Since the encounter of Islamic societies with Western culture and civilization, the conflict between tradition and modernity has become one of the most important intellectual and social challenges of the Muslim world—a challenge that has manifested itself particularly strongly in the issue of the political and socio cultural participation of Muslim women. This matter, often accompanied by extreme or overly permissive approaches, has prompted many Muslim thinkers to respond, reflect, and propose solutions. Among these thinkers, Muḥammad al Ghazālī of Egypt and Yūsuf al Qaraḍāwī hold a special place, as their ideas have been influential in the intellectual and political transformations of the contemporary Muslim world, especially within the Arab and Sunni spheres. This study, using a descriptive analytical method and a comparative approach, seeks to answer the question of how al Ghazālī’s and al Qaraḍāwī’s views on the presence and socio political engagement of Muslim women were formed, and to what extent these views were shaped by the confrontation—or coexistence—between tradition and modernity. The findings indicate that both thinkers, while criticizing and rejecting the extremist traditionalist and modernist approaches, emphasize reviving a balanced perspective based on authentic Islamic teachings—teachings which, in their view, were embodied during the Prophet’s era in the way women were treated and in their realistic and well measured participation in society.