نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد روان شناسی بالینی، گروه روان شناسی دانشکده روان شناسی دانشگاه الزهراء(س)

2 دانشیار گروه روانشناسی و علوم تریبیتی، پژوهشکده زنان، دانشگاه الزهرا(س)

3 ارشد روانشناسی دانشگاه الزهرا(س)

4 ارشد روان شناسی دانشگاه الزهرا(س)

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی بین‏فرهنگی نگرش به نقش‏های جنسیتی، ارزش‏های والدینی و فرسودگی والدینی در دو گروه از والدین ایرانی و مهاجران افغان انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش دو گروه از والدین ایرانی ساکن تهران و والدین مهاجر افغان ساکن شهر تهران بودند که 398 والد شامل 199 والد مهاجر افغان ساکن شهر تهران (97 پدر و 102 مادر) و تعداد 199 والد ایرانی ساکن شهر تهران (93 پدر و 106 مادر) به روش نمونه‏گیری دردسترس و داوطلب از مناطق مختلف شهر تهران برای شرکت در پژوهش انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای سنجش شامل مقیاس نگرش به نقش‏های جنسیتی، مقیاس ارزش‏ها در بزرگسالان و مقیاس فرسودگی والدینی بود. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد والدین دو گروه ایرانی و افغان در فرسودگی والدینی، نگرش به نقش جنسیتی سنتی و از بین ارزش‏های والدینی قدرت و پیشرفت، اثرگذاری و خودگردانی، سخاوتمندی و خیرخواهی تفاوت دارند. در رابطه با اثر جنس نتایج مشخص کرد مادران و پدران در فرسودگی والدینی، نگرش به نقش‏های جنسیتی و ارزش‏های والدینی به‏ جز اثرگذاری و خودگردانی تفاوت معنی ‏داری با یکدیگر داشتند. در تعامل اثر غیربومی‏ بودن و جنسیت، پدران ایرانی در نقش‏های جنسیتی ویژه، پدران افغان در نقش سنتی جنسیتی و مادران ایرانی در نقش جنسیتی دوگانه نمرات بیشتری کسب کردند. از میان ارزش‏های والدینی نیز پدران افغان به ارزش‏ های قدرت-پیشرفت و منحصربه‏فردبودن بیش از پدران ایرانی اهمیت می‏دادند. قرابت فرهنگی منجر به مهاجرت خانواده‏های افغان علی‏رغم اقامت طولانی‏مدت در جامعۀ مقصد، با حفظ ارزش‏ها و سنت‏های فرهنگی جامعۀ افغان همراه است؛ تا جایی‏که جایگاه والدین، نگرش‏های جنسیتی سنتی و حس متفاوت‏بودن به‏عنوان ارزش‏های مهم در فرزندان تشویق می‏شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Intercultural study of Attitudes to Gender Roles, Parental Values and Parental Burnout: the case of Iran and Afghan Refugee

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohreh Khosravi 1
  • Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi 2
  • Zahra Khavari 3
  • Maryam Khavari 4

1 Professor of clinical psychology, Department of Psychology, Alzahra University

2 Department of Psychology, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

4 MA in Psychology, Alzahra University

چکیده [English]

The current research was administered with the aim of intercultural investigating the attitudes to gender roles, parental values ‎, and parental burnout‎ in two groups of Iranian and Afghan parents. The statistical population of this study was two groups of Iranian and Afghan parents living in Tehran City those 398 parents including 199 Afghan parents (97 fathers and 102 mothers) and 199 Iranian parents (93 fathers and 106 mothers) living in Tehran were selected by convenient and voluntary from different regions of the city. The research instruments included the Attitudes to Gender Roles Questionnaire, Goals and Values in Adults Questionnaire, and Parental Burnout Assessment. The results showed that two groups of Iranian and Afghan parents significantly differed in parental burnout, and regarding parental values in power and achieves, agency and self-direct, and benevolence & prosocial. The results showed there was a significant difference between mothers and fathers in attitudes to gender roles and all of the values except agency and self-direct. In the interaction of migration and gender effects, the results showed Iranian fathers had a high score in specific gender roles, Afghan fathers had a high score in traditional gender roles and Iranian mothers had a high score in androgynous gender roles. Also, Afghan fathers care more about power and achieve separateness values than Iranian fathers. Cultural similarities led to the migration of Afghan families despite long-term residence in the destination community, which was companied by the maintenance of Afghan cultural values and traditions, so that the status of parents, traditional gender roles, and the sense of being unique as important values is encouraged in their children.

The component of parenting and the quality of parent-child interactions, the values and goals of parents in the children of immigrant families in the context of cultural adaptation and acculturation (influence and impression of the destination culture) is a subject that can be studied.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • gender roles
  • parental values
  • parental burnout
  • intercultural

 

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