نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه زبان و ادبیات عربی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

انتقاد به جایگاه زنان در جامعۀ لیبی یکی از مشخصه‌های رمان نانی روی میز دایی میلاد، رمان برگزیدۀ بوکر عربی 2022 و نوشتۀ محمد النعاس نویسندۀ معاصر لیبیایی است. این رمان دربرگیرندۀ تعداد زیادی شخصیت زن و بیان شرایط و عقاید و افکار آن‌ها در جامعه‌ای با فرهنگ مردسالاری و نگاه جنسیتی به زن است. این اثر با توصیفات تلخی از زنان داستان و سرنوشت آنان، ریشۀ درماندگی‌هایشان را حاکمیت مردسالاری می‌داند که مانع از بروز استعدادهای آن‌ها می‌شود. به‌دلیل بازتاب دیدگاه انتقادی محمد النعاس در بستر رمان مذکور و تطابق با دیدگاه زیبایی‌شناسی انتقادی مکتب فرانکفورت نسبت به اینکه هنر و ادبیات باید با رویکرد سلبی و مخالف‌خوان به مبارزه با شرایط موجود برای رسیدن به شرایط مطلوب برآیند، بر آن شدیم تا رمان مذکور را براساس این نظریه با رویکرد تحقیق کیفی و با روش تحلیل محتوا بررسی کنیم. مقالۀ حاضر کوششی برای تحلیل و بررسی این دیدگاه انتقادی است. یافته‌های پژوهش بیانگر انطباق دیدگاه محمد النعاس با رویکرد انتقادی مکتب فرانکفورت است و نشان می‌دهد او با هدف آگاه‌کردن جامعه و بهبود جایگاه زنان، با دیدگاه مخالف‌خوان و سلبی به انتقاد از وضعیت آنان در جامعه پرداخته است. همچنین با ایجاد تقابل میان زنان سنتی و مدرن به انتقاد از نظام مردسالاری حاکم و ستم‌هایی که بر زنان روا داشته شده می‌پردازد و با کمک‌گرفتن از شخصیت‌های مرد علیه نظام مردسالاری، سعی در آگاه کردن زنان و مردان جامعه‌اش نسبت به جایگاه زن و نقش او در خانواده و اجتماع دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analyzing the Position of Women in the Novel Bread on the Table of Al-Khal Milad by Mohammad Al-Naas Based on the Frankfurt School of Critical Aesthetics

نویسندگان [English]

  • Chiman Mohammadi bytambar 1
  • mohamadnabi ahmadi 2

1 . PhD Candidate of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

چکیده [English]

The novel Bread on Uncle Milad's Table, which was selected for the 2022 Arab Booker and is written by the contemporary Libyan writer Mohammad Al-Naas, is characterized by its critique of the role of women in Libyan society. In a society characterized by a patriarchal culture and a gendered perspective on women, this novel features a substantial number of female characters who express their conditions, opinions, and thoughts. The novel posits that the root of the women’s helplessness is patriarchy, which impedes the development of their talents. The novel also includes bitter descriptions of the women and their fate. In light of the critical perspective of Mohammad Al-Naas in the context of the aforementioned novel and the Frankfurt School’s critical aesthetic perspective that art and literature should fight against the existing conditions with a negative and oppositional approach to achieve the desired conditions, we decided to write the novel. We will analyze it in a descriptive-analytical manner in accordance with this theory. This article is an endeavor to investigate and analyze this critical perspective. The research results indicate that Mohammad Al-Naas’s perspective is in alignment with the Frankfurt School's critical approach. He has critiqued the status of women in society with the intention of informing society and enhancing their status, albeit from a negative and opposing  perspective. He criticizes the ruling patriarchal system and the oppressions that have been inflicted on women by juxtaposing traditional and modern women in his narrative. He attempts to inform the women and men of his society about their position by enlisting the assistance of male characters in their opposition to the patriarchal system. A woman’s significant function in society and the family.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bread on Uncle Milad's Table
  • Critical aesthetics
  • Frankfurt school
  • Patriarchy
  • Position of Women
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