Art
Fatemeh Shirazi; Zeynab Saber; Mohammad Reza Hassani
Abstract
Since the eighth century, much attention has been given by painters to Khamseh works due to its romantic and lyric stories. Female is a heroine who plays a significant role in most of Khamseh works showing its contributions to Nezamis works. Unlike common negative view about women in society, Nezami ...
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Since the eighth century, much attention has been given by painters to Khamseh works due to its romantic and lyric stories. Female is a heroine who plays a significant role in most of Khamseh works showing its contributions to Nezamis works. Unlike common negative view about women in society, Nezami considered a high social level for them. In different periods, these stories, especially Lily and Majnoon, Khosrow and Shirin and Haftgonbad Bahram'gour in which women’s presence is highlighted, have received much attention from painters. The current study reviews the images of women in the Khamseh during different periods. In the present study, the female representation in Khamseh works has been investigated based on Berlas Khamseh (ninth century) according to Bordio’s art sociology. The conclusion is that females views are more affected by public society and public culture in Berlas Khamseh due to Behzads artistic style and his attention to social realism.
Archeology
Kamal Aldin Niknami; Reza Ghasemi; Rezvan Rezaee
Abstract
The study of seals and seal impressions can make clear the dark corners of the social history of the Seleucid and Parthian. On the other hand, the analysis of personal and social position of individuals or groups for understanding the complicated relationship between human with other people or groups, ...
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The study of seals and seal impressions can make clear the dark corners of the social history of the Seleucid and Parthian. On the other hand, the analysis of personal and social position of individuals or groups for understanding the complicated relationship between human with other people or groups, also for the understanding of interactional relationships has gained special attention in historical researches. Among the above mentioned topics, the position of women has attracted particular attention. In this paper, 53 seal and seal-impressions of women with different designs from different parts of the Seleucid and Parthian lands are explained and analyzed. Pictures of women on the seals differ in style and motif including images of Greek women doing various chores and social activities, of which the Greek goddesses comprise more seals impressions in this period. samples from study centers such as uruk, Tel Kadesh, Seleucia Tigris, Nesa, Shush and Saleh Davood of Khuzestan were obtained. This article analyzes the designs, also the role and activity of women in administrative, political and social structures of Seleucid and Parthian. The most famous motifs of seals and seal-impressions include Aphrodite, Tike and Athena goddesses. It should also be noted that using women in designs were more common in the Seleucid era, whereas in Parthian periods, other than three seals, the image of women were rarely used.
Sadreddin Taheri
Abstract
Based on archaeological and anthropological findings, some of ancient societies were governed by social system of matriarchy. Among the ancient civilizations of Iran, Shahr-i Sokhta is a proper case for study to examine the social status of women, due to its continuous publications, which are results ...
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Based on archaeological and anthropological findings, some of ancient societies were governed by social system of matriarchy. Among the ancient civilizations of Iran, Shahr-i Sokhta is a proper case for study to examine the social status of women, due to its continuous publications, which are results of long-term scientific excavations. This article is a historical research through descriptive analytical method and quantitative and qualitative data, looking for evidence of matriarchal system in Shahr-i Sokhta. The seals in an ancient society represent prominent social status, state power, or participation in trade. In Shahr-i Sokhta graveyard, seals are almost entirely owned by women. Based on the high number of valuable objects, many of the buried females can be considered rich. Plentitude of these objects, especially in the second period, when the city’s population and commercial capacity reaches its peak, reveals that women of Shahr-i Sokhta (at least in the second and fourth periods) were on average richer than men. Guns are rarely found in the place, and instead, there are often decorative objects and various accessories alongside the deceased women. Given the ownership of the seals, it can be suggested that the goods manufactured in the surrounding villages, have been sold in the city or exported to other regions by women. Based on the evidence analyzed in this article, the author believes that the society of Shahr-i Sokhta was governed by a matriarchal system, at least in an important part of its 1300-year history, and those women have contributed significantly to the social and economic evolution of this civilization.
Seyed Abdolhossein Nabavi; Masoumeh Bagheri; Marzieh Shahryari
Abstract
This paper aims at studying the effects of work/family conflict and family/ work conflict as a result of work alienation. Some theories of Goffman, Duxbury and Higgins, Kirchmeyer and Cohen, Merton, Inglehart and Faunce are applied in the study. The research is conducted through a survey method. Stratified ...
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This paper aims at studying the effects of work/family conflict and family/ work conflict as a result of work alienation. Some theories of Goffman, Duxbury and Higgins, Kirchmeyer and Cohen, Merton, Inglehart and Faunce are applied in the study. The research is conducted through a survey method. Stratified random sampling has been used for selection of the samples. Main data collection method for was questionnaire. A sample of 386 people was selected from the married female employees of government in Ahvaz. Work alienation with respect to two aspects of work/family conflict, family/work conflict was the subject of study. In order to analyze data, the paper used froms of descriptive statistics, significant test, variance analysis, regression analysis and path analysis. The results indicated that work/family conflict and family/work conflict variables directly affect work alienation. Also, the results showed that social-economic status (objective aspect) variable, through work/family conflict and family/work variables, indirectly affect the work alienation. Also, perception of individual about social-economic status (subjective aspect) directly affect the work alienation. The results further showed that there is a significant inverse relationship between age, work experience, career position, urban/rural background variables and work alienation.
geography
Ahmad Hami; Elham Faham; Mohammad Mahdavi
Abstract
Feeling of safety is one of the main factors of social comfort and women as part of society have significant role in developing societies and improving of human. Increasing safety using environmental design in ladies urban park in which only women are allowed can be considered an effective method. The ...
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Feeling of safety is one of the main factors of social comfort and women as part of society have significant role in developing societies and improving of human. Increasing safety using environmental design in ladies urban park in which only women are allowed can be considered an effective method. The current study was conducted to understand women safety feeling in Ladies Park and also to discover the main reasons of feeling unsafe in Sahand city in Tabriz. In addition, Islamic cultural beliefs and values were considered during this study. In this aspect, all together 125 people of park users were selected and interviewed asking questions regarding preferred physical activities, accessibility to park, perceived safety, reasons of feeling unsafe, and their recommendation to improve safety in ladies urban parks. The results of the study revealed that high-rise building around park and arid area around the park were the main issue of not feeling safe in park, meanwhile, darkness and attending men for maintenance of the park were placed in the second level of importance for unsafe perception. Also, majority of the participants declared that they like to exercise in mornings every day. It seems that development of park surrounding and providing sport facilities may enhance safety perception in ladies urban park.
psychology
Eghbal Zare; Masoumeh Esmaeili; Taiebeh Shakibaei; Mousa Javdan
Abstract
The current study aims to examine the effect of counseling model based on Asma-hosna on marital quality of married women. The research was quasi-experimental using control group, pre- and post- test designs. The population study includes all of women aged 25 to 48 years old whose daughters were studying ...
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The current study aims to examine the effect of counseling model based on Asma-hosna on marital quality of married women. The research was quasi-experimental using control group, pre- and post- test designs. The population study includes all of women aged 25 to 48 years old whose daughters were studying at high school in Tehran during the academic year of 2017, and statistical sample consisted of 30 women selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two controls and experimental groups. Then, the experimental group participated in 10 educational sessions for counseling model based on Asma-hosna. The content of the training sessions is based on the available resources related to the Asma-hosna and famous Hadith of the Prophet, in which 99 names are considered divine. Both groups completed Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS; Busby et al., 1995) in pre- and post-tests. In the end, the results between 2 groups were compared through multi-covariate analysis. The results showed a significant increase in the mean of the marital quality scale and its subscales including the agreement, satisfaction and coherence in post-test in the experimental group (p<0.005). The findings of this research confirmed the effectiveness of counseling model based on Asma-hosna on marital quality of women, and it could be applied by professionals for developing couple therapy interventions.
Literature
Ali Asqar Kalantar; laleh mola
Abstract
AbstractUrban legends and fairytales use symbols and archetypes to bring forth, and describe, individual and collective actions and reactions in a society. Using an approach of both descriptive and comparative nature, the present article uses narrative analysis method to conduct an exploration of two ...
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AbstractUrban legends and fairytales use symbols and archetypes to bring forth, and describe, individual and collective actions and reactions in a society. Using an approach of both descriptive and comparative nature, the present article uses narrative analysis method to conduct an exploration of two similar legends of Beauty and the Beast, from European culture, and Shāhmār, from Iranian culture. The research question is the following; in the two narratives under study, what is described as the ideal epitome of a woman through the evolutionary course of moving from girlhood to womanhood by means of marriage? To answer this question, using the notion of “transformation” in the ideas of John Hinnells as well as the description of marriage as the “transformation of matrimony” based upon the ideas of Joseph Campbell about the evolutionary journey of mythical heroes, the condition of the heroines of both legends- along their path that leads to transformation of matrimony- was studied and analyzed. The results of the research show that the evolution of the heroine of Beauty and the Beast is based upon going past the state of girlhood to the state of womanhood by means of love and union with a creature which looks like a beast, a creature whose hidden inner beauty is unveiled and revealed after experiencing love, leading to the end of the story. In Shāhmār, however, love and union is created only when human nature of the beast is revealed, as this is the point where the eventual evolution of woman, namely, accepting the role of motherhood, starts; protecting the love and matrimony is thus introduced as the ideal and that which is of prime importance.
sanaz khanbanzadeh
Abstract
The presence of women in the architecture of the Pahlavi period is an important event that researchers did not pay much attention to, so women architects and their works remain unknown and it is necessary to develop this type of research. The purpose of this study is to determine which of the common ...
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The presence of women in the architecture of the Pahlavi period is an important event that researchers did not pay much attention to, so women architects and their works remain unknown and it is necessary to develop this type of research. The purpose of this study is to determine which of the common architectures of their time, women architects whose works were published in the Journal of Art and Architecture, in designing their works? In this regard, the method of historical-interpretive and descriptive-analytical research, the method of collecting documentary and library information, the method of analyzing coded data have been used. Common Pahlavi architecture is an independent variable and women's architectural works are a dependent variable. The statistical population is the works of women architects in the Pahlavi era, some of whom, whose names and works were published in the Journal of Art and Architecture in 1976, constitute the sample population. The results show that women: Rosemary Griffone, Nectar Papazian, Franca Gregorio Hesamian, Giti Afrooz Kardan were followers of modern style and they often used concrete and glass, strip windows, simplicity and brutalism, free facades and plans as a way to modernize their works. And ladies: Nooshin Ehsan, Leila Farhad Motamed, Kayhandokht Radpour, Mina Samiei, Shahrzad Siraj, Franka Gregorio Hesamian followed the regional-modern Iranian style and solutions such as using a sloping roof, central courtyard, arch and porch, concept and architectural geometry They used Iranians to connect modern architecture with Iranians architecture. Ladies: Rose Marie Griffone and Nasrin Faqih were followers of the regionalist style and there are bricks in their work.
Literature
Bahram Rezaei Vishesheraei; Mohammad Ali Khazane Darlo; mahmood Ranjbar
Abstract
One of the most important works in which the image of another, both "intra-cultural other" and "extra-cultural other" is reflected, is the travelogue. In this type of writing, images of women, men, cities, special places of pilgrimage, tourism, etc. can be the subject of imagery. This article is written ...
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One of the most important works in which the image of another, both "intra-cultural other" and "extra-cultural other" is reflected, is the travelogue. In this type of writing, images of women, men, cities, special places of pilgrimage, tourism, etc. can be the subject of imagery. This article is written in a descriptive-analytical way by combining the three approaches of critical discourse analysis, representation and imagery. The purpose of this research is to analyze the representation of various types of images of women and the assumptions that the author made in the framework of this type of representation. The results of the research show that in the travelogue "From Pariz to Paris" women with eastern and western nationalities are divided into two categories: historical women and contemporary women. The author represents the images of historical women indirectly and through the study of texts (intertextual) and the representation of images of contemporary women - who is either directly connected with them through personal experience or indirectly or directly , through communication with others (impersonal),has heard about them - with a combined experience (combination of face-to-face and impersonal experience).In this travelogue, the various titles of the author are placed in the shadow of the identity of "master intellectual of history" and with this identity, the image of contemporary women and historical court women and public women in the East and West is represented.
Archeology
Bahman Firozmandi; Iraj Rezaie
Abstract
Due to shortage of contemporary written sources and archaeological evidence, our knowledge about different parts of the Median society is very incomplete and fragmentary; therefore, a detailed assessment of some related issues such as conditions of women in this period is difficult and sometimes risky. ...
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Due to shortage of contemporary written sources and archaeological evidence, our knowledge about different parts of the Median society is very incomplete and fragmentary; therefore, a detailed assessment of some related issues such as conditions of women in this period is difficult and sometimes risky. The results of this research, based on the same historical sources and archaeological evidence, show that Median society, like other contemporary societies, was a Patriarchal society in which father was the head of the household and other members including lady of the house were his followers. In traditional Median society, men’s and women’s jobs were defined and both genders had their own tasks based on their physical and mental capabilities and abilities. In addition, it seems that women played a role in making decisions within the family, strengthening its foundations, protecting family’s traditions and dynamics of the family and median’s society economy.
Literature
Roghaye Vahhabi Daryakenari; Maryam Hoseini
Abstract
The "alien- enemy" archetype in cultural history of Iran often emerges in different forms and examples of hostility and alienation such as Tatar and Mongol. Mongol savagery and brutality on Iranians, was so severe that after a hard attack and murder and plunder, for centuries, they were an example for ...
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The "alien- enemy" archetype in cultural history of Iran often emerges in different forms and examples of hostility and alienation such as Tatar and Mongol. Mongol savagery and brutality on Iranians, was so severe that after a hard attack and murder and plunder, for centuries, they were an example for each type of attack. Gradually Mongols' attacks changed from historical form and remained in a mythical form in our literature and culture. This article describes how the myth of Mongol formed in our cultural history and signifies the issue, in particular, in the works of "Bahram Beyzai". The main feature of his fictional narratives is an active participation of women in the context of the narration. The purpose of this study is analyzing the struggle of "champion- trickster" women, against the myth of the Mongols, in the "Bahram Beyzai" narrations. Plays and screenplays that are considered in this study include: “Fathnameye kalat”, “mire kafanpush tales”, “ayyare tanha”,”ayyarname” and “tarajname”. The research is descriptive- analytical, so that at first we will express the way that Beyzai uses to describe myth of the Mongols, then five works that are particularly about women's struggle with Mongol in the narrations, will be analyzed.
Sociology
Zahra Mokhtari; Masoud Kianpour; Ehsan Agha Babaei
Abstract
Love has been important as a basis of marriage and mate selection in today’s Iranian society. Therefore, this study tries to understand lived experience of marital love before wedding from the perspective of newly married individuals by using phenomenological approach. Research subjects include ...
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Love has been important as a basis of marriage and mate selection in today’s Iranian society. Therefore, this study tries to understand lived experience of marital love before wedding from the perspective of newly married individuals by using phenomenological approach. Research subjects include married citizens of Isfahan who are in their early years of marital life. Through purposive sampling and in-depth interviews with twenty-four individuals data were collected and by using eight stages of phenomenological analysis, based on Butler-Kisber the interviews were analyzed. Data analysis shows that the lived experience of love before wedding up to exactly the wedding moment, is constructed by a contrast between reason and emotion in three phases including the contrast between “Romanticism” and “realism” before the encounter, and “liking”, “realism” and “sparking moments” after the encounter, which can be generally identified with the theme of “confusion between fear and hope”. The moment of wedding, besides having such a contrast, is also a pivotal moment in the consciousness of actors, and functions as the end point of the confusion; since after the wedding moment their uncertainty reduces to zero and they experience a kind of “emotional transformation”. Therefore, the wedding moment signifies a change of the lived experience of marital love before marriage.
Sociology
Ali Imanzadeh; Sedigheh Mohammadzadeh; Sarieh Alipour
Abstract
Changes in lifestyle and its contributing factors to some extent resulted in delayed marriage or no marriage as one of the fundamental problems of today society. The problem is more frequently observed in graduate students. The objective of this study is to examine the girls lived experiences of graduate ...
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Changes in lifestyle and its contributing factors to some extent resulted in delayed marriage or no marriage as one of the fundamental problems of today society. The problem is more frequently observed in graduate students. The objective of this study is to examine the girls lived experiences of graduate students of Tabriz University of late marriage. This study was conducted based on the qualitative approach using phenomenological method. Participants in this study were 22 delay marriage girls who were selected by the purposive sampling. Data were collected via in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed based on Strabert and Carpenter method. Five main themes were achieved from the experiences of the people. The factors are including the economy, education, culture, cyberspace and the consequences and outcomes. Some Sub-themes are the role of the socio-economic issues, false beliefs and traditions, and virtual spaces. These factors have caused widespread late marriage that has consequences such as depression, Delaissement, anxiety of alone, and humiliation. Some strategies such as promotion of Islamic lifestyle can be improve this phenomenon.
Behrooz Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari; Maryam Dehghani
Abstract
This research deals with the differences in the writings of male and female authors in the contemporary Persian novels, and employs Lakoff's (1975) linguistic approach to reach this objective. The main aim of this work is to make sure if the factor of gender may lead to differences in methods of writings ...
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This research deals with the differences in the writings of male and female authors in the contemporary Persian novels, and employs Lakoff's (1975) linguistic approach to reach this objective. The main aim of this work is to make sure if the factor of gender may lead to differences in methods of writings between men and women in terms of vocabulary choices and syntactic variations. In this research, three novels Cheragh ha ra man khamush mikonam (I Turn off the Lights), Koliye Kenare Atash (Gypsy by the Fire), and Baziye Akhare Banu (The Final Game of the Lady) by three female authors, and the novels Kafe Piyano (Cafe Piano), Sanfoniye Mordegan (Symphony of the Dead), and Sorayya dar Eghma (Sorayya in Coma) from the male authors have been analyzed with respect to their vocabulary, and then the statistical analyses of these novels are presented. The results show differences in the writings of men and women in Persian novels.
Archeology
Diana Rostami Nejadan; Mansour Mansouri Moghadam
Abstract
Spirituality and religious status of women in Kurdistan have many different aspects. For centuries, the goddess of mother, and his holiness, as a symbol of respect and importance of women, is in the midst of Kurdish culture and worldview. The cultural zone of Kurdistan is the land of the first ...
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Spirituality and religious status of women in Kurdistan have many different aspects. For centuries, the goddess of mother, and his holiness, as a symbol of respect and importance of women, is in the midst of Kurdish culture and worldview. The cultural zone of Kurdistan is the land of the first religions and abstract systems which, in their dawnings, have been mixed with feminine characteristics and the honors of the mother goddess. The position in Kurdistan in this regard has two contradictory facets: in the literature and the present social system, we can observe a patriarchal system and ideology to some extent. Studying the religious roots of Kurdish culture, however, we can observe the evidence for the maternal system, the sanctity of goddesses, and consequently the spiritual and powerful position of the woman. Among the characteristics of all the material and immaterial works relevant to the woman and the mother goddess, we can find strong symbolic and abstract nature. These symbols have mixed features and have evolved over time, and today they comprise the main sources of the rich literature and traditional arts of the Kurds.
Zahra Ghiasian; Saeed Shapouri
Abstract
Simone de Beauvoir in her well-known book of the “Second Sex” proposed several unique concepts of existentialist feminism for the first time. Based upon these specific definitions such as the “sex-gender distinction”, that is, the distinction between biological sex and the social ...
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Simone de Beauvoir in her well-known book of the “Second Sex” proposed several unique concepts of existentialist feminism for the first time. Based upon these specific definitions such as the “sex-gender distinction”, that is, the distinction between biological sex and the social and historical construction of a gender and related stereotypes, she succeeded in rationalizing the fundamental source of women's oppression in the historical and social construction of a female stereotype as the quintessential “other” gender or sex. Based upon such existentialist feministic definitions, Simon de Beauvoir explored and explained a woman’s different roles in the context of her own society; social roles such as a loyal wife, a lover and/or a Narcissistic woman. Further, she succeeded in picturing how a woman that lives under an unbearable social pressure can unconsciously suppress herself and therefore live a miserable life. In this study, we endeavored to explain a woman’s social role from the Simon de Beauvoir’s viewpoint using three contemporary dramas: “a streetcar named desire” by Tennessee Williams; “they are alive” by Athol Fugard; and “ghosts” by Henrik Ibsen. Here, we argued and presented that how Simon de Beauvoir’s existentialist feministic viewpoint can significantly influence and replace the exiting definition of a woman in a male dominated society as an equally acceptable female part of the civilized society as opposed to the existing reflection of a woman in the masculine society as the “other sex or gender”.
Elahe Imani; Afsaneh Ghani
Abstract
AbstractIn the present era, attention to the identity and culture of each nation has a special place and clothing is one of the most important characteristics of any society’s identity, constantly changing in terms of style and fashion. This change of style occurs most often between ...
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AbstractIn the present era, attention to the identity and culture of each nation has a special place and clothing is one of the most important characteristics of any society’s identity, constantly changing in terms of style and fashion. This change of style occurs most often between women's clothing. In many cases in Iran, the design of women's clothing has been influenced by global fashion, or in other words, the western culture. Therefore, the present study tries to revive the identity and ethnic values, adding creativity to women’s clothing, namely their gown. For this purpose, the capabilities of the patterns of the elastic bergamot rugs and Qashqai quasi-modeler, one of the original designs of this people, have been explained in the design of women's daily coats. The main questions asked in the present study are: In what scientific way can the designs and motifs of Qashqai rugs be used in clothing design? And what are the solutions for applying the designs and structure of Qashqai rugs in Iranian women's social clothing? This research employs a descriptive-analytical method, based on library resources. It has proceeded with the method of Scamper creativity model which refers to seven basic techniques of substitution, composition, adaptation, reinforcement, other application, deletion, and inversion. Finally, the results have shown that the designs of Qashqai rugs possess the ability to be sewn or decorated with different techniques based on the scamper pattern, both in design and execution. In the design of gowns, the solutions lies in the designs being used as monographs, the overall structure of the design or part of it in both design and sewing and execution..
Javad Nazari Moghaddam
Abstract
Proverbs as one of the most important elements of oral literature can be a reflection of the beliefs and attitudes governing society. One of the important topics of social research is how women are represented in culture and oral literature. In this study, we try to get a relatively clear picture of ...
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Proverbs as one of the most important elements of oral literature can be a reflection of the beliefs and attitudes governing society. One of the important topics of social research is how women are represented in culture and oral literature. In this study, we try to get a relatively clear picture of the position of women in Gilan society by examining Gilaki proverbs. This study is a descriptive-analytical study by analyzing the content of four books: "Dictionary of Proverbs and Terms of Gil and Dilam", "JadkeftehGaban", "Proverbs and Terms of Gilaki" and the book "Gilaki Proverbs" which contains 4562 proverbs east, west and center of Gilan, 182 proverbs have been counted related to the subject of research. To analyze the data, thematic analysis method and proverbs with common and similar themes were used. The following five major categories of images of positive aspects of women, image of negative aspects of women, woman as inferior element, woman as superior element and woman as equal element. They were categorized and analyzed in relation to men. Findings show that the image of women in the culture of the people of Gilan is diverse and multifaceted and although in some of the proverbs women are represented as a weak and inferior element, but a significant part of the proverbs emphasize on the superior or equal role of women to men in society.
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , February 2010
Abstract
A group of Palestinians became refugees in neighboring Arab countries after their homeland was occupied by Israel. Other part of the population continued to reside in the occupied country at Karate Gerbil and Ghazi, but they have lost the peace, and the political stability and establishment. Consequently, ...
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A group of Palestinians became refugees in neighboring Arab countries after their homeland was occupied by Israel. Other part of the population continued to reside in the occupied country at Karate Gerbil and Ghazi, but they have lost the peace, and the political stability and establishment. Consequently, this disordered situation affected Palestinian poetry.Refugee status, exile, massacre, pillage, confiscation of the land and the property, demolition and destruction, etc caused the Palestinian poets to reflect their compatriot's endless sufferings post 1948. This has strengthened the Palestinians’ adherence to their national poetry. Thus, the spirit of the resistance and the liberation of the occupied homeland have become the main goal of the Palestinian Mojahids to promote and support the National Palestinian Movement
Keyvan zahedi; Hsan Ashayeri; Fereshteh Rahimzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 2 , February 2010
Abstract
Human brain has been constructed to be different between male and female from structural and functional points of view. This research aims at the study of the difference between two genders in perception of non- affective (linguistic) prosody of speech. The present study is cross – sectional, whose ...
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Human brain has been constructed to be different between male and female from structural and functional points of view. This research aims at the study of the difference between two genders in perception of non- affective (linguistic) prosody of speech. The present study is cross – sectional, whose subjects include 50 Iranians in two gender categories of male and female. The responses of each group to all tests are registered. The stimuli comprises 144 linguistic sentences (declarative, interrogative and imperative) in three categories of meaningful, non-sense and filtered types, which are recorded by two speakers, a man and a woman and presented to the subjects. Data analysis is carried out using statistical independent t-Test. The results indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between males and females in perception of non- affective prosody (P
saeed ketabi; mahdi aghili; marjan abolhasani
Volume 2, Issue 3 , June 2010
Abstract
This study investigates the extent of acceptability and transparency of some of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) coined terms (neologisms) compared to that of the borrowed words. It also sought to see if there were any relationships between the genders of participants and the extent ...
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This study investigates the extent of acceptability and transparency of some of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) coined terms (neologisms) compared to that of the borrowed words. It also sought to see if there were any relationships between the genders of participants and the extent of acceptability and transparency of the coinages. It was, thus, hypothesized that the coinages were more acceptable and transparent to female participants. To conduct the study, 60 male and female students (31 males and 29 females) were randomly selected. In order to collect the data, a questionnaire was administered. The results of data analysis indicated that the coinages were more acceptable and transparent to female participants although the differences between the two groups were not significant.
Abolghasem Dadvar
Volume 2, Issue 4 , July 2010
Abstract
Primitive religious belief could not have conceptualized earthly and heavenly power objectively except in the feminine principal of existence. All ancient societies moved around one or more symbols which stood as the origin and source of the primitive mother and worshiped it. Subsequent changes and developments ...
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Primitive religious belief could not have conceptualized earthly and heavenly power objectively except in the feminine principal of existence. All ancient societies moved around one or more symbols which stood as the origin and source of the primitive mother and worshiped it. Subsequent changes and developments led to the worship of multiple gods with human shapes and body.The history of Iran shows that at different times women have held lofty positions. Women were the keepers of the fire, inventors and makers of pottery, finders of plants, experimenters of farming, and administrators of tribes. Women have also been the link between families. By making pottery they learnt chemistry, by spinning they understood physics, by weaving they became familiar with mechanics. Research about the position and status of women in Elamite civilization is of importance as Iranians have adapted large parts of their culture and civilization from Elam. In particular as the feminine principal of existence stood at the center of Elamite religious beliefs so goddesses were among the predominant gods. According to Elamite legal thoughts women had their own rights and positions and as plaintive they never appeared in an inferior rank. In all legal judgements there are names of gods who have mainly female genders. In Elamite society the testimony of women was acceptable and women's names in judicial reports bares witness to this fact. It was due to the high position of womens that the king Shiro Kadooh appointed his mother Susa's Sukkal.
Bahman Firozmandi; Mandan Kazazi
Volume 2, دوره 2،شماره 1 , January 2011
Abstract
This article aims at analyzing the figurines of Hajilar located in Central Anatolia. It specifically analyzes the female figurines found in level VI of Hajilar related to the Neolithic culture. Apart from that, some theories regarding different functions of these figurines are also discussed in the present ...
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This article aims at analyzing the figurines of Hajilar located in Central Anatolia. It specifically analyzes the female figurines found in level VI of Hajilar related to the Neolithic culture. Apart from that, some theories regarding different functions of these figurines are also discussed in the present article. In order to have a better understanding of the nature of these figurines, their function and their relation to the role of women in prehistory, the researcher also briefly discusses the gnerality of these figurines.
Reaza Firouzi; Fahimeh Farahmandpour
Abstract
Discussing fundamental problems of sexuality and its related respects could help religious scholars to find out a deeper understanding and analysis of Islamic teachings. The problem of Hijab in the Islamic teachings is investigated concerning its various aspects. In this article, the celestial reality ...
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Discussing fundamental problems of sexuality and its related respects could help religious scholars to find out a deeper understanding and analysis of Islamic teachings. The problem of Hijab in the Islamic teachings is investigated concerning its various aspects. In this article, the celestial reality of Hijab in the structure of the Names of Allah is analyzed. The approach of this article is intra-religious. And its typology is explanatory. After a brief study of the structure of the Names of Allah and its relationship with the reality of human being, it is discovered that the subject of Hijab, as one of the verses of Holy Quran, is the manifestation of one Name among Allah’s Names in the corporeal world i.e., the aspect of the “Hidden” Name. Its celestial meaning, therefore, is manifested in the form of Hijab in the divine law of Islam. Based on this point of view, it is clear that woman has been honored to a special perfection in the manifestation of one aspect of the Hidden (Inward). By this approach, some religious matters such as a sense of honor and wisdom of preserving the sanctuary of family in the religious law preserve a very deep meaning.
tahereh hooshangi; mahmood shahabi
Abstract
Cars are one of the most important symbols of modern technology which contain various social and cultural messages about concepts like gender, ethnicity, age, social class, etc. and are interpreted differently based on the needs and motivations of users. Since the main aim of this research is having ...
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Cars are one of the most important symbols of modern technology which contain various social and cultural messages about concepts like gender, ethnicity, age, social class, etc. and are interpreted differently based on the needs and motivations of users. Since the main aim of this research is having a deep look at use of cars among female drivers, we will first take a look at the conceptual relationships between gender and cars. Then through the “grounded theory” methodology as well as through deep and semi-structured interviews with 15 women owning privet cars, data analysis will be performed and the reasons and results of women’s driving will be explained via a descriptive and interpretative approach.
The findings of this research show that in daily activities women’s motivations of driving include feeling secure, generating income, communication and consuming tendencies which directly affect women’s driving private cars, and will have impact on their Individual and social identity.
