Literature
Mohammad Mirzaii Rashnoo; Yossof Ali Biranvand; Ali Sajadi
Abstract
Among mythical illustrations on Lorestan bronzes, there is a woman that seems to be a fertility goddess. Woman images were obtained of the bronze explorers discovered in the Sorkh Dom e Lori area of Kohdasht, Lorestan, Iran. Given the temple's excavation area, it's likely that the woman was the fertility ...
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Among mythical illustrations on Lorestan bronzes, there is a woman that seems to be a fertility goddess. Woman images were obtained of the bronze explorers discovered in the Sorkh Dom e Lori area of Kohdasht, Lorestan, Iran. Given the temple's excavation area, it's likely that the woman was the fertility goddess and this matter explains value of women in this region. Sometimes this woman's face has been carved along with pomegranate, fish and so on. Sometimes this has also been depicted naked and being childbirth, along with ram and octamerous flower. The purpose of this study was to revelate the image of this painted lady on the bronze pinheads of Sorkh Dom, Lorestan. Thus, with descriptive-analytic method, we studied and analyzed the symbols of these pinheads. The research questions are: 1) How are the images of the mother goddess in Lorestan bronze pinheads? 2) What are the mother goddess symbols in Lorestan bronze pinheads? The results of the research showed that in addition to the woman's image, other paints along with him, including fish, pomegranate and animals such as ram, are also signs and symbols of the fertility goddess. The octamerous flowers, and the number seven, signify abundance.
Sociology
Ahmadreza Asgharpour Masouleh; Mahdi Kermani; Zahra Baradaran Kashani
Abstract
In each community, there are certain criteria and norms for selection of a spouse according to the conditions and requirements of society. In other words, selection of a spouse is a social affair, greatly influenced by the dominant values of society. More researches in this area have used deductive strategies ...
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In each community, there are certain criteria and norms for selection of a spouse according to the conditions and requirements of society. In other words, selection of a spouse is a social affair, greatly influenced by the dominant values of society. More researches in this area have used deductive strategies and quantitative methods to investigate the phenomenon. However, this phenomenon has subjective dimensions and diverse objective manifestations in life experience of social actors that are complex at the same time. This research is based on a phenomenological approach to explore the meaning of choosing a spouse among young women as a social phenomenon. This phenomenological study was carried out with the participation of fifteen young girls married in the city of Mashhad who were chosen purposefully. The results showed that there are three dominant patterns for the selection of a spouse: style based on traditional patterns, style based on friendly interactions, intermediate style (friendly interactions under the supervision of family). Also the criteria making, control of criteria, adaptation, acceptance and final selection represent the original dimensions of spouse selection common in life experience of participants under study.
Soheila Sadeqi Fasaei; Abolfazl Eghbali
Abstract
The policy area of sexuality in Iran is affected by theoretical conflict between two major approaches. The present article seeks to present a discursive formulation of the theoretical conflicts between these two approaches in Iranian society. In this study, the method of Fariclough, Laclau ...
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The policy area of sexuality in Iran is affected by theoretical conflict between two major approaches. The present article seeks to present a discursive formulation of the theoretical conflicts between these two approaches in Iranian society. In this study, the method of Fariclough, Laclau and Mouffe is applied in a conjoined way. The results of the research indicated that the first approach, based on religious principles, follows the idea of sexual education with the focus on sexual ethics. Furthermore, it also includes various concepts, such as sexual identity, convenient and timely marriage, hijab and continence, etc, to construct the life sex of the Iranian society. Based on this approach, sexuality is studied in a network of biological and cultural components, in which sometimes confronting sexuality does not eliminate its ambiguity but instead enhances it. The second approach is inspired by the liberal literature of the international community, by emphasizing the importance of sex education with a core of knowledge and sexual awareness. Some constructed and predominated concepts in the second approach include various perceptions, such as homosexuality, casual homosexuality, and the recognition of sexual minorities, distinction between sex and gender, and the condemnation of child marriage. In confronting sexuality, disambiguation and explicitly are the most important strategies of the second discourse. The latest public debate on the two approaches was the 2030 United Nations Document.
Sorayya Maknoon; Zohreh Ataei-Ashtiani
Volume 3, دوره 1، شماره 3 , November 2011, , Pages 55-74
Abstract
The article proposes a general subject matter “gender and consumption”, considering the philosophical basis of the subject, and the process involved in constructing a consuming model. The authors believe a consuming model has three related, harmonious stages in production, distribution, and consumption. ...
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The article proposes a general subject matter “gender and consumption”, considering the philosophical basis of the subject, and the process involved in constructing a consuming model. The authors believe a consuming model has three related, harmonious stages in production, distribution, and consumption. The formation of consuming is based on foundation of “need production” and it’s relation to “need fulfillment”, in a determined and targeted System. In this regard, a research study was conducted in Women Studies Department of the Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies to find out the relation of gender to need-fulfillment system .The qualitative method involved interviews and in later stage, testing the results using a survey method. The population included a ratio of men and women in Tehran, selected randomly according to their age and education level. The most important results of the research was the proof of the relation between “need and fulfillment of need”, and the proof of an obvious difference between sexes in: selecting the need, source of need production, and the ways needs are satisfied.
Ezzat Molla Ebrahimi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , March 2011, , Pages 57-76
Abstract
Palestinian woman poets have frequently used mythical concepts, especially those of God's messengers, in their poems, and they have sometimes been inspired by these myths. Although myths have ancient origins, they endow the contemporary poet's thoughts with a deep scope, while, at the same time, the ...
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Palestinian woman poets have frequently used mythical concepts, especially those of God's messengers, in their poems, and they have sometimes been inspired by these myths. Although myths have ancient origins, they endow the contemporary poet's thoughts with a deep scope, while, at the same time, the poet reprocesses them and give them the present day flavour. Therefore, most poems by Palestinian woman poets are full of teeming with mythical beliefs and teachings; beliefs that begin from the earliest moments of the dawn of creation and continue up to the last moment of the poet's life. The present study deals with the mythical worldview in the poems by Palestinian woman poets and how they have utilised the myths of God's prophets in their poems.
Halime Enayat; maryam hoseini; Javad Askari chavordi
Volume 3, Issue 2 , January 2012, , Pages 57-76
Abstract
The aim of this research is analyze the content of Lamerd's lullabies in Fars Province with sociological approach and to illustrate women's situation in family and the function of these lullabies in the mentioned region. The method of this study is qualitative content analysis of lullabies with inductive ...
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The aim of this research is analyze the content of Lamerd's lullabies in Fars Province with sociological approach and to illustrate women's situation in family and the function of these lullabies in the mentioned region. The method of this study is qualitative content analysis of lullabies with inductive approach. The results of the research were considered in two sections: 1) the concepts related to family structure and functions of lullabies in relationship between couples. 2) Functions of lullabies in relationship between mother and her baby. The findings show the women's situation in traditional and male-dominated society and claim that in such circumstances lullabies had hidden functions for women: 1) they construct protest space for women 2) they prepare conditions for dialogue and explanation of desire and in better words facilitate establishing relationship for women. 3) Prepare space to get rid of psychological and structural stress. Therefore Considering the functions of lullabies for women, women's lullabies can be considered as media.
Vajiheh Javani; Firishtah Aghajani; mina Alemi
Abstract
AbstractIn today's world, the media is the most important means of conveying messages to the public via various ways. It has a significant contribution to the level of public awareness of various issues. Therefore, the present study deals with media's effect on gender stereotypes in women's sports. ...
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AbstractIn today's world, the media is the most important means of conveying messages to the public via various ways. It has a significant contribution to the level of public awareness of various issues. Therefore, the present study deals with media's effect on gender stereotypes in women's sports. The method used to analyze the data is thematic analysis. The research population includes Iranian women athletes at professional level and researchers working in the field of women's sports studies. When analyzing the findings of the interviews, there are two main themes: the dysfunctions and functions of the media in the field of media influence on gender stereotypes are extracted, which indicates their dual and contradictory influence. It means that on the one hand, the consequences of covering the successes and activities of professional women athletes in the media undermine the prevailing patriarchal ideas in sports, while, on the other hand, the media reinforces gender stereotypes in society by inciting and emphasizing the femininity dimension of female athletes through inducing a gender perspective and believing that women's sports are not severe in the public mind.
psychology
Raziyeh Nasirzadeh; Narjes Erfanmanesh; Kazem Rasoolzadeh Tabatabaei; Mohammad Mozaffari Makki Abadi
Abstract
Draw a story (DAS), by Integrate story and drawing, attempt to enter to child's emotional world, and provided valuable information about the inner world of children's that they are not able to express them, due verbal and cognitive limitations. The aim of present study was to evaluate Emotional content, ...
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Draw a story (DAS), by Integrate story and drawing, attempt to enter to child's emotional world, and provided valuable information about the inner world of children's that they are not able to express them, due verbal and cognitive limitations. The aim of present study was to evaluate Emotional content, self- image and use of humor in children of elementary school and investigate Gender differences, age and Socioeconomic Status on these constructs by Psychological analysis of the content of children's stories. In this survey study and casual-comparative study, a sample of 500 primary school students from Shiraz were selected through evaluated by Draw a story test. Data was analyzed using MANOVA. Result showed that girls vs boys, high Socioeconomic vs low Socioeconomic were obtained higher scores in Emotional content, self- image and use of humor Moreover, while increasing age, children 's scores increased on measures of emotional content, self-image and use of humor.
Literature
Arwa Assi; mahsa rone
Abstract
Feminist criticism is concerned with women's issues and the ideas regarding women in a text. As an approach to the differences between speech and texts of men and women, female writing is a valuable theory in feminist literary criticism. By drawing on a descriptive and analytical methodology, the present ...
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Feminist criticism is concerned with women's issues and the ideas regarding women in a text. As an approach to the differences between speech and texts of men and women, female writing is a valuable theory in feminist literary criticism. By drawing on a descriptive and analytical methodology, the present study analyzes the language and content of two women's journals in the Constitutional era, i.e., Danesh (“knowledge”) and Shokoufeh (“bloom”), using a "feminine writing" feminist approach and based on the perspectives of linguists such as Mills and Lakoff. Linguistic and content analysis of these magazines suggest that although the prose of female journalists in the earliest women's journals is void of heavy feminist connotations, the syntax contains many components of feminine writing style, such as high frequency of vague words, swearing on divine authority, use of intensifiers and adverbs expressing doubts, feminine emotional phrases in vocabulary, utilizing short sentences, relative and independent clauses, use of unfinished sentences, and questions. Thematically, too, female journalists discussed subjects different from those reflected in men's journals, like the imperative of female literacy, female health care, and hygiene, respecting their choice of spouse, revising men's conduct in interacting with them in the household and community, and comparing the conditions of Iranian women with women in advanced countries, to advance their social and individual demands.
Soheila Sadeghi Fasaei; Iman Erfanmanesh
Abstract
Social institutions have not changed equally, completely and simultaneously under the impact of modernization process. Different levels of the family construction have been formed disharmoniously with social changes. That is why we are witnessing incompatible coactions among a some parts of traditional ...
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Social institutions have not changed equally, completely and simultaneously under the impact of modernization process. Different levels of the family construction have been formed disharmoniously with social changes. That is why we are witnessing incompatible coactions among a some parts of traditional family norms on one side, and the values arisen from modernization. So that in some cases this issue has become a reason for harms and family problems because of incompatibility with the present social changes. In such conditions, families cannot be encouraged to accept traditional family norms, nor are they expected to accept modern system norms. This article studies the theoretical controversies about the future of the family and suggests the formation of a family example to go with the Iranian-Islamic identity and with applying new elements compatible with new changes which can provide the capabilities to prevent issues and social harms.
Zahra Ardekani Fard; Seyed Noorodin Razavizadeh
Abstract
Influencers, through their posts on social media, are the online thought leaders who influence the behavior and decision-making process of the mass. Many Instagram influencers are now women. The image they present as women is an influential image of femininity. This research attempts to analyze the femininity ...
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Influencers, through their posts on social media, are the online thought leaders who influence the behavior and decision-making process of the mass. Many Instagram influencers are now women. The image they present as women is an influential image of femininity. This research attempts to analyze the femininity presented on Instagram. For this purpose, the pages of four Iranian female influencers were selected as a sample and the posts of these pages were analyzed using the social semiotics of the image of Cress and Van Livon. The research results show that there are four different ways of portraying femininity on these pages: “modern corporeal femininity”, “traditional femininity in new form”, “anti-dominant femininity”, and “femininity in public space”. These types have both similarities and distinct differences from each other. They pay attention to the two categories of “female body” and “traditional female roles”, and their representations are formed around these two categories. The female body and female roles are influenced by two processes of commercialization and socialization, one by capitalist discourse, the other by feminist discourse. Furthermore, in all the types of femininity presented, religious discourse is either completely rejected or ignored.
Farideh Hamidi; Hossein Sedaghat
Abstract
Introduction: Spiritual intelligence is concerned with the inner life of mind and spirit and its relationship to being in the world. Spiritual intelligence implies a capacity for a deep understanding of existential questions and insight into multiple levels of consciousness. Spiritual intelligence also ...
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Introduction: Spiritual intelligence is concerned with the inner life of mind and spirit and its relationship to being in the world. Spiritual intelligence implies a capacity for a deep understanding of existential questions and insight into multiple levels of consciousness. Spiritual intelligence also implies awareness of spirit as the ground of being or as the creative life force of evolution. Many models and definitions] have been proposed by researchers, theorists, and spiritual advocates. The models and definitions of spiritual intelligence identify specific propensities, qualities and capacities of human perceptions, intuitions and cognitions.
In this research, SI was defined as a set of adaptive mental capacities which are based on nonmaterial and transcendent aspects of reality, specifically those which are related to the nature of one’s existence, personal meaning, transcendence, and expanded states of consciousness. When applied, these processes are adaptive in their ability to facilitate unique means of problem-solving, abstract-reasoning, and coping. Purpose: The present research as a causal comparative study was compared the Spiritual Intelligence between high school students according to their genders and grades in Kerman city.
Method: Sample included 537 high school students contains 299 boys and 238 girls that were chosen by proportional stratified sampling. Research instruments was 24-item SISRI and four components concluded: Critical Existential Thinking, Personal Meaning Production. Transcendental Awareness. Conscious State Expansion, and Conscious State Expansion. Construct and criterion-related validity were supported, as well as split-half and test-retest reliability 0.79. , 0.86.
Results :Results showed there was no significant difference between SQ and it's component with gender, and student’s grades . (a=0.05)
Discussion:No significant differences were found considering gender and the respondents’ demographics that assert the integrative quality of spiritual Intelligence harmonizing human factors normally dichotomized. This finding is a reminder to those who wish to pursue spiritual growth to relate with the self and others as equal dignity. Each individual has as much right as the other to nurture his/her Spiritual Intelligence.
Seyed Mohammad Mahdizade; Masoumeh Esmaeili
Abstract
This research aims to make an analysis of the content and semiology of the image of the women society in the cinematic works of Ebrahim Hatamikia. The (statistical) society of this research consists of four movies (The Watchman, The Scent of Joseph's Shirt, The Red Ribbon, Invitation) out of total movies ...
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This research aims to make an analysis of the content and semiology of the image of the women society in the cinematic works of Ebrahim Hatamikia. The (statistical) society of this research consists of four movies (The Watchman, The Scent of Joseph's Shirt, The Red Ribbon, Invitation) out of total movies produced by him during four separable chronological sections in Iran i.e. imposed wartime, construction period, reform period and fundamentalism period from 1986. Two methods of semiology (coexistence and substitution) and content analysis have been used as variables for analyzing film content (cast role duration, age, social class, occupation type, situation, and type of dressing and theme of dialogues) and, then, a main question and three subsidiary questions were proposed.
The results were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, using the method of semiology and content analysis. The findings of the research show that the early movies produced by Hatamikia do not give the women a notable position because of the war-based background of these movies. The male gender is placed at the heart of the events and the description of the females is not feasible without the male characters; the cases and themes to which the women have no affinity. The early cinematic works of Hatamikia lack the women presence and role. However, in his later works when he enters the civil space and makes a focus on the social matters women gain some place and take role in the works of Hatamikia. But, these women are all showed as individual characters every time, who take prominence in the course of time gradually.
Abdolreza Seif; Fatemeh Hakima
Abstract
The subject of womanhood is an attempt to explain why the woman is a symbol of self. I will start the paper with the story of “A’arabi and the Caliph” from the view point of symbol and then I will continue with the definition of self, symbol, why the woman is a symbol of self as it is believed ...
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The subject of womanhood is an attempt to explain why the woman is a symbol of self. I will start the paper with the story of “A’arabi and the Caliph” from the view point of symbol and then I will continue with the definition of self, symbol, why the woman is a symbol of self as it is believed by mystics. The allegorical result based on Najm Razi’s theory shows the accompaniment of self with wisdom causes the manifestation of love in the wayfarer. Through the enigma of “He who knows himself, has known God” and with a critical view to the belief that the woman is the symbol of self based on divine Quran verses it has been proved that walking towards God is not only for men but also for women to reach eminent place of a perfect human and the love of God.
Art
Alireza Taheri; Batool Maazallahi
Abstract
Sections of history were unsaid because they happened beside facts. In these situations, minds were attracted by what is visible. As a result, few facts were ignored. In many of sources that considered Fath Ali Shah`s iconography, his intense tendency toward using jewelries or attention to appearance ...
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Sections of history were unsaid because they happened beside facts. In these situations, minds were attracted by what is visible. As a result, few facts were ignored. In many of sources that considered Fath Ali Shah`s iconography, his intense tendency toward using jewelries or attention to appearance defined as his diplomatic policies toward foreigners. This note has a considerable place in art studies that no one wants to analyze it. In a comparison which is performed between the paints of harem women and Fath Ali Shah`s iconography, there were some similarities that highlight womanly tastes effects on these habits. Therefore, present research considers harem and its effects on Fath Ali Shah`s taste and introduces these effects by using historical-descriptive approach. View of this article is new in art studies and this is a one of important points of this research.
psychology
Abdulzahra Naami; Shahram Noori-Samarin
Abstract
Study of user' traits as antecedents of social networks addiction has been given special importance. The current study aims to predict social networks addiction on the basis of student' Loneliness and Self-esteem. Research design was based on correlation study. A sample of 335 female students were selected ...
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Study of user' traits as antecedents of social networks addiction has been given special importance. The current study aims to predict social networks addiction on the basis of student' Loneliness and Self-esteem. Research design was based on correlation study. A sample of 335 female students were selected through multistage cluster sampling method and then assessed by the Social and Loneliness Scale (SELSA-S), Rosenberg' Self-esteem Scale (RSES) and researcher made questionnaire of social networks addiction. The collected data were analyzed using correlation and multiple regressions. The results indicated that loneliness (r=0.36, P<0.001) and self-esteem (r= -0/26, P<0.001) with social networks addiction have a significant correlation. Moreover, there is a positive correlation between loneliness' dimensions and social networks addiction. Multiple regression analysis showed that loneliness (β=0.345) and self-esteem (β= -0.244) can predict social networks addiction in the meaningful manner. However, other results showed that three dimensions of loneliness (family, romantic and social, respectively) were strong predictors for social networks addiction.
cultural
Mohammad Mahdavi; Elaheh Sayed Sherafat
Abstract
The issue of hijab and cover in sports is a controversial problem in today's world, especially in the Olympic and World squares. The present article has examined the attitude of athletes towards hijab and chastity in women's sports, as well as the opportunity or limit of hijab and chastity in sport. ...
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The issue of hijab and cover in sports is a controversial problem in today's world, especially in the Olympic and World squares. The present article has examined the attitude of athletes towards hijab and chastity in women's sports, as well as the opportunity or limit of hijab and chastity in sport. In this survey, 300 female athletes from East Azarbaijan province were selected by random sampling method as sample of this research. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess their opinion about hijab and chastity and the related issues. The results of hypothesis testing and path analysis were demonstrated by AMOS23 software. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between attitudes toward hijab culture and chastity in women's sports with the opportunities and constraints of the hijab and chastity in sport. The result of this research shows that most people who participated in sports not only did not hijack the exercise, but considered it an opportunity to flourish. Also, the culture of education and education of the people is one of the most important suggestions made by economic and cultural actors, such as constituencies, universities and etc. to achieve the desired goal.
Abstract
Communities’worldview has an important role in shaping arts. Exploring the evolution of thePersian art and architecture indicates that, in different periods, despitethe changeof aestheticand expression, there have relatively been some similar meanings in different forms of art. Onthe words, in ...
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Communities’worldview has an important role in shaping arts. Exploring the evolution of thePersian art and architecture indicates that, in different periods, despitethe changeof aestheticand expression, there have relatively been some similar meanings in different forms of art. Onthe words, in different forms of art, expression might be changed but a unique meaning wouldbemarinated.In this research it is assumed that the roots of these semblances are in philosophical theoriesthat have been dominant in the society.Art can be inspired by different theories, symbolism inPersian Mythological and mystical texts, andultimately leads to the creation of a specialaesthetic expression that could create a similar meaning in different kinds of forms.The results of this research indicate that there has been an obvious connection between thePersian art and architecture and philosophy. InSafavids, the combination of variousphilosophical schools led to the creation of one of the most glorious periods of the Persian artand architecture.Thebelief in the sanctity of the symbols of fertilitythat are visible in thehistorical Iranian thoughtsas well as in various forms of art such as Anahita and tree oflifehave been replaced with waterfront and domes in the Safavids architecture. In all theseshapes, a similar meaning would be visible.
Art
Zahra Shahriari; Farideh Afarin
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to explain how a female designer uses visual elements and rules to produce meanings and messages in order to illuminate the creative aspects of women's existence. Clarifying the meaning and message of the poster relies on observing, describing, and interpreting visual ...
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The purpose of the present study is to explain how a female designer uses visual elements and rules to produce meanings and messages in order to illuminate the creative aspects of women's existence. Clarifying the meaning and message of the poster relies on observing, describing, and interpreting visual qualities. To clarify the layers of meaning, we study it with the components of the semantic process in language theory of Julia Kristeva. The components of the theoretical framework of the research are symbolic, the semiotic, their exchange, and then intertextuality. The method is the analysis of qualitative content by hermeneutic approach. This shows that both the symbolic and the semiotic in this poster are in constant conflict and exchange. They direct the meaning process. Female and flower`s replacement, flower petals and mouths, flower pot, water and clouds and materials for cultivation, usage of text with a curved font on the pot, and double reference of the text in theoretical defense of female voice show the symbolic and the semiotic exchange. In addition to them, the study of intertextuality like the benefit of embroidery technique to lost women's creativity implies the ultimate meaning. It is that today, just as much as we need to revive feminine traditions such as embroidery, we should pay as much attention to the female voice in different reproductive aspects of their existence. Also writing on the pots show the emphasis on other creative aspects in woman`s existence. Therefore, the poster`s designer pays deep attention to female reproductive aspects of their existence.
cultural
Asghar Izadi Jeiran
Abstract
This paper is an invitation to accept and to apply the senses in the field of ethnographic research of art. I tried to embed the aesthetic dimension of handmade fabrics woven by Lümə-Dərə community– one of Tərəkəmə clans in Northwest Iran- in their sensual world and make an approach ...
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This paper is an invitation to accept and to apply the senses in the field of ethnographic research of art. I tried to embed the aesthetic dimension of handmade fabrics woven by Lümə-Dərə community– one of Tərəkəmə clans in Northwest Iran- in their sensual world and make an approach toward understanding it. Therefore, I have made a bridge between anthropology of aesthetics and the anthropology of the senses. Focused on handmade fabrics, my field work has done in Lümə-Dərə. My ethnographic experience showed me that the motifs and designs woven on these fabrics cannot be analyzed via a macro-level and reductionist approach using written literary and mythological resources. In contrast, one should try to achieve a perception close to people creating fabrics, and to embed these forms in a context of real lived experience amongst those people. Toranj is a common shape among Iranian local and ethnic communities and art researchers mostly comprehend this shape by its meaning or aesthetic dimension. In this research, however, it is shown by reviewing Lümə-Dərə designs that the importance of water in images woven on the fabrics is routed in common values and local philosophy of this ethnic community.
Sociology
Hassan Piri; Yarmohammad Ghasemi; Sedighe Piri
Abstract
Femininity, like masculinity, is a cultural and historical reality that is constructed in different ways among different people. The present research aims to study the most popular local TV serials set in Ilam over recent years. The main purpose of the research is understand what kind of image of ...
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Femininity, like masculinity, is a cultural and historical reality that is constructed in different ways among different people. The present research aims to study the most popular local TV serials set in Ilam over recent years. The main purpose of the research is understand what kind of image of femininity is shown in the local channel of Ilam. To this end, we used the theoretical concepts presented by Goffmanm, Bourdieu and Feminist framework. The research method is content analysis. To identity the visible and invisible concepts in the text, we used coding techniques. Sampling is targeted, hence we have selected three popular TV shows set in Ilam. The results show that these TV shows represent a particular form of femininity as hegemonic, and it helped to accept, approve and strengthen this type of femininity. Also, they resisted against representation of a variety of other femininities present in society, or showed them as abnormal or marginal femininity.
Mahboubeh Shabani Jafroudi; Seyedeh Mamak Salavatian; Alireza Nikouei; Samereh Asadi Majreh
Abstract
The archetype in the collective human psyche motivates the performance of various actions in his spiritual mind. The present study seeks to find the connection between psychoanalysis and architecture, as the art is essence of human mind and psyche. Carl Gustav Jung, the inventor of the theory of analytical ...
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The archetype in the collective human psyche motivates the performance of various actions in his spiritual mind. The present study seeks to find the connection between psychoanalysis and architecture, as the art is essence of human mind and psyche. Carl Gustav Jung, the inventor of the theory of analytical psychology and the developer of the theory of archetypes, considers architecture as the human psyche. He believes that all man-made phenomena have already imagined in the mind or psyche at first. The number of archetypes, as the main topic of this discussion, is a lot. This research focuses on the two archetypes of Anima and Animus; at first to find and collect the symbols of these archetypes in ethnic thoughts, rituals and beliefs and then to create their proper correspondences in the symbols of some of the most important components of traditional houses in the Central Plateau of Iran. The main elements are including entrance complex, central yard, porch, pool space, room, wind passage, basement, cold basement and others. The present research has been carried out with the content analysis approach in the qualitative paradigm by inductive and deductive methods. The results showed that there is a correspondence between the archetypal symbols of anima and animus and the spiritual themes embedded in the components of traditional houses. As the perfect human psyche has a two-dimensional nature, there is a balance between both feminine and masculine expressions in the whole supreme art of traditional house architecture.
Sociology
Heyran Pournajaf; Mansour Haghighatian; Esmaeel Jahanbakhsh
Abstract
In today's world, the amazing and unimaginable growth of the media has made them a powerful tool that not only fulfills the informational task inherent in their nature; Rather, they have gone further and entered and influenced all aspects of human life. The diversity of the social roles of women and ...
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In today's world, the amazing and unimaginable growth of the media has made them a powerful tool that not only fulfills the informational task inherent in their nature; Rather, they have gone further and entered and influenced all aspects of human life. The diversity of the social roles of women and men reflects the fact that the concepts of femininity and masculinity (gender) are strongly influenced by social factors. Men and women are each reflected in the media. The image of women in mass media has an ideological aspect for the continuation of patriarchal relations. Against the subjectivity of women in patriarchal discourse; The strategy of struggle to deconstruct and break stereotypes has flowed in late modernity. The aim of the current research is to analyze the discourse of Iranian women's subjectivity in the Instagram social network. The research method in this study is qualitative content analysis. The technique used is critical discourse analysis and specifically Fairclough's discourse analysis approach. The community studied in this research is the pages related to the theoretical class of discourses of subjectivity in the Instagram social network of Iranian users, which were selected with theoretical considerations and qualitative content analysis. The final categories obtained in the research include the objectification of women, glorification of narcissism, gender class system, de-importance of role, naturalization of superior status, deprivation of rights, double otherization, which is consistent with the discourse of women's subjectivity.
Jalil Karimi; Siavash Gholipoor; Mariam Houri
Abstract
AbstractAs scientific and artistic approaches and ideas became closer to each other, and raising the relationship between society and art, the image presented by various groups, especially the lower classes of society, including women, became a serious subject for research in the media. Based on the ...
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AbstractAs scientific and artistic approaches and ideas became closer to each other, and raising the relationship between society and art, the image presented by various groups, especially the lower classes of society, including women, became a serious subject for research in the media. Based on the ideas of feminist theory and discourse approach, the present article describes how this image is represented in the films (ten films) of the 2000s in Iran. This article analyzes the relationship between the images created by them and the dominant political discourses in this period. According to the findings, in most films, the representation of women's lives tends to be more modern and inclined to none-patriarchal ideas, but these modern women, never find themselves in a polar state. They have the main features of both discourses at the same time. Considering the whole images, in spite of the fact that these works are influenced by the directors' attitudes and their discourse affiliations, there are reflections of the social conditions of the issue of "femininity and masculinity" in these films. It is as if there is a reflection of the conditions of the real transition of society from the traditional to the more modern stage in the films as well.
Historic
Mohsen Beheshti Seresht; Mohsen Parvish
Abstract
Ghajar era opened up a new chapter in the life of Iranian women; as a result of intellectual growth in this period Iranian women got a chance to enter social scenes more than before, and their role appeared in social and cultural events. Constitutional discourse, social development and resultant freedom ...
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Ghajar era opened up a new chapter in the life of Iranian women; as a result of intellectual growth in this period Iranian women got a chance to enter social scenes more than before, and their role appeared in social and cultural events. Constitutional discourse, social development and resultant freedom created a chance for women to openly express their perspectives and try to realize them; publishing feminist journals and establishing socio-political associations were among the most important means they used to achieve this aim. Shahnaz Azad (Roshdeeh) was one of the women's rights defenders in the late Ghajar era. Publishing Lady's journal, she sought to awaken and illuminate women about their rights and status. The journal published articles written by women only, mainly discussed Iranian female education and revised the idea of women absence in society. This research aims to study women's socio-cultural demands from Shahnaz Azad viewpoint and Lady's journal as well.
