نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار گروه نقاشی و مجسمه‌سازی، دانشکده هنرهای تجسمی، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد تاریخ هنر جهان اسلام، دانشکده هنرهای تجسمی، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22059/jwica.2023.348429.1906

چکیده

یکی از شاخصه‌های عمدۀ شناختی انسان، خصوصاً در عصر مدرن و پس از آن، هویت جنسیتی است که از طریق آن مرز میان خود و دیگری قابل‌ادراک می‌شود و قلمرو تعریف و تحدید ماهوی شخص معین می‌شود. بازتاب این مسئله در آثار هنرمندان معاصر، به‌ویژه هنرمندان زن مسلمان، به‌عنوان یک دغدغه‌ای جدی قابل مطالعه و تحلیل است. پژوهش حاضر با مبنا قراردادن آثار سه هنرمند زن معاصر در جهان اسلام، مونا حاتوم (هنرمند فلسطینی‌تبار، متولد 1952)، للا السعیدی (هنرمند مراکشی، متولد 1956) و بشری المتوکل (هنرمند یمنی، متولد 1969)، درصدد پاسخ به این پرسش است که کدام عوامل موجب بازتاب هویت جنسیتی در آثار این سه هنرمند شده و هرکدام، چگونه آن را در آثار خود انعکاس داده‌اند. روش تحقیق توصیفی-تحلیلی است و گردآوری اطلاعات از طریق اسناد کتابخانه‌ای صورت گرفته است. شیوۀ تجزیه و تحلیل کیفی است و برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات گردآوری‌شده، از روش استقرایی استفاده شده است. نتایج حاکی از آن است که هویت جنسیتی زنان، وضعیت افراط‌گرایی‌های مذهبی در کنار هویت‌های قومی و دلالت‌های زبانی، محور اصلی آثار مورد مطالعه را تشکیل می‌دهند. سیالیت هویت و نمایش روابط خلاقانه و دگرگون‌شدۀ زنان، گاه در قیاس با مردان و گاه به‌صورت مستقل، نمودی از دغدغه‌های هویت جنسیتی نزد این هنرمندان است و آنان از طریق عکاسی، ویدیو و بهره‌گیری از عنصر نوشتار، این عوامل را در آثار خود انعکاس داده‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Reflection of Gender Identity in the Works of Three Contemporary Female Artists of the Islamic World

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mina Mohammadi Vakil 1
  • niloofar shafiee 2

1 . Corresponding Author, Assistant Professor, Department of Painting and Sculpture School of Visual Arts, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 . Faculty of Fine Arts, College of Visual Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Gender identity is a major cognitive characteristic of humans, particularly in the modern era and beyond. It is a means by which the boundary between the self and the other is discernible, and the domain of defining and delimiting the essential nature of the individual is established. The analysis and study of the reflection of this issue in the works of contemporary artists, particularly Muslim women artists, is a significant concern. The present research, which is based on the works of three contemporary women artists in the Islamic world—Mona Hatoum (Palestinian artist, born 1952), Lalla Essaydi (Moroccan artist, born 1956), and Boushra Almutawakel (Yemeni artist, born 1969)—examines the factors that have influenced the reflection of gender identity in the works of these three artists and the manner in which each artist has reflected it in their work. The data was collected through library documents, and the research method was descriptive-analytical in the current study. The information collected has been analyzed using the inductive approach, and the analysis method has been qualitative. The results suggest that the primary focus of the research is the issue of women's gender identity, the condition of religious extremism, as well as the linguistic implications and ethnic identities. The concerns of gender identity in these artists are manifested in the fluidity of identity and the display of creative and transformed relationships between women, sometimes in comparison to men and sometimes independently. These factors have been incorporated into their works through photography, video, and the use of the written element.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gender Identity
  • Contemporary Art
  • Mona Hatoum
  • Lalla Essaydi
  • Boushra Almutawakel
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