نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهشکدۀ مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در بسیاری فرهنگ‌ها، بافندگی و نساجی به‌عنوان پیشه و صنعت، اغلب کار مردان و در قلمرو خانه، اغلب کار زنان بوده است. تمایز میان محل کار و خانه در دوران مدرن موجب تمایز میان دوزندگی حرفه‌ای مردان و بافتنی‌ها و سوزن‌دوزی‌های تفننی زنان شد. از نظر منتقدان فرهنگی، بافتنی‌ها و سوزن‌دوزی‌های زنان فقط نشانگر ذوق زنانه یا عشق به خانه نبود، بلکه نشانگر الگوهای تحمیل‌شده به زن خانه‌دار، مطیع و سازگار بود. هدف این مقاله پرداختن به آثار هنرمندان معاصر زن ایرانی است که با الهام از دوختن و بافتن، در جست‌وجوی زبان زنانه هستند. از این‌رو پرسش اصلی این است که هنرمندان زن هنرهای تجسمی، چگونه و با چه شیوه‌هایی بافتن و دوختن را به راهی برای جست‌وجوی زبان هویت زنانه تبدیل کرده‌اند. برای پاسخ به این پرسش با ترکیب روش‌های «تحلیل رویداد» و «تحلیل روند»، پنج نمایشگاه هنری «تجلی احساس»، «سو+زن»، «زنان می‌سازند»، «نخش» و «پرسبوک» مطالعه و تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان‌دهندۀ تغییرات تجربۀ هنرمندان زن معاصر ایران طی سه دهۀ 1370 تا 1400 است. هنرمندان طی دهۀ 1370- به‌ویژه در رویداد هنری مخصوص زنان با عنوان «تجلی احساس»- دوختن و بافتن را به‌عنوان زنانگی مادرانه و مهارت زن در چارچوب کار خانگی و گاه سنتی و روستایی تصویر کردند، اما در پی تغییرات اجتماعی- فرهنگی دهۀ 1380 در رویدادهای هنری مانند نمایشگاه «سو+زن» و «زنان می‌سازند» و «پرسبوک» شاهد به‌کارگیری دوختن و بافتن همچون کنشی انتقادی و زبانی توسط هنرمندان زن برای بازاندیشی هویتی زنان در دهۀ 1380 و 1390 هستیم.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Looking for Feminine Language: Study of the Works of Iranian Women Artists Inspired by Sewing and Knitting Experiences

نویسنده [English]

  • Masoomeh Taghizadegan

Assistant Professor, Faculty of cultural studies and communication, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

In numerou​s cultures, men are predominantly responsible for the profession and industry of weaving and knitting, while women are primarily responsible for domestic sewing and weaving, provided that they are conducted within the confines of the home. However, cultural critics contend that these works did not merely demonstrate feminine taste or love for the home; rather, they delineated the expectations placed on females to remain silent, obedient, and compliant. The objective of this article is to examine the works of contemporary Iranian women artists. Feminine language is intended to convey the experiences of women and to facilitate the comprehension and reception of women, as identified by Luce Irigaray. This article addresses the issue of how female visual artists have transformed knitting and sewing into a means of exploring the language of female identity. In order to address this inquiry, five art exhibitions were examined and analyzed, including “Tajali Ehsas (Manifestation of feeling),” “sew+zan,” “Women Create,” “Nakhsh (Design),” and “Pressbook,” using the methodologies of “Trend analysis” and “Event Study.”The findings demonstrate the evolution of the experiences of contemporary Iranian women artists from the 1990s to the 2020s. Sewing and knitting have been depicted as symbols of desirable femininity in the works of certain Iranian female painters, particularly during the “Tajali Ehsas (Manifestation of feeling)” event in the 1990s. However, in the wake of socio-cultural shifts, female artists have employed sewing and knitting as a critical and linguistic action to reevaluate the identity of women in artistic events such as the exhibition “sew+zan,” “Women Create,” and “Pressbook.”
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Contemporary Iranian art
  • Feminine language
  • Iranian women artists
  • Knitted collages
  • Sewing and knitting
  • Women's art
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