In recent years, couples' participation in family life has attracted researchers' attention due to its effects on couple relationships, marital quality, and fertility decisions and behaviors. Drawing on theoretical approaches such as resource dependence, time availability, and gender ideology, this article explains the division of domestic labor. The study employed a survey method, with data collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The sample comprised 456 married women aged 15–49 in Tehran. Findings indicate that 84% of women perform housework alone. In tasks involving children, however, women's share is smaller, with 40% of such tasks done jointly. Notably, the majority of women held an egalitarian gender perspective. Nevertheless, gender attitude showed no significant relationship with the division of domestic labor; both traditional and egalitarian respondents tended to do housework alone. Bivariate analysis revealed significant relationships between the division of labor and the variables of number of children, having a child under six years of age, and the couple's educational level. However, when all variables were entered simultaneously into the analysis, only the husband's educational level and marital cohort remained significant. As men's education increases, gender attitudes become more egalitarian. Thus, men's education plays a stronger role than women's education in determining the division of household chores.