نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکدة ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد زبان و ادبیات فارسی، گرایش ادبیات تطبیقی، دانشکدة ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

10.22059/jwica.2023.359649.1919

چکیده

هویت فرایند پاسخگویی آگاهانۀ فرد، قوم و ملت به «چیستی و کیستی» خود است و شناخت ارزش‌های هویت تاریخی هریک در تحقق اهداف مهم فرهنگی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و اقتصادی آن‌ها کارگشا است. تصویرشناسی فرهنگی فرهنگ جوامع بشری و ویژگی‌های آن را از رهگذر آثار ادبی و هنری بررسی می‌کند و موضوع آن، بیشتر بررسی بازتاب ذهنیت یا استدلال فرد، گروه و ملت و تصویر آن‌ها در سفرنامه‌ها است. سیاحان مستشرق، سیمای زنان ایرانی را در سفرنامه‌های خود آورده‌اند؛ چنان‌که جهانگردانی مانند تاورنیه و سانسون جایگاه، نقش و هویت زنان ایرانی عصر صفوی را توصیف و گاهی بر پایۀ کلیشه‌های ذهنی قضاوت کرده‌اند. این پژوهش با هدف تبیین جایگاه، نقش و هویت زنان ایرانی عصر صفوی در سفرنامه‌های تاورنیه و سانسون بر پایۀ انگارۀ تصویرشناسی فرهنگی به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی انجام شده و نگاه واقعی و کلیشه‌های ذهنی این جهانگردان را به زنان ایرانی عصر صفوی بررسی کرده است. دستاورد پژوهش نگاه واقعی و کلیشه‌ای این سفرنامه‌نویسان را به زنان ایرانی نشان داده است؛ به‌طوری‌که زیبایی، ازدواج، پذیرش چندهمسری، باروری و پسرآوری، مهم‌ترین خواستۀ جامعۀ مردسالار این دوره از زنان منفعل جامعه بوده است. بااین‌حال برخورد جامعۀ مردسالار با زنان درباری متفاوت است؛ چنان‌که این زنان افزون بر ویژگی‌های مذکور، همواره برای کسب مهارت و حضور در عرصه‌های اجتماعی تلاش کرده و مهارت‌هایی مانند شکار، تیراندازی، اسب‌سواری، گل‌دوزی و... کسب کرده‌اند و سفرنامه‌نویسان این عدم انفعال را در کلیشه‌های ذهنی به زنان عامه نیز نسبت داده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Appearance of Iranian Women during the Safavid Era Based on Cultural Iconography (Case study: Travelogues of Sanson and Tavernier)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khalil Baygzade 1
  • nazanin namdari 2

1 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

2 M.A. of Persian Language and Literature/ The Trend of Comparative Literature, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

چکیده [English]

Identifying one’s “what and who” is a conscious process. Understanding the historical values of a nation or people is helpful in achieving their important cultural, social, political, and economic goals. The discipline of ccultural iconography investigates the culture of human societies and its characteristics through literary and artistic works. In the same way that world travelers such as Tavernier and Sanson have described the position, role and identity of Iranian women in the Safavid era in their travelogues, eastern travelers have included the image of Iranian women. However, they have also been judged based on mental stereotypes. The purpose of this research was to elucidate the position, role, and identity of Iranian women during the Safavid era in the travelogues of Tavernier and Sanson. It was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach, based on the concept of cultural iconography. The real view and mental stereotypes of Iranian women during this period were analyzed, as beauty, marriage, fertility, and having sons were the most important demands placed on women in the patriarchal society of the era. Of course, the patriarchal society's treatment of women has been distinct in addition to beauty, marriage, acceptance of polygamy, and having sons. Court women are not passive; they consistently strive to acquire skills and participate in social arenas, including hunting, shooting, riding horses, embroidering etc. Travel writers have also attributed this lack of passivity to common women in mental stereotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Iconography
  • Iranian Woman’s Identity
  • Sanson’s Travelogue
  • Safavid Era
  • Tavernieh’s Travelogue
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