نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و زبان‌های خارجی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشکده ادبیات و زبان‌های خارجی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران

چکیده

در نقد فمینیستی، مسئلۀ زن و جایگاه او در جامعه مطرح می‌شود. رمان «التی تعد السلالم»، اثر هدی حمد نویسندۀ زن عمانی، رویکردی نقادانه نسبت به جایگاه زنان در جامعه دارد و دربردارندۀ مفاهیمی چون اختلاف طبقاتی میان زنان، چالش‌های فرهنگی آنان و سیطرۀ نظام مردسالارانه است. پژوهش پیش‌رو با رویکرد کیفی و روش توصیفی-تحلیلی رمان یادشده را در تطابق با رویکردهای چهارگانۀ نقد فمینیستی «الین شوالتر» شامل رویکردهای زیست‌شناختی، روان‌شناختی، زبان‌شناختی و فرهنگی بررسی می‌کند و در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که نویسنده چگونه مؤلفه‌های زنانه را در اثر خود بازتاب داده است. حمد در بعد زیست‌شناسی زنان به مسائلی چون زایمان، ختنۀ زنان و بارداری اشاره کرده و در بعد روانی، مسائلی مانند وسواس فکری و عملی، خواب و دوگانگی رفتاری را مورد توجه قرار داده است. کاربرد ویژگی‌های برجستۀ زبانی توسط نویسنده همچون واژگان و لهجۀ عامیانۀ عربی در انعکاس مسائل زنانه و مشکلات فرهنگی چون قاچاق زنان و آزار جسمی آن‌ها، موجب خلق اثری تأثیرگذار و آگاهی‌بخش شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد حمد با تکیه بر شگردهای زبان زنانۀ خود با توجه به مسائل اجتماعی و فرهنگی زنان در هویت‌بخشی به زنان موفق عمل کرده و بسامد بالای مؤلفه‌های الگوی شوالتر، زنانهبودن اثر وی را اثبات می‌کند. نویسنده با زبان زنانۀ خود، دغدغه‌های مهم و عمیق دربارۀ زنان را در قالب مسائل زیستی، روانی و فرهنگی مطرح کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Feminist Criticism of the Novel “Allati Taodd al-Salalem” based on Elaine Showalter’s Theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohsen seifi 1
  • samaneh dehghani 2
  • ali najafi ivaki 3

1 Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

2 Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages ,University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Feminist criticism emphasizes the position of women within society. The novel Alati Ta’ud al Salalim (She who counts the staircases) was authored by the Omani author Hoda Hamed. In her novel, she takes a critical approach to women’s position in society critically in her novel, addressingconcepts like social class inequality among women, cultural challenges they face, and masculine dominance. The present study aims to investigate this novel based on four gynocriticism models that Elaine Showalter has proposed: biological, linguistic, psychoanalytic, and cultural. The objective of this study is to provide an answer to the following inquiry:  “how does the writer reflect women’s components in her novel?” She has brought up concerns regarding childbirth, female circumcision, and pregnancy, considering the biological model. In terms of the psychoanalytic model, she has made reference to bipolar disorder, obsessions, compulsions, and sleep. Hamed has produced an exemplary and enlightening piece by utilizing noticeable linguistic characteristics, including vocabulary and Arabic dialect, to address women’s concerns and cultural challenges, like women trafficking and physical abuse. According to the findings of the research, she has effectively identified women who are concerned with the social and cultural issues of women. Furthermore, its feministic nature is confirmed by the high frequency with which the components of Showalter’s model appear in the novel under study. The narrative places such an emphasis on the cultural dimension of women that fundamental and profound cultural concerns are overshadowed by biological and psychoanalytic issues.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Feminist Criticism
  • Elaine Showalter
  • Hoda Hamed
  • Patriarch
  • Female Identity
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