heard in academic environments, regardless of gender, and in girls' high schools, which is in conflict with Iranian cultural symbols. The purpose of this research is to discover and investigate the mental and semantic implications of Tataloo fan girls from listening to his swearing songs, which was carried out with the qualitative method and grounded theory technique and the use of in-depth semi-structured interviews with 25 Tataloo fans.The samples were selected based on the purposeful snowball sampling. Interviews were stopped when theoretical saturation was reached. The paradigm model resulting from the interpretation of the opinions of female fans shows that acceptability of swearing songs) in connection with a set of causal conditions (social and cultural background - special situations - homophobia - attractiveness of the artist's lived experience - not getting permission and rejection from society - family background of the singer), background conditions (poverty-unemployment-isolation-lack of entertainment), intervening conditions (dominance of music industry-peer group) become meaningful. Girls justify swearing in street music by using strategies (the normality of swearing in rap style - the pleasantness of swearing) which is one of its consequences (draining energy - creating a discourse of profanity in society's literature - normalization of swearing to people around - intensification of swearing in new songs - tendency towards nihilism). The fans consider themselves and the singer to be rejected from the society and victims of oppression and discrimination, and because they lack the power to act against discrimination, they are helpless and weak people they are like helpless and weak people who are only able to express their anger by swearing.
Sociology
Masoomeh Taghizadegan
Abstract
In many cultures, weaving and knitting as a profession and industry are mostly the work of men, and home sewing and weaving, that is, as far as it is placed in the territory of the home, are mostly the work of women. Especially in the modern era, when the distinction between the workplace and the home ...
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In many cultures, weaving and knitting as a profession and industry are mostly the work of men, and home sewing and weaving, that is, as far as it is placed in the territory of the home, are mostly the work of women. Especially in the modern era, when the distinction between the workplace and the home led to the distinction between men's professional sewing and women's knitting and needlework. The purpose of this article is to deal with the works of contemporary Iranian women artists who, inspired by sewing and weaving, are searching for a feminine language. As described by Luce Irigaray, feminine language is for expressing women's experiences and understanding and receiving women. In this article, the question is followed that how and with what methods have the female visual arts artists turned knitting and sewing into a way to search for the language of female identity?
To answer this question by combining the methods of "Trend analysis" and "Event Study", five art exhibitions were studied and analyzed; include: "Tajali Ehsas" (1371 to 1388), "sew+zan" (1395), "Women Create" (1398), "Nakhsh" (1398) and "Pressbook" (period 1398 to 1400).
The results show the changes in the experience of contemporary Iranian women artists during the 1370s to 1400s (1990s-2020s) in the use of sewing and weaving. Sewing and knitting in the works of some Iranian female painters has been a symbol of desirable femininity, especially in the artistic event for women titled "Tajali Ehsas" during the 1370s, when artists used sewing and knitting as maternal femininity and women's skills in the context of domestic work and Sometimes they portrayed traditional and rural; However, following the socio-cultural changes of the 1380s, in artistic events such as the exhibition "sew+zan" and "Women Create" and "Pressbook", we witnessed the use of sewing and knitting as a critical and linguistic action for rethinking the identity of women by female artists in the decade. We are in 1380 and 1390
Sociology
Halimeh Enayat; Marzieh Askari
Abstract
Abstarct
Art is an essential part of the culture of a society and artworks can represent the cultural, social, political and economic status of the society through their themes. The material for analysis in this research is the text of the drama "Drought and Lie" written by Mohammad Yaghoubi ...
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Abstarct
Art is an essential part of the culture of a society and artworks can represent the cultural, social, political and economic status of the society through their themes. The material for analysis in this research is the text of the drama "Drought and Lie" written by Mohammad Yaghoubi in the 1380s. The purpose of this research is to study the concept of gender in the mentioned text to recognize that, in which discourses this concept is produced or reproduced with considering the social conditions of the society of Iran in the 1380s. Accordingly, to achieve this purpose, gender-related theories have been cited from the biological, cultural, and discourse aspects. In the research methodology section, among the various approaches of critical discourse analysis, Ruth Wodak's discourse-historical approach has been chosen, due to, it considers the historical-social backgrounds of the texts for analysis. By exploiting the historical-social horizons of the 1380s and analyzing the text of the drama by using the Wodak's fivefold strategies for studing the linguistic aspects of words, phrases and key contents of the text, the result of the research shows that in the drama "Drought and Lie", the definition of gender and gender roles is presented in a state, among the traditional official dominant discourse and the modern discourse (as the rival discourse), which was established in 1380s. The final conclusion discusses that, the author of drama "Drought and Lie" has been successful to represent the position of Iran's transitional society towards modernity in the 1380s and the consequences of the cultural changes in the private sphere of family and marital relations. The contradictional and incompatible perspectives of his characters about the notion of gender, refer to different discourse orders of 1380s, that are competing to gain the cultural hegemony in the society. It is noteworthy to point out that the characters of this drama, portray the identified contradictios of culture of this historical era, so well through their speeches and behaviors.
Sociology
Heyran Pournajaf; Mansour Haghighatian; Esmaeel Jahanbakhsh
Abstract
In today's world, the amazing and unimaginable growth of the media has made them a powerful tool that not only fulfills the informational task inherent in their nature; Rather, they have gone further and entered and influenced all aspects of human life. The diversity of the social roles of women and ...
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In today's world, the amazing and unimaginable growth of the media has made them a powerful tool that not only fulfills the informational task inherent in their nature; Rather, they have gone further and entered and influenced all aspects of human life. The diversity of the social roles of women and men reflects the fact that the concepts of femininity and masculinity (gender) are strongly influenced by social factors. Men and women are each reflected in the media. The image of women in mass media has an ideological aspect for the continuation of patriarchal relations. Against the subjectivity of women in patriarchal discourse; The strategy of struggle to deconstruct and break stereotypes has flowed in late modernity. The aim of the current research is to analyze the discourse of Iranian women's subjectivity in the Instagram social network. The research method in this study is qualitative content analysis. The technique used is critical discourse analysis and specifically Fairclough's discourse analysis approach. The community studied in this research is the pages related to the theoretical class of discourses of subjectivity in the Instagram social network of Iranian users, which were selected with theoretical considerations and qualitative content analysis. The final categories obtained in the research include the objectification of women, glorification of narcissism, gender class system, de-importance of role, naturalization of superior status, deprivation of rights, double otherization, which is consistent with the discourse of women's subjectivity.
Sociology
Fares Bagheri
Abstract
Masoud Kimiaei's cinema has been reread and interpreted many times due to its social and hero-raising approach. Male and female characters in alchemy films establish significant relationships with each other and with their living environment. In these works, the characterization of women is controversial ...
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Masoud Kimiaei's cinema has been reread and interpreted many times due to its social and hero-raising approach. Male and female characters in alchemy films establish significant relationships with each other and with their living environment. In these works, the characterization of women is controversial in many ways. In fact, the female characters of Alchemy cinema, while they have a dramatic function, but it seems that their identity is defined next to the identity of the male heroes. In other words, in his works, the woman is in a secondary position and the man becomes a privileged character. The women in these films do not have an independent female character; And most of these women, depending on the man, assume single and identical roles such as ethereal lover, patient lover, honor, kind wife or mother, etc. and they have an objective appearance in all the works of this filmmaker. In the last few decades, gender studies have become one of the thought processes and the category of gender has been placed in the center of these studies in society, culture and art. The distinction between sex and gender is one of the most important topics in the social discourse of the 20th century. Gender is a structural and social phenomenon that is built in society over time. It seems that the alchemical approach towards women can be interpreted from the perspective of gender and of course gender reversal. The current research, which was conducted in a qualitative and descriptive-analytical way, with the help of library sources and watching the film, analyzes the approach to the characterization of women in alchemy cinema by explaining the category and theory of gender. Male and female characters in alchemy films establish significant relationships with each other and with their living environment. In these works, the characterization of women is controversial in many ways. In fact, the female characters of Alchemy cinema, while they have a dramatic function, but it seems that their identity is defined next to the identity of the male heroes. In these works, the characterization of women is controversial in many ways.
Sociology
shiva parvaei
Abstract
Music consumption has a prominent role in women's everyday life experiences as an active audience. The question of this research was "how the musical taste of women is formed?". This question was answered by qualitative research method and study of women's musical experience. The data collection tool ...
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Music consumption has a prominent role in women's everyday life experiences as an active audience. The question of this research was "how the musical taste of women is formed?". This question was answered by qualitative research method and study of women's musical experience. The data collection tool is semi-structured interviews with 28 women with different educations, social statuses, and age groups in Tehran city, who were selected by purposeful sampling and theoretical sampling common in qualitative research. Data from qualitative interviews were coded with the thematic analysis method. The findings indicate that the audience's musical taste is not a predetermined matter, but rather a product of the interaction of the audience's individual background and social position. This means that musical taste is social. The lived experience of women shows cultural capital (family cultural background, education, musical knowledge, and skill), economic capital (individual economic situation and family economic background), multiple identity sources (network of reference groups, ethnic identity, religious identity, national identity, generational identity), and media sources (mass media consumption, social media consumption), shapes and differentiates their musical taste.
Sociology
Fatemeh Golabi; Mohammad Bagher Alizadeh Aghdam; Leila Zarezadeh Ardashir
Abstract
The purpose of this research is sociological analysis of humiliation among women and their relationship with different parenting styles. This research is descriptive and analytical-quantitative and conducted by survey method. The statistical population of this study consists of all women over 15 ...
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The purpose of this research is sociological analysis of humiliation among women and their relationship with different parenting styles. This research is descriptive and analytical-quantitative and conducted by survey method. The statistical population of this study consists of all women over 15 years old living in Tabriz. Sampling method was a multi-stage cluster type with a sample size of 400 people. The research tool was a questionnaire. A standard questionnaire was used in the parenting style and the researcher-made questionnaire was made in the sense of humiliation. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Based on the descriptive results of the research, the mean of depression among women is relatively low and the average of the dimensions of parenting is relatively low in the light dimensions, relatively modest in the dimension and in the authoritarian dimension is relatively high. There is a significant relationship between deviance and authoritarian parenting and reproductive parenting. According to the views expressed in the field of childbearing, negative education has a high degree of degradation. But this humiliation may be as commonplace with normal behaviors and everyday relationships as to be commonplace. In fact, as more equal interaction of family life is emphasized, the same amount of people will experience less humiliation.
Sociology
Marzieh Ghaviadel Darestani; Mohammad Mahdi Rahmati; Hasan Chavoshiyan
Abstract
Children are one of the most important media audiences. This present research has studied children’s television programs on Iran TV2 using Tuchman and Connell’s feminist theory and content analysis method. The purpose of this research is to study the representation of femininity and masculinity ...
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Children are one of the most important media audiences. This present research has studied children’s television programs on Iran TV2 using Tuchman and Connell’s feminist theory and content analysis method. The purpose of this research is to study the representation of femininity and masculinity in the characters of the children's program. The main questions of this research are: “which kind of gender stereotypes is represented on children’s programs on IRIB TV2? Which kind of contents would be reproduced by these stereotypes?” For this purpose, 23 episodes of children’s programs on IRIB TV2 have been selected by random sampling. Research findings show that male and female characters are distributed unbalanced on children’s programs. So that, male display rate is 40.5% (272 codes) more than that of female characters. Hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity has been represented on male and female characters on these programs. Gender stereotypes are shown in the form of Binary oppositions such as male active/female passive, male intelligent/ female unintelligent. The symbolic annihilation of women is represented on these programs, so that women mostly are shown in ineffective roles. Therefore, the research finding show that television and specifically children’s programs persists the unequal representation of male and female characters.
Sociology
Abbas Lotfizadeh; Mohammad Javad Zahedi; Fatemeh Golabi
Abstract
The early scientific studies of family generally dedicated to the structure and function of the family as a social institution, but in recent decades the family has undergone a conceptual transformation: shifting the focus from the institution of family to the intimacy and intimate relationships. The ...
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The early scientific studies of family generally dedicated to the structure and function of the family as a social institution, but in recent decades the family has undergone a conceptual transformation: shifting the focus from the institution of family to the intimacy and intimate relationships. The theoretical development arises from profound changes of family life in the contemporary world. Sociologists and family theorists considered these changes and noticed the need to take appropriate ways to analyze the intense complexity and diversity of of the family forms in contemporary world (single parents, same-sex marriage, white marriage or Cohabitation, etc.). Thus, they were forced to redefine the nature of their subject. Today, sociologists of family shifted their focus from structural and functional analyses of the institution of family to the quality of personal life and intimate relationships of people. They preferred the Term of “sociology of intimacy” to describe contemporary research of family. The transformation and turn of the theme in the sociology of the family could have different research and political implications. Reviewing and analyzing the theoretical developments in the sociology of the family, the article seeks to highlight a conceptual development to explain the current situation of the family knowledge in challenging with contemporary changes using the critical analysis approach.
Sociology
Mansour Haghighatian; Fatemeh Bayat
Abstract
The present study addresses the role of globalization of culture and lifestyle on the sexual satisfaction of married women. In recent decades, globalization has made profound changes in cultural elements, lifestyles, ideas, ideals and thoughts that need to be explored. To this end, the present study ...
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The present study addresses the role of globalization of culture and lifestyle on the sexual satisfaction of married women. In recent decades, globalization has made profound changes in cultural elements, lifestyles, ideas, ideals and thoughts that need to be explored. To this end, the present study was conducted by a survey method using a questionnaire based on Erik Forem, Adler and Giddens theories. A sample of 384 married women living in Zanjan City was selected through cluster sampling. The dependent variable of this research is sexual satisfaction of the married women in dimensions of satisfaction from relationship, relation with spouse, adaptability, relationship anxiety and personal anxiety. The independent variable is globalization of culture in three dimensions: Attitude towards globalization, tendency to modernity and new cultural values. Second independent variable is lifestyle in terms of spiritual health, social health, physical health, psychological health, exercise and well-being, nutrition and weight. The results of the research show that there is a reverse and significant relationship between cultural globalization and sexual satisfaction, and there is a direct and significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and lifestyle. Therefore, the results confirm the main hypotheses of this research.
Sociology
Seyed Alireza Afshani; Ali Ruhani; Saeedeh Ebrahimia-nia
Abstract
The daily activities of women in Iranian community are considered as a context for social and cultural conflicts. In fact, passing four decades after the Islamic Revolution, women's activities, especially their artistic and social activities, are still in conflict between political and social groups ...
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The daily activities of women in Iranian community are considered as a context for social and cultural conflicts. In fact, passing four decades after the Islamic Revolution, women's activities, especially their artistic and social activities, are still in conflict between political and social groups and activists. Meanwhile, apart from these political conflicts, we attempted to get women's understanding of doing these daily artistic and social activities through the discovery of their interpenetration. To this end, the artistic and social activities of middle and upper middle class women were studied. Using a qualitative approach and grounded theory, a number of women in Mashhad City were selected through theoretical and purposive sampling and they were called for in-depth interviews. The process of theoretical sampling continued to saturation of data. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. The findings included 13 main categories and one core category entitled "hegemonic normative actualization". The findings were presented in a form of a storyline, a paradigm model, and a small-scale theory. In general, the results of the research indicated that women encounter their unrealized ego when faced with self-actualized person. Therefore, given special property they own, as well as their tendency to show off, in the context of keeping up with the joneses, and under the influence of hegemonic artistic tastes, women deal with artistic activities and produce and reproduce their social and artistic world.
Sociology
Nariman Mohammadi; Masoud Kianpour; ehsan aghababaee
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the conflicts of femininity on Kurdish Facebook. Historically, Kurdish women have had little opportunity to engage in political, cultural, economic or social affairs. But with the growth of communication media and the emergence of cyberspace, they have been given the ...
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In this study, we have investigated the conflicts of femininity on Kurdish Facebook. Historically, Kurdish women have had little opportunity to engage in political, cultural, economic or social affairs. But with the growth of communication media and the emergence of cyberspace, they have been given the opportunity to engage in these affairs. Although the use of Kurdish women in cyberspace has somewhat improved their political, cultural, economic or social situation, it may lead to conflicts in their gender identity and femininity. The research method is virtual critical ethnography. The field of critical ethnography has been Kurdish Facebook. The research data have been collected from a wide range of non-structured interviews, pictures, participatory and non-participatory observations, and field notes. Facebook comments, Facebook members' profiles, public groups on Facebook, shared videos on Kurdish women's issues on Facebook have been analyzed using the constructivist grounded theory. Findings of the research show that Kurdish women on Facebook have constructed two main dimensions of femininity: Critique of patriarchal structure and praise of women's activism. Critique of patriarchal structure includes depoliticization of femininity, disowning feminine body and disembedding cultural aspect of femininity. Praise of women's activism includes female resistance; representation as action, Sanctification of women's suffering; negative action and praise for women's individualism. However, there are several layers of conflicts of femininity including representation of the women's aggrieved situation. On Kurdish Facebook, we are seeing the representation of women's oppression, while there is little attempt at interpreting the situation and providing solutions to emancipation.
Sociology
Soheila Sadeghi Fasaie; Iman Erfan Manesh
Abstract
According to the ‘Social Technology’ approach, in the current circumstances, ICTs have been integrated with the leisure activities. These activities have been embedded in the broader frame of external action requirements and conditions in which the actor’s choice is determined. In terms ...
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According to the ‘Social Technology’ approach, in the current circumstances, ICTs have been integrated with the leisure activities. These activities have been embedded in the broader frame of external action requirements and conditions in which the actor’s choice is determined. In terms of gender differences, this research seeks to typify the sorts of leisure activities, namely outdoor-oriented and technology-oriented. This study also attempts to discover teens’ real preference about choosing those activities. Accordingly, in the school year 2016-17, 120 teenage girls and boys were interviewed (via the semi-structured interview technique) in Tehran city according to the typical and purposive samplings. The results have indicated that teens’ primary preference is the outdoor-oriented leisure activities; but actually the social circumstances, the frame of pressures, and socio-cultural necessities bring them the technology-oriented leisure activities. The new technologies are partly manifested in a figure of a friend. The boys choose the PC/Console games as a leisure activity more than girls, and they are affected further under the excitements of them; while the girls encounter more restrictions for the outdoor-oriented leisure activities. However, the technology-oriented leisure activities have become as identity and consumption source for most teens.
Sociology
Majid Bicharanlou; Mansoor Shabani; Behzad Barakat
Abstract
One of the ways to study linguistic changes in society is to study the cultural products of the community, such as stories, novels, musical productions, films and series. Furthermore, gender, particularly gender representation of women is the media interest with a significant role. Representation of ...
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One of the ways to study linguistic changes in society is to study the cultural products of the community, such as stories, novels, musical productions, films and series. Furthermore, gender, particularly gender representation of women is the media interest with a significant role. Representation of women is different in different cultures. The way of portraying a woman is influenced by the particular cultural look at its role and stance. The objective of the current paper is to investigate women's representation in Shahrzad series from the perspective of Sociolinguistics. To this end, sequences of the series which are closely linked to the subject of this research, namely gender-based linguistic interaction, have been selected and analyzed using the Barrett's three-dimensional semiotic analysis method, woman's representation, and the linguistic status of women against men from the perspective of Sociolinguistics. The most significant results show the representation of the type of linguistic control by women and the men language superiority to the inferiority of the women language. The inferiority as a result of women linguistic absence as well as their sexuality in linguistic communication is influenced by the ideology of patriarchal discourse in society.
Sociology
Fardin Alikhah; Samaneh Koohestani; Tahereh Vaghehdashti
Abstract
The increase in the penetration of the internet and also increase in the number of membership of Iranian people in social networks through mobile phones is remarkably observed in the recent years. The presence of women in social media and the impact of social media on their lives are important from the ...
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The increase in the penetration of the internet and also increase in the number of membership of Iranian people in social networks through mobile phones is remarkably observed in the recent years. The presence of women in social media and the impact of social media on their lives are important from the sociological point of view. Reviewing the conceptual framework and some of the researches and theories related to women's bonding with communication technologies, this study has a special focus on Cyber-Feminism. The main question of the research is the impact of membership in social networks on the lives of employed women and housewives. The authors conducted a deep interview with 15 housewives and employed women in the city of Rasht based on a qualitative method and a non-objective sampling with snowball technique. The findings of the study have indicated that social networks can increase the domain of social relationships and so facilitate their participation in various social, cultural, scientific and educational arenas, which corresponds to the ideas of Cyber feminism. The authors believe that the issues such as the patriarchal system, lack of security in cyberspace, and the lack of adequate media literacy and skills among the women can challenge the empowerment and the active presence of women in cyberspace as claimed by Cyber-feminism.
Sociology
Ali Imanzadeh; Sedigheh Mohammadzadeh; Sarieh Alipour
Abstract
Changes in lifestyle and its contributing factors to some extent resulted in delayed marriage or no marriage as one of the fundamental problems of today society. The problem is more frequently observed in graduate students. The objective of this study is to examine the girls lived experiences of graduate ...
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Changes in lifestyle and its contributing factors to some extent resulted in delayed marriage or no marriage as one of the fundamental problems of today society. The problem is more frequently observed in graduate students. The objective of this study is to examine the girls lived experiences of graduate students of Tabriz University of late marriage. This study was conducted based on the qualitative approach using phenomenological method. Participants in this study were 22 delay marriage girls who were selected by the purposive sampling. Data were collected via in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed based on Strabert and Carpenter method. Five main themes were achieved from the experiences of the people. The factors are including the economy, education, culture, cyberspace and the consequences and outcomes. Some Sub-themes are the role of the socio-economic issues, false beliefs and traditions, and virtual spaces. These factors have caused widespread late marriage that has consequences such as depression, Delaissement, anxiety of alone, and humiliation. Some strategies such as promotion of Islamic lifestyle can be improve this phenomenon.
Sociology
Hassan Piri; Yarmohammad Ghasemi; Sedighe Piri
Abstract
Femininity, like masculinity, is a cultural and historical reality that is constructed in different ways among different people. The present research aims to study the most popular local TV serials set in Ilam over recent years. The main purpose of the research is understand what kind of image of ...
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Femininity, like masculinity, is a cultural and historical reality that is constructed in different ways among different people. The present research aims to study the most popular local TV serials set in Ilam over recent years. The main purpose of the research is understand what kind of image of femininity is shown in the local channel of Ilam. To this end, we used the theoretical concepts presented by Goffmanm, Bourdieu and Feminist framework. The research method is content analysis. To identity the visible and invisible concepts in the text, we used coding techniques. Sampling is targeted, hence we have selected three popular TV shows set in Ilam. The results show that these TV shows represent a particular form of femininity as hegemonic, and it helped to accept, approve and strengthen this type of femininity. Also, they resisted against representation of a variety of other femininities present in society, or showed them as abnormal or marginal femininity.
Sociology
Mehran Sohrabzadeh; Fatemeh Mansoriyan Ravandi
Abstract
Although there is less physical violence in the new world than there was in the past, verbal violence is less visible because it has always been hidden and not recognized in the cultural structure of society due to some cultural reasons. The current study aims to examine the lived experiences of women ...
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Although there is less physical violence in the new world than there was in the past, verbal violence is less visible because it has always been hidden and not recognized in the cultural structure of society due to some cultural reasons. The current study aims to examine the lived experiences of women from verbal violence; therefore, 11 women who were referred to counseling centers of Kashan were selected using in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that women's experiences of verbal violence in the family can be presented in two categories of “various dimensions of verbal abuse” and “causes of verbal abuse”. Different aspects of verbal violence resulted from exploring issues of interpretation such as: indifference to women, verbal violence under the guise of a joke, low value of and respect for women, dominating behavior towards wife, as well as issues of interpretation such as inappropriate system of socialization, discrimination and gender inequality, lack of rules, values of patriarchy and social learning, all of which are the most important factors affecting the causes of verbal violence.
Sociology
Mahdieh Mohammad Taghizadeh; Zahra Hamidi Soha
Abstract
Over the past decade, the phenomenon of polygamy has received a great deal of attention from researchers. The point to be considered in the related explanations is the stubborn adoption of a position of defense or opposition to polygamy. For some polygamous people, it has been customary in the past, ...
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Over the past decade, the phenomenon of polygamy has received a great deal of attention from researchers. The point to be considered in the related explanations is the stubborn adoption of a position of defense or opposition to polygamy. For some polygamous people, it has been customary in the past, but it is now not common in most societies. For other groups, however, its prescription in religious texts has made polygamy sufficiently allowable. Given the fact that "polygamy", understood as “multiple marriages”, is subject to the existence of certain conditions (derived from sharia and law) for its realization, therefore, protection of women's rights, community health, direct and indirect consequences of polygamy on the family as the most fundamental institution of society dictates the importance of the legislator's attention to this issue. The present article, using the library method, with an analytical-descriptive and inferential approach, after examining polygamy in Islam and addressing the issue of the principle of "unilateralism", aims to examine its related laws in civil law and law support for the family. Finally, after chart analysis of 20 cases related to polygamy, the legal proposals are presented to support the consolidation of the family foundation and to protect the rights of women and children in families facing this problem, relying on the fact that it is necessary to present legitimate and justifiable reasons for marrying a second wife; and the resignation of such marriage is subject to the existence of one of these reasons. Moreover, the reasons for the trial and also the specialized counseling body in the petitions which are due to non-compliance are in the text of the law.
Sociology
Ahmadreza Asgharpour Masouleh; Mahdi Kermani; Zahra Baradaran Kashani
Abstract
In each community, there are certain criteria and norms for selection of a spouse according to the conditions and requirements of society. In other words, selection of a spouse is a social affair, greatly influenced by the dominant values of society. More researches in this area have used deductive strategies ...
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In each community, there are certain criteria and norms for selection of a spouse according to the conditions and requirements of society. In other words, selection of a spouse is a social affair, greatly influenced by the dominant values of society. More researches in this area have used deductive strategies and quantitative methods to investigate the phenomenon. However, this phenomenon has subjective dimensions and diverse objective manifestations in life experience of social actors that are complex at the same time. This research is based on a phenomenological approach to explore the meaning of choosing a spouse among young women as a social phenomenon. This phenomenological study was carried out with the participation of fifteen young girls married in the city of Mashhad who were chosen purposefully. The results showed that there are three dominant patterns for the selection of a spouse: style based on traditional patterns, style based on friendly interactions, intermediate style (friendly interactions under the supervision of family). Also the criteria making, control of criteria, adaptation, acceptance and final selection represent the original dimensions of spouse selection common in life experience of participants under study.
Sociology
Mohammad Javad Javid; Esmat Shahmoradi
Abstract
Hijab has turned into a major concern for the authorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran over the recent decades. Since the Revolution, the obligatory hijab and considering it to be in line with the human morales has served as the major reason for maintenance of this legal obligation. Over certain periods, ...
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Hijab has turned into a major concern for the authorities of the Islamic Republic of Iran over the recent decades. Since the Revolution, the obligatory hijab and considering it to be in line with the human morales has served as the major reason for maintenance of this legal obligation. Over certain periods, there has been ups and downs regarding objections and criticisms concerning hijab but such criticisms have never stopped. There is a competing hypothesis which necessitates observance of the fundamental human rights of the Iranian citizens. In contrast, the government seeks recourse to the need for observance of the majority of Iranian citizens as Muslims to defend hijab as a legal (rather than mere religious) requirement. Due to the relative success of this hypothesis, the Islamic government is required to review in theory and practice the implementation of such legal requirement, while at the same time defending the legal stance of hijab. The present article seeks to adopt a practical perspective and provide an academic report to investigate the truth of hijab and the governing rules with respect to the legal, social and political ideas to portray a more realistic future for policy making concerning hijab in Islamic Republic of Iran.
Sociology
Mahvash Khademolfogharaei; Masoud Kianpour
Abstract
When faced with changes, communities always show resistance. Facing the modern world as a large change is not an exception. Some new traditions emerging from the modern world, regardless of the positive and negative valuations, due to not being aligned with traditional values are rejected by society ...
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When faced with changes, communities always show resistance. Facing the modern world as a large change is not an exception. Some new traditions emerging from the modern world, regardless of the positive and negative valuations, due to not being aligned with traditional values are rejected by society and those who follow these new customs and traditions are judged. One of the ways to prevent changes in society is stigmatizing. Women who comprise half of the population when facing challenging situations far more sensitive than men, have special conditions. The current study examines how women are stigmatized when they follow modern values using Fairclough's critical discourse analysis method which has four layers. The results indicate that the three components including “modern woman’s deconstruction", "rejection of modern woman from tradition" and "labeling the modern woman by tradition" are three steps of labeling the modern woman in this movie. So, discursive strategy shows that the existence of modern features in a woman provides the conditions for the stigma.
Sociology
Masoud Hajizadeh Meymandi; Somayeh Vakili Ghasemabad; Akram Mirmongereh
Abstract
Internet addiction is characterized by internet overuse, improper internet use and pathological internet use. This problem arises from the effects of living in the modern world. Regardless of whether internet addiction has been known as a disease or mental impairment or social problem, it is a chronic, ...
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Internet addiction is characterized by internet overuse, improper internet use and pathological internet use. This problem arises from the effects of living in the modern world. Regardless of whether internet addiction has been known as a disease or mental impairment or social problem, it is a chronic, pandemic and relapsing phenomenon associated with serious physical, financial, familial, social and psychological impariments. University students use internet a lot due to their education, therefore they are more prone to internet addiction. Also youth interest in technologies and their presence in the on-line social networks contribute to orientation of students to the internet and their dependency on internet. The current paper aims to investigate the relationship between psycho- social factors including self-esteem, social isolation and life satisfaction with internet addiction among female students in Yazd University. The population consisted of 7313 female students of Yazd University in the second semester of 1392. In order to determine the sample size, "Cocaran" sampling method was used. Accordingly, the sample size was determined to be 384 persons. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between self-esteem, social isolation, life satisfaction, marital status, education and internet addiction, but there is no significant relationship between the place of residence and internet addiction. The results of regression analysis showed that according to the adjusted coefficient of determination in the regression model, 11% of the variance in the dependent variable is explained by the independent variables.
Sociology
Mohammad Abbaszadeh; Narmin Nikdel
Abstract
Marriage as a social, biological and cultural event, has significant effects on demographic structure and consequently on the structure of respective institutions. The growing trend of increase age of marriage, especially among females, is a new phenomenon which plays a fundamental role in development ...
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Marriage as a social, biological and cultural event, has significant effects on demographic structure and consequently on the structure of respective institutions. The growing trend of increase age of marriage, especially among females, is a new phenomenon which plays a fundamental role in development of this structure through the evolution of family. Accordingly, the current research seeks to review and explore the contexts and conditions of delay in females’ age of marriage, using qualitative method and phenomenological approach. For this purpose, 20 girls over 30 years old were studied using the purposive sampling method and deep semi-structured interview in a narrative form. The results of the analysis of the participants' experiences led to identifying 346 initial codes, 9 primary sub-codes, 9 secondary sub-codes, and two main codes including personal contexts and social and cultural contexts. The most important obstacles to females marriage were conceptualized in the form of ideological patterns, psychological patterns, time-related experiences, development of relations between the sexes, filtering by significant others and the weakness of moral principles. The results of the analysis of explored themes showed that contexts and conditions of delay in females’ age of marriage are much more complex than some factors generally provided.
