نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکدۀ ادبیات، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

10.22059/jwica.2024.366539.1976

چکیده

رویکرد  شوالتر که به نقد وضعی یا سنت نوشتاری زنان مشهور است، امکان بررسی نوشتار زنانه را از منظر  تفاوت‌های جنسیتی فراهم می‌آورد. شوالتر با بررسی زمینه‌های زیستی، زبانی، روانی و فرهنگی به  تحلیل نوشتار ادبی می‌‌پردازد. رمان «پیاده»  جزء آثاری است که موضوع معضلات زن ایرانی را دستمایه داستان‌پردازی قرار داده است. قهرمان این داستان، زنی تنهاست که به دلیل تهمت ناروای همسرش از دیار خود رانده و آواره می‌شود. شخصیت‌های مرد در این رمان در اتحادی نانوشته هر یک به‌نحوی در رقم‌خوردن عاقبت شوم قهرمان دست دارند و در نقطة مقابل شخصیت‌های زن طی تلاشی بی‌ثمر، هر کدام به‌شکلی درصدد یاری قهرمان‌ هستند. نویسنده با خلق مکانی خیالی به نام گوران، به بازنمایی ظلم تاریخی فرهنگ مردانه به زنان پرداخته است. این پژوهش در پی آن است تا به شیوة توصیفی – تحلیلی ویژگی‌های نوشتار زنانة ایرانی را در متن رمان پیاده بر اساس رویکردهای چهارگانة شوالتر بررسی نماید. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که مسائل مربوط به بارداری و زایمان از منظر زیستی، ارتباط با مردان، ویژگی‌های مادرانه و ارتباط با زنان از نگاه روانی و توجه منتقدانه به تسلط تاریخی مردان بر زنان از منظر فرهنگی، تبلور خاصی در متن یافته‌اند. در زمینة مسائل زبانی و ساختاری نیز انعکاس بالای واژگان خاص زنان، جملات کوتاه و مقطّع و جزئی‌نگری در متن تشخصّ ویژه‌ای دارند. مهم‌ترین ویژگی سبکی متن نیز نوع خاصی از روایت بومی-ایرانی است که از تلفیق زاویه دید سوم‌شخص و اول‌شخص با بهره‌گیری از ظرفیت جملات عاطفی حاصل آمده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Feminist Critique of the Novel "Peyadeh" by Belghis Solamani from Shohalter's Perspective

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ayoob Moradi 1
  • mansoureh shahriyari 2

1 Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Shohalter's approach, known for its critique of the current state and tradition of women's writing, provides a platform for examining women's literature through the lens of gender differences. Shohalter analyzes literary content and structure by considering biological, linguistic, psychological, and cultural factors. The protagonist of this story is a lonely woman who is unjustly driven away from her home due to false accusations by her husband and becomes a wanderer in Tehran. In the novel, male characters, collectively or individually, play a role in the protagonist's tragic fate, while female characters, despite their futile efforts, strive to support her. The author creates an imaginary place called "Goran" to depict the historical oppression of women by a male-dominated culture. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of Iranian women's writing in the novel "Peyadeh" using Shohalter's fourfold approach through a descriptive-analytical method. The results demonstrate that topics such as pregnancy and childbirth, relationships with men, maternal attributes, and connections among women can be examined from a biological, psychological, and linguistic perspective based on Shohalter's framework. Furthermore, a notable stylistic feature of the text is its unique blend of native Iranian narrative style, combining third-person and first-person perspectives with the utilization of emotional sentences, reminiscent of storytelling among Iranian women.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fiction Literature
  • Feminist Criticism
  • Shohalter
  • Novel Peyadeh
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