نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مطالعات تحلیلی و تطبیقی هنر اسلامی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران
2 دکتری تخصصی گروه پژوهش هنر، دانشکدۀ هنر، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
چکیده
سقانفارها بناهایی مربوط به دورۀ قاجارند که برخاسته از معماری بومی و آیینی مازندران هستند. در نقوش تصویری دیوارنگاره‌های سقانفار کیجاتکیۀ بابل، مضامین تصویری با محوریت زن به‌وفور دیده می‌شود. این پژوهش با هدف شناخت مضامین تصویری دیوارنگاره‌های سقانفار کیجاتکیۀ بابل و علل اهمیت نقش‌مایۀ زن و تحلیل بار معنایی این نقوش براساس رویکرد شمایل‌شناسی صورت گرفت. سؤالات پژوهش عبارت‌اند از: 1. چه مضامینی در دیوارنگاره‌های سقانفار کیجاتکیۀ بابل قابل‌مشاهده است؟ 2. دلایل ظهور و وفور نقش‌مایۀ زنانه در دیوارنگاره‌های سقانفار کیجاتکیۀ بابل چیست؟ 3. بار معنایی لایه‌های نقش‌مایۀ زن در سقانفار کیجاتکیۀ بابل براساس رویکرد شمایل‌شناسی چیست؟ این پژوهش از نظر هدف بنیادی و از نظر روش توصیفی-تحلیلی است. از هر تقسیم‌بندی نقوش سقانفارها به شیوۀ غیرتصادفی (حماسی، ماورایی، نمادین و فعالیت روزمره) یک تصویر شاخص با رویکرد شمایل‌شناسی تشریح شده است. مسئلۀ بازتعریف نقش زن در جامعه، خانواده و عرصۀ هنر در دوران قاجار اوج گرفت. از سوی دیگر، تأثیر منطقۀ جغرافیایی و شیوۀ امرارمعاش، مفهوم جنسیت را در مناطق شمالی ایران متحول کرد. در ظهور نقش‌مایۀ زنان، عوامل تاریخی، اجتماعی، سیاسی و فرهنگی حائز اهمیت هستند. هم‌زمانی برهۀ تاریخی بنای تکیه با دورۀ قاجار، تغییرات بنیادین در روابط اجتماعی، سبک پوشش، جایگاه سیاسی و تعدد تصاویر زنان در دورۀ قاجار گویای پیوند مستقیم این نقوش با تحولات سیاسی-اجتماعی حاکم بر جامعۀ زمان خود است و تأثیرپذیری هنرمندان بومی در انعکاس از شرایط سیاسی و اجتماعی را در یک بافت تاریخی خاص روایت می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
An Iconological Approach to Study of Female Motifs in Themes of Graffiti in Saqanefar of Kijatekiyeh, Babol
نویسندگان [English]
- samareh rezaei 1
- atieh Youzbashi 2
1 Department of Analysis & Comparative History of Art, Faculty of Art, Islamic Azad University of Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Art Research, Faculty of Art, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Saqanefars are structures from the Qajar period that are derived from the indigenous and ritual architecture of Mazandaran. In contrast to comparable structures, Saqanfar Kijatekiyeh in Babol is characterized by a plethora of pictorial themes that are specifically focused on women. This research aims to explore the themes and significance of women's roles in these murals. The research questions are as follows: -What is the reason for the increased prevalence of women's motifs in Saqanfar Kijatekiyeh Babol in comparison to other Saqanefars? -What are the reasons for the prominence of women in these murals? - Which themes are illustrated in the murals of Saqanfar Kijatekiyeh, Babol? The research employs a descriptive-analytical method, which involves the non-random selection of specific images from epic, otherworldly, symbolic, and quotidian activity motifs and their description using an iconological approach. Significant developments and changes in women's status were reflected in the Qajar era, which saw a zenith in the redefining of women's roles in society, family, and art. The northern regions of Iran underwent a change in gender concepts as a result of their geographical and livelihood conditions. The development of women's roles is significantly influenced by historical, social, political, and cultural factors. The Tekiyeh building's simultaneity with the Qajar period, the fundamental changes in social relations, clothing styles, political positions, and aesthetic concepts of women, as well as the abundance of women's images, suggest a direct connection between these motifs and the political and social developments of the era. This is indicative of the impact of indigenous artists on the representation of political and social conditions within a particular historical context.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Female Motifs
- Graffiti
- Iconology
- Kijatekieh Babol
- Saqanefar
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